2 The 2 013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 22 Acknowledgements This 2013 EU Survey on Industrial R&d Investment Trends has been published within the context of the Industrial Research Monitoring
and Analysis (IRMA) activities that are carried jointly out by the European commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC)- Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) and the Directorate General for Research-Directorate C, Research
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged 3 33 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends Table of contents Table of contents...
9 2 R&d Investment Expectations...11 3 R&d Investment Location...15 4 Country Attractiveness for R&d...
18 5 R&d and Innovation...29 6 Intellectual Property rights...31 7 Annex A: The Methodology of the 2013 Survey...
The R&d Investment Questionnaire...39 4 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 44 5 5 55 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends
Key Findings This report presents the main findings of the eighth survey on industrial Research & development (R&d) investment trends.
It analyses the 172 responses of mainly large firms from a subsample of 1000 EU-based companies in the 2012 EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard1.
In total, the 172 responding companies are responsible for R&d investment of almost € 62 billion.
This is equivalent to around 41%of the total R&d investment by the 1000 EU Scoreboard companies.
The main findings of the survey are as follows: R&d investment expectations Between 2013-15, the responding companies expect to increase their R&d investments by 2. 6%on average per year.
Due to decreased expectations in the automobiles & parts sector, this is a third lower than in the previous survey.
Seven companies in the automobiles & parts sector, constituting 40%of the R&d investment of the sample,
expect their R&d investment to stagnate between 2013-15. This concerns mainly their R&d investments in the EU and compares to much more robust growth observed in our previous surveys (5%).In contrast,
the overall expectations of all the other companies in the sample show a more positive outlook for industrial R&d at exactly the same global level as in past year's survey (4%).For some sectors,
the expected R&d investment changes have increased compared to our previous surveys: electronic & electrical equipment (9%p. a. over the next three years), general industrials (7%),construction & materials (7%),pharmaceuticals & biotechnology (4),
Expected changes of R&d investment of the surveyed companies 2013-15, p. a. Note: p. a. per annum Source:
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) R&d investment location The responding companies carry out a quarter of their R&d outside the EU. The EU-based companies in the sample carry out a quarter of their R&d outside the EU, similar to our previous surveys.
The largest share of R&d investment outside the EU is in the US and Canada (10%),followed by rest of the world (5%),China (4%),Japan (2%),other European countries (2),
%and India (1%).Altogether, the shares of R&d investment carried out in China and India remain at a stable 5,
%which is relatively low in the light of globalisation. 1 These are based 405 EU companies of the world top 1500 companies in the 2012 Scoreboard and 595 additional companies from the EU with an R&d investment. above 5. 26
Million euros in 2011.5%0%5%10%Software & Computer Services Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology Technology Hardware & Equipment Health care Equipment & Services Electronic & Electrical Equipment General
p. a. 6 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 66 Their expectations for R&d investment for the next three years show continued participation of European
companies in the global economy, in particular growth opportunities in emerging economies, while maintaining an R&d focus in the EU. Low expectations for R&d in the EU (1%p. a. in 2013-15) are due to the outlook of seven automobiles
& parts companies constituting 40%of the total sample R&d. Their expectations are substantially lower than in the past:
Growth of R&d investment of EU Scoreboard and Survey companies and passenger vehicle production in Western europe Note:
e expected growth for the companies in the 2013 Survey*past R&d investment growth for 31 companies in the 2013 Scoreboard Source:
Rightsizing Europe The European car crisis and implications for automotive suppliers, March 2013 Besides the drop of R&d investment expectations by these companies in the EU, they however intend to participate in market growth outside the EU, especially in expanding
However, this would only partly compensate for the above R&d investment decreases in the EU. The expectations from the automobiles & parts sector for R&d in the EU contrast with much higher growth expectations for the non-EU regions, especially China
Without these seven companies, the expected R&d investment growth in the EU would be somewhat higher (3%p. a. over the next three years.
Much higher R&d investment increases are expected also in some non-EU world countries: India (15%),China (9%),US and Canada (6%).Country attractiveness for R&d Two thirds of the European companies in the sample state their home country as the most attractive location for R&d.
