Looking at the broader picture, the first influence on the lifecycle of an entrepreneur is the attitude of society towards enterprise and the cultural values and emphasis on entrepreneurship in the education system.
Support its development in our education system, in our communities and in corporate behaviour. Celebrate and reward successful entrepreneurs.
the level of education as well as the uniqueness of the offered product/service. The institutional variables used include the ease of doing business
Support its development in our education system, in our communities and in corporate behaviours. Celebrate and reward successful entrepreneurs.
including opportunity motivation for startups that belong to a technology-intensive sector, the entrepreneur's level of education,
The earlier and more widespread the exposure to entrepreneurship and innovation, the more likely it is that students will consider becoming entrepreneurs in the future.
The role of the education system in reenforcing positive perceptions of entrepreneurship is essential to bring about cultural change.
Much work is being undertaken by the Government to promote entrepreneurial role models, foster positive attitudes to risk taking, teach basic business management and financial literacy and address skills gaps.
A new targeted programme to encourage entrepreneurship among graduates was launched by Enterprise Ireland in May 2014.
The main purpose of the Graduate Competitive Start Fund is to provide up to 15 graduates with the critical early stage funding to enable them to reach key commercial and technical objectives that will in turn ensure delivery of their product
Action has also been taken by Enterprise Ireland to roll out an enhanced Student Enterprise Awards initiative targeting a greater number of students from the third level sector
It also encourages active and collaborative learning, the development of ICT skills in the revised primary curriculum and good arts education, all of which foster creativity,
All of the above skills, allied with the attainment of competence in a second modern language, form an important basis for lifelong learning and for creating a culture of enterprise.
Audits and peer reviews can help embed stronger support for entrepreneurship. In a number of European countries (eg.
Encouraging and promoting an enterprise culture among the student population is an important area of activity for the Local Enterprise Offices.
Over 20,000 students a year now participate in the various LEO supported programmes implemented in the education sector at both primary
Student Enterprise Awards-Second Level Exploring Enterprise-Second Level Bi Gnothach Enterprise Programme-Primary Level A strategy for the Further Education
The Higher education Authority (HEA) is developing an enterprise engagement strategy, within which entrepreneurial education will be an important part.
This strategy will set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education.
A range of modules in commercialisation are now being offered across Higher education Institutes (HELS) at undergraduate and postgraduate levels,
Enterprise needs to play a more central role in education to help HEIS provide an environment supportive of entrepreneurship.
For example, Accelerated Campus Entrepreneurship (ACE) has supported eight HEIS embed entrepreneurship within their curriculums, and develop an extensive range of programmes to promote entrepreneurship education.
An Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Learning Module has been adopted by 17 different higher education institutions and in June 2014 ACE rebranded itself as CEEN (Campus Entrepreneurship Enterprise Network), marking its transition to a national network.
CEEN is available to all HEIS interested in developing entrepreneurship education9. The evolution of this programme will be vital in developing future entrepreneurship education in Ireland.
DES) Work with education stakeholders across the education system to identify best practice and to mainstream successful programmes wherever feasible.
LEOS, DJEI) Develop a programme engaging entrepreneurs in exposing students to the excitement and opportunity of entrepreneurship, starting with a pilot across LEOS.
EI, LEOS, DES, Únag) Map relevant entrepreneurship activities in higher education institutions as part of the overall strategy for higher education engagement with enterprise and embed entrepreneurship support within the HEI System Performance Framework.
DES) Develop an enterprise engagement strategy for higher education to include entrepreneurial education as an important part of the national framework for enterprise engagement.
HEA) Set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education. DES, HEA) Develop an Entrepreneurial Phd programme with a view to training more scientists in SFI supported research teams to launch their own businesses.
DES) Increase the attractiveness of STEM subjects to a larger cohort of Leaving certificate students. DES) Develop a web portal to attract international talent with in demand skills to Ireland.
EI, IDA, D/Social Protection, D/Foreign affairs, Irish Software Association, ICT Ireland) Develop Junior Cycle short courses in Digital Media Literacy and Coding.
National Women's Enterprise Day, the Student Enterprise Awards scheme and the recently launched Ireland's Best Young Entrepreneur Competition.
the universities and the Institutes of Technology to bring together the State's support structures in a way that works for the entrepreneur.