Just as these observations for locating R&d investment the US, Germany, China and India were the most attractive for outsourcing R&d to other companies.
the respondents state that knowledge-sharing and collaboration opportunities with universities and public research organisations, quality and quantity of R&d personnel in the labour market, proximity to other company sites,
innovation demand via product market regulation or public procurement were not so relevant for R&d attractiveness.
Knowledge-sharing and collaboration opportunities are an important factor of country attractiveness not only for companies.
& parts sector R&d investment of the surveyed companies production of passenger vehicles in Western europe 7 7 77 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends organisations
quality of R&d personnel and knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities and public organisations are stated most frequently among the top three.
Then follow proximity to technology poles & incubators (Sweden Austria and Denmark) and quantity of R&d personnel (France, Italy and Poland.
innovation demand (via product market regulation (Finland, UK and Italy), public procurement (Belgium and Poland), market size (Austria and Denmark), market growth (France),
and public R&d support (via fiscal incentives (Germany and Sweden) and via financing other non-R&d investments (Spain and Italy)).
the proximity factor is leading before knowledge sharing opportunities and R&d personnel. The respondents considered the US a more attractive site for R&d activity than the EU especially in terms of market size and growth,
especially fiscal incentives, financing other (non-R&d) investments and loans and guarantees, are rated the lowest factors of attractiveness for both the EU and US.
for the EU geographic proximity to other company sites and technology poles & incubators is a factor for attractiveness.
For the EU countries, quality of R&d personnel, knowledge sharing opportunities, IPR issues and public R&d support stand out as factors for attractiveness.
%The distribution of collaboration agreements as a source of knowledge is very similar to that of R&d investment in general.
%compared to the medium (65%)and low R&d intensity ones (78%).8 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 88 9 99 The 2013 EU
SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 1 Introduction Investment in research and innovation is at the heart of Europe 2020,
which continues to afflict many EU economies, but to address the shortcomings of its growth model
3 which includes a 3%EU headline target for Research & development (R&d) investment intensity. 4 R&d investments from the private sector,
The survey complements IRIMA's core activity, the EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard 7 which analyses private R&d investments based on the audited annual accounts of companies and shows ex-post trends.
The present survey is an additional instrument addressing the Scoreboard companies which collects ex-ante expectations and qualitative statements.
and issues influencing R&d investment by firms. The present survey focuses on the R&d investment expectations for 2013, the R&d location strategies, the relationship between R&d and innovation,
and R&d knowledge sharing activities. R&d investment in the surveys refers to the total amount of R&d financed by the company
regardless of where or by whom it was performed. This excludes R&d financed by governments or other companies as well as the companies'share of any associated company or joint venture R&d investment.
It includes research contracted out to other companies or public research organisations, e g. Universities. The survey reports
which appear in the 2012 EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard and to five industrial associations for distribution among their members.
These 172 companies are responsible for a total global R&d investment of € 62 billion, which corresponds to 41%of the total R&d investment by the 1000 European Scoreboard companies. 2 See:
European commission: Europe 2020: A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth: http://ec. europa. eu/eu2020/index en. htm. 3 The Innovation Union flagship aims at strengthening knowledge and innovation as drivers of future growth by refocusing R&d
and private) R&d investment approaching 3%of GDP (see: http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020/pdf/targets en. pdf). 5 The Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era flagship aims at improving the business environment, notably for SMES,
and supporting the development of a strong and sustainable industrial foundation for global competition. 6 See:
http://iri. jrc. ec. europa. eu/.The activity is undertaken jointly by the Directorate General for Research (DG RTD C,
The Methodology of the 2012 Survey. 10 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 1010 Table 1 below shows the responses received by sector group and
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) In terms of both R&d investment and numbers of responses, most came from companies in the medium R&d intensity sector group.
This is different from our previous surveys where most R&d investment in the survey sample used to come from high R&d intensity companies.
In comparison to the R&d investment composition of the 2012 Scoreboard (Figure 3), the high R&d intensity sectors are represented more than the medium and low ones.
Distribution of R&d investment in the survey compared to the Scoreboard Note: The figure refers to all 172 companies in the sample.
the response rate of repeating participants was more than 50%.13 11 R&d intensity is the ratio between R&d investment and net sales.
medium and large enterprises) across all EU Member States. 13 Out of the 172 responding companies,
Technology Hardware & Equipment, Software & Computer Services, and Health care Equipment & Services 49 47%Medium R&d intensity Industrial Engineering, Electronic & Electrical Equipment, Automobiles & Parts, Chemicals, Aerospace & Defence, General Industrials
, Household Goods & Home Construction, Food Producers, Travel & Leisure, Financial services, Fixed Line Telecommunications, Alternative energy, Support Services, Equity Investment Instruments,
and Personal Goods 78 39%Low R&d intensity Construction & Materials, Electricity, Industrial Metals & Mining, Forestry & Paper, Banks, Oil & Gas Producers, Industrial
%56%11%1000 EU Scoreboard companies 11 11 1111 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends
2 R&d Investment Expectations For the coming years 2013-15, the responding companies expect to increase their R&d investments by 2. 6%on average per year. 14 This is about a third lower than the increase expected in last year's survey.
and constitute 40%of the R&d investment of the sample. Their outlook was compared significantly lower to the past(-0. 7%p. a. for 2013-15 vs. around 5%in our two previous surveys
) Without the automobiles & parts sector, the overall R&d investment expectations would be at the same level as observed in past year's survey (4)
%.While that level is a positive outlook for corporate R&d above the nominal EU GDP growth estimates at 1. 4%for 2013 and 1. 9%for 2014,15 the R&d investment expectations are not yet at the levels
Expected changes in R&d investment in the next three years, per annum, in real terms Note: The figure refers to 143 out of the 172 companies in the sample,
weighted by R&d investment. Source: European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) For sectors with at least five responses, Figure 5 below compares the respondents'2013-15 expected R&d investment changes with the expectations of our two previous surveys
for 2012-14 and 2011-13.16 14 The expectations are per annum over the next three years,
weighted by R&d investment. 15 See the European commission's Autumn 2013 economic forecast: Gradual recovery, external risks, IP/13/1025 of 05/11/2013, http://europa. eu/rapid/press-release ip-13-1025 en. htm. 16 The samples
R&d investment changes, p. a. sector group medium R&d intensity sector without automobiles & parts 12 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business
Expected changes in R&d investment in the current and previous two surveys, p. a. Note:
weighted by R&d investment. Only for sectors with at least five responses. Source: European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) For some sectors, the expected R&d investment changes are higher than in our previous surveys:
electronic & electrical equipment (9. 2%p. a. over the next three years), general industrials (7. 2%),industrial engineering (5. 5%)and construction & materials
In the high R&d intensity group, expected R&d investment changes from pharmaceuticals & biotechnology (4. 4%)and technology hardware & equipment (3. 6%)are slightly above those of last year's survey
health care equipment & services (2. 2%p. a. over the next three years), chemicals (4. 3),
-5%0%5%10%15%Software & Computer Services Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology Technology Hardware & Equipment Health care Equipment & Services Electronic & Electrical Equipment General
R&d changes in the second-last survey*2013-15 expected R&d changes by responding companies 13 13 1313 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends Box 1:
Expected changes in R&d investment in the automobiles & parts sector The nine EU-based companies from the automobiles & parts sector which provided expectations constitute 40%of the sample R&d.
Growth of R&d investment and passenger vehicle production and sales in Western europe Note: e expected growth for the companies in the 2013 Survey*past R&d investment growth of the surveyed companies in the Scoreboard Source:
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) and Roland Berger: Rightsizing Europe The European car crisis and implications for automotive suppliers, March 2013 Besides the drop of R&d investment expectations by these companies in the EU, they however intend to participate in market growth outside the EU, especially in expanding
markets like China and India. As shown in Figure 7 below for China, their expected R&d investment changes are inline to the expected vehicle sales outlook for the next years,
thus expanding their R&d capacities there. However, this would only partly compensate for the above R&d investment decreases in the EU. Figure 7:
Growth of R&d investment of EU Scoreboard and Survey companies and passenger vehicle production in Western europe Note:
e expected Source: European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) and Roland Berger: Rightsizing Europe The European car crisis and implications for automotive suppliers, March 2013 17 See Roland Berger:
sector R&d investment of the surveyed companies production of passenger vehicles in Western europe sales of passenger vehicles in Western europe 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 2012
& parts companies in China R&d investment of the 9 surveyed companies in China passenger vehicles sales outlook in China 14 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business
Trends 1414 A link between the R&d investment figures of the responding companies and past company performance
in terms of operating profit or net sales was not found for these companies. As well as for the EU companies examined here,
also for US companies the 2013 outlook for R&d investment changes has been reduced to 2. 3%18 due to more moderate growth dynamics compared to the previous period. 19 The comparison of R&d investment
growth expectations collected in our past surveys with the past R&d investment trends observed in the Scoreboard is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8:
weighted by R&d investment and to 568 out of the EU-1000 companies in the 2013 Scoreboard.