The Government funds Campus Incubation facilities on every university and Institute of technology and these accommodate over 350 companies and over 1, 500 people.
and researchers in HEIS by facilitating smaller‘right-sized'projects for companies to address specific individual industry needs. 3. 2 High Potential Startups High Potential Startups,
and The irish Research Council's Employment-Based Postgraduate programme (Phd and Masters). The publication of an Intellectual Property Protocol designed to make it easier for business to engage with academics by providing clarity
these should help companies enter into appropriate forms of contract with HEIS more easily and accelerate the transaction process.
Research contracts for Graduate student projects with industry KTI is working with The irish Research Council to clarify how IP is treated in its Employment-Based Postgraduate programme with the aim of increasing certainty and security for participating companies.
There is clearly a benefit in making contracting between companies and HEIS as swift and easy as possible.
Achievement the Government's vision for entrepreneurship requires the development of a strong entrepreneurial culture and effective networks in the education system for commercialising ideas.
These elements will play important roles in making Ireland an attractive location for immigrant students, investors and entrepreneurs.
and supporting guidance notes for business including specific‘HEI/Startup guidelines'to facilitate the interaction between industry and HEIS, for inclusion in the IP Protocol.
DJEI, EI, EEN Ireland, D/AHG) Launch six Competitive Start Funds in 2014, including schemes targeted specifically towards female entrepreneurs, the aviation and manufacturing sectors and, for the first time, towards graduates.
relevant learning experiences with those of networking by companies in the same sector or region to share knowledge, ideas and best practice.
and the public sector to facilitate peer learning and knowledge sharing with the aim of developing entrepreneurial capacity.
Through EI, the Government funds Campus Incubation facilities at every university and Institute of technology. These incubators house over 350 companies and over 1, 500 people. 5. 3. 3 Co-working Spacethe Entrepreneurship Forum highlighted the importance of the availability of co-working spaces
Another important way for businesses to enhance a supportive culture is to sign up to the private sector Prompt Payments Voluntary Code of conduct,
and business representative bodies) to commit to the Prompt Payments Code of conduct to ensure responsible payment practices across enterprise in Ireland.
These targeted trade missions allow companies to engage in peer learning while also facilitating targeted networking events that enable clients to develop
Participation and progression rates in entrepreneurship modules in HEIS will be tracked to ensure best practice and to support the expansion of successful programmes.
5. 5%Total Early Stage Entrepreneurial Activity GEM 9. 2%Public Attitude to Entrepreneurship GEM 50%Participation rates in competitions/awards Student
Enterprise Awards applications from third level institutions Agencies EI 400 Participation in LEO Best Young Entrepreneur LEO N/A Participation in LEO Student Enterprise
-Number of schools-Number of students LEO 780 29,359%of Females attending Core Training Programmes LEO 57%HUMAN CAPITAL & EDUCATION Numbers in Entrepreneurship Modules
across HEIS DES Unavailable at date of publication Performance across STEM DES Unavailable at date of publication National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland 57 Business Environment & Supports A wide range
Drives the commercialisation of research from higher education research institutions by supporting the development of innovations at all stages of the commercial pipeline to the point where they can be commercialised as new products, services and companies. 2011: 79 Projects 2011:
912 (54.39%)Numbers starting own business n/a n/a Student Enterprise Schools participating (number) 780 593 Applicants/Participants (number) 29,359 23,359
Risk Acceptance Business Risk Start-up Skills Skill Perception Tertiary education Opportunity Perception Opportunity Market Agglomeration Note:
Employment and Investment Incentive scheme GEDI Global Entrepreneurship Development Index GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor HEA Higher education Authority HEI Higher education institutions HBAP Halo Business
the United states ranked just twenty-eighth out of thirty-four nations studied by the OECD in 2010.17 And in terms of government investment in university research, of thirty-nine nations,
and increased support for technical and community colleges, including the National Science Foundation (NSF) Advanced Technical education program. 24 Surface Transportation Infrastructure The United states is facing a surface transportation crisis. The roots of our current crisis lie in our failure to invest, particularly in more and better roads,
and that underinvestment results in lower productivity growth. The federal Highway Trust fund receives $32 billion per year in revenue
exactly as predicted by financial experts PAGE 15 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 like Aswath Damodaran, professor of business at the Stern School of business at New york University.