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) For most of the previous years, the trends of the R&d investment expectations reported in our past surveys were in line with the actual follow-up trends observed in the Scoreboards.
which has a slightly different defintion compared to R&d investment as defined here. 19 See:
the trends were statistically significant at least at the 98%level. 21 For the latest EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard see:
The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 3 R&d Investment Location R&d location is analysed in the survey both as the current distribution (stock) of R&d investment
and the distribution of the expected changes in R&d investment (dynamics. The current distribution in terms of shares of total R&d investment in each of the seven world regions is displayed in Figure 9 below.
Figure 9: Distribution of R&d investment by world region and sector group Note: The figure refers to 136 out of the 172 EU companies in the sample,
weighted by R&d investment. Other EU countries include Switzerland, Norway and others, while the rest of the world includes a heterogeneous set of countries such as South korea, Taiwan, and Brazil.
Source: European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) The EU-based companies in the sample carry out a quarter of their R&d outside the EU (24%.
The largest share of R&d investment outside the EU is in the US and Canada (9. 8%),followed by rest of the world (4. 8%),China (3. 6%),Japan (1. 9%),other European countries (1. 6),
%and India (1. 4%).Taken together, the shares of R&d investment carried out in China and India are in total 5,
the location distribution of R&d investment per sector groups is also similar to that seen in previous surveys.
The medium R&d intensity sector accounts for the largest share of R&d investment within the EU (82.5%),mainly due to companies from the automobiles & parts sector.
22 are internationalised the most ones outside the EU. Twenty per cent of their R&d investment is in the US and Canada which,
the R&d investment share of high R&d intensity sectors is almost twice that of the EU for US companies,
The 2012 EU R&d Investment Scoreboard. 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%EU other European countries US and Canada Japan China India Rest
of the World share of R&d investment for the companies in the sample world region high R&d intensity medium R&d intensity low R&d intensity 16 The 2013 EU
SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 1616 Figure 10 below reveals the expectations for R&d investment growth in the different world regions by sector group for the overall average of 2
Expected changes in R&d investment in the next three years, per annum, in real terms, by world region and sector group Note:
weighted by R&d investment and after elimination of outliers. Other EU countries include Switzerland, Norway and others,
Relatively low growth is expected for R&d investment in the EU (1. 2%p. a. over the next three years, a similar level like that of our 2008 survey.
Without the seven companies in the automobiles & parts sector, the expected R&d investment growth in the EU would be higher (2. 9%p. a. over the next three years.
%and the US and Canada (6. 4%).Expectations for Japan, the rest of the world and other European countries lie at 2%or lower and are combined with a relatively low share in total R&d investment,
%In the high R&d intensity sectors, pharmaceuticals & biotechnology and software & computer services are the drivers of expectations in the US and Canada, China and India.
Companies from that sector, on the other hand, are expecting important R&d investment increases in other European countries and India.
-10%0%10%20%30%EU other European countries US and Canada Japan China India Rest of the World expected nominal R&d investment changes
average per world region 17 17 1717 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends In case the above pattern of R&d investment expectations materialises, this would lead to a future
reduction of R&d investment shares in the EU together with growing shares in the US and Canada, China and India (Figure 11.
R&d investment shares in 2012 and expected in 2015, by world region Note: The figure refers to 111 out of the 172 EU companies in the sample,
weighted by R&d investment and after elimination of outliers. Other EU countries include Switzerland, Norway and others,
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) Generally higher percentages of R&d investment growth outside the EU have been observed in four of our six previous surveys within a similar range23
The decreasing shares of R&d invested in the EU occur within an overall increase in R&d investment amounts in all world regions over the coming years.
The expected nominal investment increases inside the EU are in a similar magnitude like those outside the EU (around € 1. 2 bn over three years.
In other words, the expected R&d investment growth is distributed not according to the existing R&d investment distribution in 2012,
and reflects the increasing participation of European companies in the global economy, and in particular emerging economies,
while they retain their R&d focus in the EU. It also indicates that the gap between R&d invested by the surveyed companies in the EU
where R&d investment was expected to stagnate due to the impact of the economic and financial crisis in autumn 2008.0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%EU other European countries US and Canada Japan China
India Rest of the World share of R&d investment for the companies in the sample world region 2012 present distribution 2015 expected distribution 18 1818 The 2013 EU
SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 4 Country Attractiveness for R&d The above considerations on the geographic distribution of R&d investment are addressed further by country-specific questions on the most attractive location for R&d,
while expansion to countries like China or India is a way to tap into growing growth opportunities outside the EU. 24 As observed in the 2010 and 2008 surveys,
Investment Business Trends Countries considered the most attractive location for R&d outsourcing A ranking of countries was requested also from the respondents concerning the three most attractive locations for outsourcing R&d to other companies.
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) Just as the above observations for locating R&d investment, the US, India, Germany and China were the most attractive for outsourcing R&d to other companies. 0 10 20
The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 2020 Attractiveness of the two countries where the company has the highest volumes of R&d activity The respondents were asked also to state the attractiveness of the two countries
and, as non-EU countries playing an important role for R&d investment expansion, China and India. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Germany US France United kingdom Italy Sweden Finland Spain Portugal Belgium Denmark
21 21 2121 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends For the countries where the companies have the highest volumes of R&d activity in Figure 14 above,
Above average attractiveness was stated for knowledge-sharing and collaboration opportunities with universities and public research organisations, quality and quantity of R&d personnel in the labour market, proximity to other company sites,
Knowledge-sharing and collaboration opportunities are an important factor of country attractiveness not only for companies.
services or processes. 26 See the 2013 European Research Area Progress report, pp. 29 http://ec. europa. eu/research/era/pdf/era progress report2013/era progress report2013. pdf 27 See the Knowledge Transfer Study 2010-2012,
& incubators suppliers enforcement conditions time to obtain protection costs market size via product market regulation market growth via public procurement grants
& direct funding fiscal incentives public-private partnerships financing other investments loans & guarantees Knowle dgesharing opport unities R&d personnel Proximity Innovation demand IPR to Public R&d support country attractiveness very high very low 22 The 2013
EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 2222 Attractiveness of EU countries This section analyses the average attractiveness of eleven EU countries for
which statements from at least five respondents were obtained. 28 The non-EU countries for which more than five responses were obtained are analysed in the next section. 29 Table 2 below shows the top three and the lowest attractiveness factor for each of the EU countries.
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) Quality of R&d personnel and knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities and public organisations are stated most frequently among the top three factors for attractiveness in these countries (11
Then follow proximity to technology poles & incubators (Sweden, Austria and Denmark) and quantity of R&d personnel (France, Italy and Poland, 3 statements each.
Will Dearth of Experts Starve German Economy? Der spiegel, 19 april 2013, http://www. spiegel. de/international/business/lack-of-skilled labor-could-pose-future-threat-to-german-economy-a-894116. html country (number of statements
) average rating most attractive second most attractive third most attractive least attractive Finland (8) 3, 35 quality of R&d personnel knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities
& public organisations quantity of R&d personnel innovation demand via product market regulation Germany (46) 3, 29 quality of R&d personnel knowledge-sharing opportunities
with universities & public organisations proximity to other company sites public R&d support via fiscal incentives France (25) 3
22 public R&d support via fiscal incentives quality of R&d personnel quantity of R&d personnel innovation demand via market growth United kingdom (13) 3, 15
knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities & public organisations quality of R&d personnel proximity to other company sites innovation demand via product market regulation Sweden (12
) 3, 14 quality of R&d personnel proximity to technology poles & incubators knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities & public organisations public R&d support via fiscal incentives
Austria (6) 3, 14 knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities & public organisations quality of R&d personnel proximity to technology poles & incubators innovation demand via market
12 public R&d support via fiscal incentives quality of R&d personnel proximity to suppliers public R&d support via financing other (non-R&d) investments Denmark
(8) 3, 09 quality of R&d personnel proximity to technology poles & incubators knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities & public organisations innovation demand via market size
Belgium (7) 3, 06 quality of R&d personnel IPR enforcement conditions knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities & public organisations innovation demand via public procurement
Italy (12) 3, 00 quality of R&d personnel quantity of R&d personnel knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities & public organisations financing other (non-R&d) investments
79 labour costs of R&d personnel quality of R&d personnel quantity of R&d personnel innovation demand via public procurement 23 23 2323 The 2013 EU
SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends The list of the least attractive factors centres around innovation demand (via product market regulation (Finland, UK and Italy), public procurement (Belgium and Poland), market
market growth (France)) and public R&d support (via fiscal incentives (Germany and Sweden) and via financing other non-R&d investments (Spain and Italy)).