Luke A. Stewart and Robert D. Atkinson, University Research Funding: Still Lagging and Showing No Signs of Improvement (ITIF, December 2013), http://www2. itif. org/2013-university-research-funding-no-sign-improvement. pdf. 19.
This would increase at the same rate as nominal GDP. 20. Matthew Stepp and Robert D. Atkinson, An Innovation Carbon Price:
Dean Baker, Thoughts on the Chained CPI, Social security and the Budget (Center for Economic and Policy PAGE 20 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 Research
of which are operated for the government by industrial firms, nonprofit research institutes or universities. The 2014 Source-Performer Matrix Performer of R&d Source of Fundssource:
The sequester-associated reductions in 2013 U s. R&d had pronounced a effect on university research activity, among other areas.
As a group, the nation's research universities are the second largest performer of U s. R&d, accounting for 13%of the U s. total,
U s. universities continue to lead world rankings. ARRA funding for academia has expired. Funding Trends & Outlook In response to the 2009-2010 recession,
The scale of university research activity is indicated by 2011 spending, which is the most recent year for
the University of Wisconsin at Madison (including WARF), Duke university, the University of California at San diego and the Massachusetts institute of technology (including Lincoln Laboratory).
At the system level, the University of California and the University of Texas topped the list, accounting for $5. 4 billion and $2. 5 billion in research, respectively.
Looking ahead, funding at these institutions will continue to be among the $63 billion expected to be spent on U s. academic research in 2014
Sequestration impacting U s. universities Strong Position Masks Emerging Concerns The Times Higher education (THE) World University rankings reflect continued leadership of U s. educational institutions
S. U s. U s. Standing Among World's Top Universities Source: Times Higher education rankings Despite this positive track record, the U s. academic research enterprise faces challenges, many of which were expressed as concerns by researchers responding to the survey on
which this forecast is based partly: Effect of reduced U s. federal R&d funding (84%.%Insufficient R&d budget to accomplish goals (66%.
Among the responses to these concerns is a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences entitled Research Universities and the Future of America,
which makes ten recommendations that recognize the association between university research and U s. prosperity and security.
In Their Own Words Comment from the Battelle/R&d Magazine Global Researcher Survey Over the coming years, it will be increasingly critical to clarify the role of universities and their relationship to corporations in technology development.
both in terms of the university teaching mission and the research carried out at universities. If universities are expected to perform as for-profit companies,
driven by short-term returns on investment, then the foundations upon which major high-risk scientific discoveries are made will eventually erode.
although European universities are regarded well in global standings. Survey results indicate that U s. applied research is viewed more favorably than Europe,
European universities place second only to U s. universities in the latest Times Higher education World Rankings,
with about 71 European universities ranked in the Top 400, compared to 77 U s. universities.
THE rankings are based on 13 performance indicators in areas involving teaching research, knowledge transfer and global outlook.
The U k. had the largest number of European universities in the top 400 list with 29.
Universities have become increasingly important sources of innovation and collaboration in life science research in applied areas like drug discovery,
The federal government, through grants, tax incentives and R&d at DOE national laboratories and extramural academic institutions, plays an integral and often technology-leading role in the research directions of the U s. energy industry,
with the majority coming from academic institutions, but with applied research, including clinical and translational biomedical research,
Battelle, R&d Magazine Basic Research Applied Research Development Consulting & Other Total Academia/University 29%25%1%1%56%Research Institute
and likewise the same as university and government R&d. While there are differences in the research being undertaken,
and promote policy learning. Building upon the experience gained and results obtained during the implementation of the RIM in the period 2010-2012,
Aligning the supply of graduates with the demand of the regional labour market necessitates actions that target the improvement of the curricula, the services and the research capacities of the relevant higher education institutions.
Policy support contributed to higher education institutions'capacity upgrading and has intensified their linkage building with industrial companies.
on/Training and Lifelong Learning Infrastructure Macroeconomic stability Ins: tu: ons WIDER FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS Employment in 2 and 3 star clusters Specialisa:
Although most of the research centres (and of the researchers) are in the public sector or in public universities,
R&d-intensive MNC subsidiaries, indigenous enterprises and R&d performers and services providers (the region's universities) could all benefit from an unprecedented volume of support.
and collaborate with universities received generous support, which definitely intensified these activities. Universities'research infrastructure was renewed and extended:
expensive research 5 The source of all data in this section is the Hungarian Central Statistical Office,
and ensure thereby a predictable source of income to universities and provide at the same time opportunities for them to engage in innovation collaboration with industry actors.