Figure 16 on the next page shows the country ratings for the individual factors in more detail. 24 2424 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends Figure 16:
& incubators other company sites suppliers enforcement conditions time to obtain protection costs grants & direct funding fiscal incentives public-private partnerships loans & guarantees financing other investments market size via product market regulation market growth via public procurement Knowledge-sharing opportunities
R&d personnel Proximity to IPR Public R&d support Innovation demand attractiveness rating Finland (8 statements) Germany (46) France (25) United kingdom (13
) Sweden (12) Austria (6) Spain (9) Denmark (8) Belgium (7) Italy (12) Poland (6) very high very low 25 2525 The 2013 EU
SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends Attractiveness of EU countries vs. the US Considering the possibility
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) Geographic proximity is now the leading factor before knowledge sharing opportunities and R&d personnel.
especially fiscal incentives, financing other (non-R&d) investments and loans and guarantees, are rated the lowest factors of attractiveness for both the EU
and US. 1 2 3 4 5 other company sites technology poles & incubators suppliers with universities & public organisations with other firms quality quantity
& direct funding fiscal incentives financing other investments loans & guarantees Proximity to Knowledg e-sharing opportuni Public R&d support Innovation demand IPR R&d personnel ties country attractiveness EU US very high
very low 26 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 2626 Attractiveness of EU countries vs.
China and India Figure 17 below compares the attractiveness of EU countries as one of the places with the biggest R&d volume to China and India as the second biggest one for 11 actual cases.
Proximity is on average the most important factor here, in the case for China and India related to suppliers and for the EU to other company sites and technology poles & incubators.
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) For the EU countries, quality of R&d personnel, knowledge sharing opportunities, IPR issues and public R&d support stand out as factors for attractiveness.
& incubators quality quantity labour costs of R&d personnel with universities & public organisations with other firms market size market growth via product market regulation via public procurement enforcement conditions costs time to obtain protection grants
& direct funding fiscal incentives loans & guarantees financing other investments public-private partnerships Proximity to R&d personnel Knowledg e-sharing opportun Public R&d support
IPR Innovation demand ities country attractivenesseu China and India very high very low 27 27 2727 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends Attractiveness
of the country where the company has the highest vs. the second highest volume of R&d activity Our questionnaire asked for a pairwise comparison of the two countries where the company has the highest volumes of R&d activity.
However, the picture changes when it comes to innovation demand. The market with the second highest volume of R&d activities (country B) is more attractive with respect to market growth
norms & standards costs of protection IPR conditions IPR time to obatain protection suppliers other company sites technology poles & incubators quantity of R&d personnel
labour costs quality of R&d personnel financing other (non-R&d) investments public-private partnerships loans
and guarantees fiscal incentives grants and direct funding with other firms with universities & public research organisations Innovation demand via IPR Proximity to R&d personal Public R&d support
Collab oratio n Country A more attractive Country B more attractive 28 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment
Business Trends 2828 29 2929 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 5 R&d and Innovation Survey participants have been asked to state which R&d efforts are important
services or processes. 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%inside the EU in non-EU countries inside the EU in non
or highly relevant high R&d intensity medium R&d intensity low R&d intensity 30 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 3030 Purchasing
combined for the respective activities inside and outside the EU). Comparing different outsourcing opportunities, those R&d efforts that are outsourced to companies within Europe (40.7%)are more important than those activities that are outsourced towards non-European countries (25.6%).
China and India play as R&d outsourcing location. 31 3131 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 6 Intellectual Property rights The Commission's Innovation
Similar to the previous section on the distribution of R&d investment per world region, the survey respondents are asked further to estimate the share of total knowledge sourcing through R&d collaboration agreements with other firms located in different
on R&d Investment Business Trends 3232 Figure 22: Share of knowledge sourcing through R&d collaboration agreements with other firms by world region Note:
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) The distribution of collaboration agreements as a source of knowledge is very similar to that of R&d investment in general.
collaboration agreements knowledge sourcing in high R&d intensity medium R&d intensity low R&d intensity 33 3333 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment
and monitor the 3%R&d investment intensity target of the Lisbon strategy. At that time, empirical evidence on private-sector R&d was scarce and official statistics on R&d and innovation,
and innovation activities in order to support the implementation and monitoring of the European research and innovation agenda (the Innovation Union flagship, set in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy aiming at a smarter, greener and more inclusive economy).
and influencing companies'current and prospective R&d investment strategies. The survey complements other R&d investment related surveys and data collection exercises (e g.
Innobarometer, Eurostat data collection and other ongoing surveys. Link to the R&d Investment Scoreboards The EU R&d survey is part of the Industrial Research
and Innovation Monitoring and Analysis (IRIMA) initiative35 and complements the EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard. 36 The Scoreboard is the main IRIMA product
and serves as a tool for the European commission to monitor and analyse company R&d investment trends,
and to benchmark, inform and communicate developments in R&d investment patterns. While the Scoreboard is audited based on the annual accounts of companies and therefore looks at trends ex-post,
the Survey improves the understanding of the Scoreboard companies by collecting (ex-ante) information. In addition to forward-looking perspectives on future investments
issues such as location strategies, drivers and barriers to research and innovation activities, or perception of policy support measures are addressed with a questionnaire agreed between JRC-IPTS and DG-RTD.
The Survey makes efficient use of the direct contacts established with the European Scoreboard companies by adding-on to the Scoreboard mailing
and monitor the 3%R&d investment intensity target of the Lisbon strategy("Investing in research:
an action plan for Europe"(COM, 2003)) and in further Communications of the Commission("More Research and Innovation Investing for Growth and Employment A common approach",COM (2005) 488 final,"Implementing the Community
http://iri. jrc. ec. europa. eu/research/scoreboard. htm). 34 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 3434 Methodology Outliers
Unless otherwise stated, the weighted figures presented in this report are weighted by R&d investment. To improve response rates,
the number of 35 35 3535 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends R&d Investment Definition The objective of the survey is to address R&d investment,
and not R&d expenditure, due to its direct link to the Innovation Union headline target of 3%R&d intensity for overall R&d investment of a country as a share of GDP.
To make the survey as easy to complete as possible and to maximise the response rate, only a short definition of R&d investment,
46 based on the OECD Frascati manual, 47 and the definition used in the EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboards.
pharmaceuticals & biotechnology, technology hardware & equipment, software & computer services, health care equipment & services,
& home construction, oil equipment, services & distribution, other financials, personal goods, beverages, and tobacco.
Table 3 shows the distribution of the responses among the sectors with their respective R&d investment shares. responses received per day of the response period has doubled almost,
Frascati Manual, OECD, Paris, 2002, http://www1. oecd. org/publications/e-book/9202081e. PDF 48 ICB Industry Classification Benchmark (see:
http://www. icbenchmark. com/docs/ICB STRUCTURESHEET 120104. pdf) 36 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 3636 Table 3:
*For confidentiality reasons, R&d investment shares of individual sectors are shown in ranges and only shown for sectors with at least four responses.**
As in previous editions of this survey the biggest share of R&d investment in the sample came from the high R&d intensity sectors (see also Figure 3 of the section on R&d Investment Expectations.
European commission JRC-IPTS (2013) ICB Sector Number of responses Number of Scoreboard companies Response rate by sector Total R&d investment share compared to the Scoreboard*R&d intensity
sector group**Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology 24 108 22.2%above 40%High technology Hardware & Equipment 10 47 21.3%above 40%High Software & Computer Services 8
106 7. 5%below 20%High Health care Equipment & Services 7 34 20.6%between 20 and 40%High other high R&d-intensity sectors 0
172 100%37 37 3737 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends The highest number of responses came from companies located in the three biggest Member States.