There are a number of corporate research departments in this industry that collaborate with the Széchenyi University-based centres of excellence.
this industry features the most intensive industry university collaborations. Another notable industry in the region is the wood industry.
The key related actor in WT's innovation ecosystem is the Natural resources Research Centre of the University of West Hungary,
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Higher education R&d(%GDP) HU22 HU EU27 0. 00%0. 10%0. 20%0
Intensify regional universities'market-oriented R&d activities, including R&d services provision, collaborative R&d with industry;
One of the most important obstacles of an innovation-driven renewal is the scarcity of highly skilled human resources, especially of graduates in engineering, mathematics and natural sciences.
It is indispensable to align the supply of graduates with the demand of the regional labour market,
which necessitates the continuous improvement of the relevant higher education institutions'curricula as well as their student services. Higher education institutions'research capacities needs to be improved further
and research undertakings should be incorporated better in institutions'educational curricula. At the same time well-devised incentives should be elaborated to channel additional students to these faculties.
The third challenge is to improve the commercialisation of research results in the region, and enhance the market-oriented character of research undertakings.
Consequently the reluctance of industry representatives to engage in collaborative innovation undertakings with university-based research performers needs to be overcome by well-targeted incentives.
Universities'technology transfer offices should be strengthened and better integrated in universities'research ecosystems. Meeting this challenge also necessitates the restructuring of the mix of innovation policy measures that are currently excessively supply-oriented.
More policy measures ought to target demand (market for technology and entrepreneurship (start-up and spin-off formation.
of the region's higher education and research facilities; and of innovation services providers still figure high among the policy objectives.
or industry-university-specific collaborative innovation, support 20 Regional Innovation Monitor Plus to the development of incubation and innovation management services,
3) development of higher education institutions'infrastructural, organisational and R&d capacities; 4) innovation collaboration. A large number of beneficiaries (251) 17 received support from a measure that facilitated business enterprises'investment in new technology:‘
)‘ Support to ICT-based research and higher education'(number of regional beneficiaries: 2). Some policy measures targeted human resources development:‘
)‘ Support to regional and sectoral collaboration of higher education institutions'(number of regional beneficiaries: 3);‘)‘ Support to the development of higher education institutions'curricula in mathematics, engineering,
natural sciences and information technology'(number of regional beneficiaries: 3). Several other innovation-specific support measures were incorporated in the Enterprise Development Programme of the New Széchenyi Plan.
‘Support to public education institutions'services provision aiming to develop creative industries-related basic competencies'triggered creative responses from local stakeholders,
who developed new types of courses for different generations (children, students, young adults etc.)(the number of regional beneficiaries was 15.
The‘Constructive Communities'programme (22 regional beneficiaries) fostered the development and introduction of new forms of learning.
Lifelong learning and digital education were promoted by the measure‘Knowledge Depo Express'that fostered services development to enhance the digital competencies of the underprivileged.
and the Human resources Development OP contains the priority of investment in higher education institutions'infrastructure and human resources development).
3. Research infrastructures 3. 2. Training and lifelong learning of researchers and any other personnel involved in innovation €5. 5m National Development Agency http://ec. europa
The presence of higher education institutions and the substantial development of their research infrastructure; the intensifying industry-university linkages and the availability of dedicated support to innovation collaboration have led to the emergence of foreign investors'strategic asset seeking motivations in the 2000s.
These new motivations have prompted several investors to increase their local commitment and upgrade their existing facilities.
In collaboration with its industry partners, it organises R&d-projects based education and training for the region's engineering students.
Companies can thereby get an impression about students'abilities and these students may later find a job at the given companies.
This initiative received support from the Social Renewal Operational Programme in 2013 under the programme (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education.
19 Over the past years, the R&d-intensity of the region evolved from a position at the top of‘modest R&d-intensive regions'towards the one of a‘moderate R&d-intensive region'.
Regional Innovation Monitor Plus 27 Regional higher education institutions are important actors from the point of view of AM.
Széchenyi University in Gyor is a key stakeholder in AM-specific policy implementation. AM-related priorities are present both in the regional smart specialisation strategy and in county-level strategies.