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/enterprise policy/sme definition/index en. htm). Among the large companies in the sample, 56 had between 251 and 5, 000 employees, 64 between 5,
) or number of employees sector group average net sales (left scale) average number of employees (left scale) average number of R&d employees (right scale) 38 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business
Trends 3838 39 39 3939 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 8 Annex B:
The R&d Investment Questionnaire QUESTIONNAIRE ON BUSINESS R&d INVESTMENT We would appreciate your response by (deadline),
Definition of R&d investment For the purposes of this questionnaire,'R&d investment'is the total amount of R&d financed by your company (as typically reported in its accounts.
+34.95.448.83.80 51 See the Privacy Statement on the last page 40 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 4040 A. Corporate background 1. How many employees in total
B. R&d investment levels and trends 3 . What was your R&d investment in the past year (2012)?
About € million. 4. At what average rate do you expect the company to change its overall R&d investment over the next three years (2013,2014, 2015), in real terms?
About%per annum. C. R&d location strategy 5. Please estimate the distribution of your company's in-house R&d activity among the following world regions at present and in three years?
Please rank by attractiveness. 1. 2. 3. 41 41 4141 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 8. Please state the two countries where your company has the highest
5 (a) Demand for innovative goods & services:(a1) market size (a2) market growth (a3) through public procurement (a4) via product market regulation, norms & standards (b) Human resources:(
c1) technology poles52 and incubators53 (c2) other company sites, e g. production or sales (c3) suppliers (d) Collaboration & knowledge-sharing opportunities:(
and guarantees (e4) public-private partnerships (e5) financing other (non-R&d) investments (f) Intellectual Property rights in terms of:(
institutions and universitites are concentrated. 53 Incubators are structures that support innovative startup companies in order to increase their survival rates. 42 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 4242 D. R&d and innovation 9. How relevant are the following activities for your company
's innovations54? Please rate on a scale from 1 (irrelevant) to 5 (highly relevant. Irrelevant Highly relevant 1 2 3 4 5 (a) R&d within the company (b) R&d outsourced to other companies:(
54 Innovation is the introduction of new or significantly improved products, services, or processes. 43 43 4343 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends E. R&d knowledge sharing activities 10.
Please state the number of R&d collaboration agreements which your company has with other firms and the number of new agreements in 2012:
44 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business Trends 4444 Privacy Statement The 2013 EU Survey on R&d Investment Business Trends is carried out by the Industrial
The survey is directed at the 1000 European companies in the 2012 EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard.
Purpose and data treatment The purpose of data collection is to establish the analysis of the 2013 EU Survey of R&d Investment Business Trends.
and provisions established by the Directorate of Security for these kind of servers and services. The information you provide will be treated as confidential
The 2013 EU Survey on Industrial R&d Investment Trends Authors: Alexander Tübke, Fernando Hervás and Jörg Zimmermann Luxembourg:
10.2791/26665 (print), 10.2791/2650 (online) Abstract This report presents the findings of the eigth survey on trends in industrial R&d investment.
It analyses the 172 responses of mainly large firms from a subsample of 1000 EU-based companies in the 2012 EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard.
These 172 companies are responsible for R&d investment worth € 62 billion, constituting around 41%of the total R&d investment by the 1000 EU Scoreboard companies.
The main conclusion is that, between 2013-15, the responding companies expect to increase their R&d investments by 2. 6%on average per year.
Due to decreased expectations in the automobiles & parts sector this is a third lower than in the previous survey.
For some sectors, the expected R&d investment changes have increased compared to our previous surveys: electronic & electrical equipment (9%p. a. over the next three years), general industrials (7%),construction & materials (7%),pharmaceuticals & biotechnology (4),
%and technology hardware & equipment (4%).The responding companies carry out a quarter of their R&d outside the EU. Their expectations for R&d investment for the next three years show continued participation of European companies in the global economy, in particular growth
opportunities in emerging economies, while maintaining an R&d focus in the EU. Two thirds of the European companies in the sample chose their home country as the most attractive location for R&d,
quality of R&d personnel and knowledge-sharing opportunities with universities and public organisations are stated most frequently among the top three.
geographic proximity is leading before knowledge sharing opportunities and R&d personnel. Comparing the attractiveness of the EU to the one of China and India
for the EU geographic proximity to other company sites and technology poles & incubators is a factor for attractiveness.
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