'A third measure targeted industry university innovation collaboration (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education.
In 2013 for example, support was allocated within the framework of this latter measure (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education) among others to a machinery
and mechatronics-oriented consortium (with several regional higher education institutions) and to Széchenyi University that formed a consortium with its automotive partners.
As for policy learning, the evaluation report prepared by KPMG in 2013 (Evaluation of the programme:‘
One exception is the previously detailed call (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education)
including the Regional Development Agency, Pannon Business Network Association, Chamber of commerce and Industry of Gyor-Moson-Sopron County, three regional universities (Széchenyi University, University of West
Hungary, Pannon University (a Keszthely-faculty). When asked about good practice cases, regional stakeholders usually mentioned the PRACTING initiative that combines AM-specific objectives with another policy field that is highly relevant for the region's knowledge-based upgrading:
the practice-oriented education of the region's undergraduate students in engineering and also in other disciplines.
In the framework of this scheme, students in Széchenyi University spend a praxis semester at a company.
Companies that participate in the scheme offer tutorial services for the students'thesis work (the topic is proposed by the company)
Additionally, company representatives deliver courses at the university and finance investments in the university's research infrastructure.
and 29 foreign companies) that offered practice oriented education to altogether 1450 students (Kardos, 2011).
An AM-specific, policy supported initiative that can be considered a good practice case is the Mobility and Environment Programme of Széchenyi University and Pannon University,
Since the completion of this programme in 2012, Széchenyi University has gained support for several other collaborative research initiatives the implementation
alternative fuels and drive systems (sponsored also by the Social Renewal Operational Programme (incorporated in New Széchenyi Plan's Science and Innovation Programme) and a collaboration project among automotive industry related higher education institutions
(Széchenyi University, University of Miskolc, University of Óbuda, Pannon University and Kecskemét College). This latter project supports the development of consortium members'domestic (with industrial partners) and international linkages, members'collaboration in the field of research and innovation,
Given Széchenyi University's outstanding linkage building efforts and results, i e. its large and diversified portfolio of industrial companies that have over time become strategic partners of the university,
endeavours related to meeting this challenge can also be considered successful. 3. 3 Appraisal of Regional Innovation Policies In a Hungarian context,
such as the promotion of cluster-based collaboration, industry-university innovation collaboration, promotion of start-ups and spin-offs, etc. complemented the traditional supply-oriented ones,
Despite some policy learning the current OP-based innovation promotion system has a number of deficiencies.
Policy support contributed to regional higher education institutions'significant capacity upgrading and has intensified their linkage building with industrial companies.
If universities'investment had ensured thereby long-term research collaboration with industrial partners and guaranteed a sustained source of income to fund the new equipment related research undertakings of both students
and professors/researchers this would have been a logical decision. However, the contracts related to these projects (that were signed between universities
and the Intermediate Bodies of the National Development Agency) were incomplete24. Return on investment was considered not
pricing issues (of the use of the new 24 There is a huge academic literature about the economics of incomplete contracts that leave contracting parties rights
sustainability was taken not into account (universities had no funding to employ a person who operates the research equipment
purchase of low-cost items necessary for research based on the use of this equipment) and sustainability has this become hot issue for the university owners.
Although innovation capacity accumulation is a hard-to-measure phenomenon, the opinion of both the regional correspondent and of some of the interviewed stakeholders is that enormous waste of resources occurred.
At the national level, only aggregate evaluations are investigated available that the‘impact'of policy interventions along broad thematic priorities (e g. evaluation of programmes that supported higher education;
Beneficiaries are located either in convergence regions'large‘university cities 'or in Central Hungary and operate in the machinery industry (25%of the total in February 2013), metal processing (18%);
The measures that supported‘university/public research organisation and industry'-collaboration were considered effective. Some of the conditions of eligibility for support were considered superfluous by the experts who drafted the evaluation report, for example,
2013) addressed support programmes that targeted higher education, including measures that supported the enhancement of these institutions'services;
and investment in higher education institutions-based R&d. The key messages of the report were as follows. Between 2007 and August, 2012, the total amount of support allocated to higher education institutions was HUF250B (€0. 9b.
The number of professors and lecturers who received training was 2, 400 until 2011; the number of implemented R&d projects was 180.
The number of new, Bolognaconform curricula was 1, 000. Additional indicators include 40 patents; 1, 900 publications;
In summary, the Hungarian higher education could benefit from complex infrastructural renewal. The impact of organisational capacity building is reflected by the diffusion of strategic planning practices,
Conversely, the development of curricular content or of student services is hard to measure and evaluate:
long term strategic agreements between the government and the higher education institutions can provide better incentives for and control of these activities than contracts between these institutions and the National Development Agency.
The position of newly established technology transfer offices is usually weak within their universities. Evaluation experts recommended that universities'basic research projects should be addressed separately from applied
and collaborative (industry-university) undertakings and funded from different sources. Regional knowledge centres should not be expected to meet the same criteria as science universities:
the primary task of the former group is to ensure alignment between the supply of graduates and the demand of the regional labour market,
and participate actively in collaborative applied research undertakings with regional industry actors. A third evaluation report (Horváth et al.
2013) investigated the processes and the outcomes of cluster development in Hungary. According to the key messages of the report, policymakers have to identify the key industries that have the potential to stimulate the regional economy
Innovative clusters are more likely to concentrate in innovative areas (e g. in urban, metropolitan regions and near universities),
and involves the accumulation of project application competences, which can later be used again in the case of subsequent tenders.
Since innovation capacity building is a long process necessitating the accumulation of both tangible and intangible assets,
Accumulation of tangible assets to further this objective was facilitated both by the policy measures 1)‘ Complex technology development for micro enterprises
%Analysis of additional documents (newspaper articles, cluster documents, documents of industry university collaboration, the company's website, etc.
In addition to the traditional policy instruments, such as direct support to enterprises'R&d and technology development initiatives, to universities'investment in research infrastructure, to collaborative projects etc. more emphasis is going to be laid on the establishment of competence centres Improvement
Despite a range of policy instruments and programmes targeting the improvement of the infrastructural conditions of higher education, especially in engineering and natural sciences,
Several programmes have been implemented to channel students to engineering studies rather than to humanities or social sciences.
Nevertheless the supply of engineering graduates could not keep up with increasing demand for them. A catch 22 situation:
and promotion of industry-university collaboration were considered more or less successful (by the interviewed stakeholders). Nevertheless, multinational companies'regional embeddedness is still to be improved,
and facilitate existing clusters'accreditation process. At the same time stakeholders'innovation collaboration can be enhanced also through the establishment of competence centres that provide R&d-intensive services to them.
A recent achievement is the development of an electric car (prototype) at Széchenyi University Gyor and its successful testing in urban traffic. 25 In the future,
in particular the past incremental institutional change and institutional capacity accumulation, but also the moderately strengthening innovation-oriented culture, for example the increased recognition of the value of networking and collaboration.
measures addressing the topic of public education and culture. In Hungarian, Available at: http://palyazat. gov. hu/a tamop felsooktatasi kozoktatasi es kulturalis konstrukcioi nak ertekelese 5. Gál, Z. 2013) Public policy aspects of innovation governance.
Kardos, K. 2011) Practice-oreinted engineering education at Széchenyi University in Gyor. In Hungarian, Available at:
2013) Evaluation of programmes targeting higher education. In Hungarian, Available at: http://palyazat. gov. hu/a felsooktatast celzo programok ertekelese 13.
www. kozszov. org. hu/dokumentumok/2011konf/zold nagy viktoria. ppt Appendix B Stakeholders Consulted 1. Tibor ALPÁR, Dean, University of West Hungary, Simonyi Károly
Faculty, Natural resources Innovation Centre (Sopron, 01.07.2014). 2. Zoltán FARSANG, innovation manager, Pannon Novum, Regional Innovation Agency (Szombathely, 02.07.2014). 3. András
). 5. János RECHNITZER, Professor, Széchenyi University Gyor, Institute for Regional Studies, MTA KRTK, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Gyor,
Higher education/Training and Lifelong Learning 69,00 67,86 70,07 2010 RCI 98,5 101,7 Labour market efficiency 47,00 40,86 55,03 2010 RCI 85,4 115,0
, 03 0, 19 0, 25 2011 Eurostat 12,0 15,8 Higher education R&d(%GDP) 0, 25 0, 25 0, 48 2011 Eurostat 52
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