and comparatively evaluated against the potential use of advanced technologies and intelligent information/communication technologies.
Also smart Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as single window systems, expert charging systems, centralised and decentralised transport systems
To develop a corridor benchmarking methodology against key performance indicators (KPIS) on the environment, economy and service quality;
and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) towards the goal of greener corridors; To provide the EC with recommendations on green corridor,
stemming from the experience of public and private transport stakeholders; To recommend policy strategies and future Research and development (R&d) on green corridor development.
6. 2. 2 Benchmark Objective The next project milestone was twofold: First, to assess the potential impact of green technologies to be applied on the corridors,
Table 1 Baseline corridor benchmark 2 Corridor Mode Cost (€/tn. km) Av. speed (km h) Reliability(%)Service frequency (no/year) CO2
/Green Technologies and Smart ICT 19 3 Benchmarking of Green Corridors with Green Technologies To develop a green corridor benchmark with green technologies,
Technology impact assessment on the corridor baseline (corridor-specific analysis) and development of a green corridor benchmark.
a limited set of benchmark scenarios was produced based on the baseline transport chains (Sect. 2) and the green technology review. 3. 1 Green Technology Survey
20 C. Georgopoulou et al. 3. 2 Benchmark Scenarios After an extended review on industry and academic works 8 11, the impact of the 58 green technologies on the KPIS was quantified.
The development of the green corridor benchmark was based on the technology-specific analysis. The benchmark consisted of 20 scenarios;
Tables 2 and 3 present the green corridor benchmark. Uncertainty regarding the baseline calculations and the technology impact may have affected the results.
Due to lack of data about capital costs for some of the green technologies, the return of investment and its impact on the operating cost were considered not.
if the return of investment is included in the analysis. For the maritime 0%20%40%60%80%100%Technology impact%KPI factors Total positive Negative Neutral No information Fig
Technologies and Smart ICT 21 Table 2 Green technology benchmark scenarios: Mare nostrum, Nureyev, Strauss and silk way corridors Scenario Technology KPI Impact(%)Mare nostrum SSS:
and onboard energy storage CO2 (gr/tn. km) 30 40 Intelligent temperature unit Reliability(%)Positive The benchmark scenarios and the green technologies are described in columns 1 and 2, respectively.
The technology effect on the baseline KPIS is shown in columns 3 and 4 Green Technologies and Smart ICT 23 Table 3 Green technology benchmark scenarios:
and Duisburg Energy settlement systems Rel. cost (€/tn. km) 1 The benchmark scenarios and the green technologies are described in columns 1 and 2, respectively.
Also, the benchmark does not imply any endorsement on the routes and/or the green technologies, by the Supergreen consortium
or the EU Commission. 3. 3 Implementation of Exhaust Gas Abatement Systems in the Mare nostrum Corridor In this paper, the benchmark scenario for exhaust gas abatement systems on the Mare nostrum corridor
the reduction of emissions would be about 75%.4 Benchmarking of Green Corridors with Smart ICT To develop a green corridor benchmark with ICTS,
and rather unimportant on the KPIS of Cargo Security and Safety. 4. 2 Benchmark Scenarios The next target was to develop the green corridor benchmark with ICTS.
A set of 15 benchmark scenarios was constructed (Table 4), aiming to reveal the importance of ICT implementation on the corridors.
''The benchmark scenarios were compiled by individual experts or subgroups of experts, during the Genoa workshop.
The material was collected and processed, resulting in a corridor-specific ICT benchmark with respect to the KPIS.
5 as Table 4 ICT benchmark scenarios Scenario no Corridor Mode ICT 1 Mare nostrum SCM Tracking units 2 Brenner Road Expert charging 3
These systems surcharge the users of a transport network in periods of peak demand, to reduce traffic congestion.
using the Dedicated Short-range Communication (DSRC) technology. In Italy, the toll price is proportional only to the distance travelled.
Similar analyses were performed for the benchmark scenarios of Table 4, but are reported not here due to space limitations. 5 Conclusions In this paper,
The benchmark also shows the technology potential benefits and drawbacks compared to conventional practices. 5. 1 Green Technologies
The green technology effects on baseline performance were shown on 20 benchmark scenarios for which there was sufficient availability of data.
including their return of investment. To facilitate the adoption of green technologies, future analyses should examine large-volume transport paradigms,
and constitute a‘‘win win''option for logistics stakeholders. The benefits would affect fuel economy, operation time variables, safety and reliability.
At the same time, it was seen also that there are cases in which deployment of ICTS may have adverse impacts on some KPIS.
What is clear is examined that all the ICTS can provide vital benefits to all the stakeholders involved in the transport process.
and Economics, SNAME Greek Section. Athens, Greece, 17 18 Sept 2012 6. Ilves, I.:Benchmarking of green corridors version 1. Supergreen deliverable D2. 4. Document number:
As the Austrian representative to the EEGI (Michael Hübner) and the workpackage leader of the ERA-Net Smart Grids (Michael Hübner and Natalie Prüggler) we took the opportunity to initiate
National stakeholder working groups (SG Technology Platform) Accompanying Meta-Studies and accompanying coordinating management (starting 2010) Smart Grids D-A-CH cooperation with Germany
and/or activities Regional Smart Grids Platform with all stakeholders (Smart Grids Flanders) Belset-platform for coordinating input to/from SET B-EEGI platform joining Belgian
multiutility gas, water, heating at least 3 regions Smart metering communication infrastructure in 800 MV and LV substations interaction with customers Funding mechanism public funding is still under consideration in accordance with national
and EU funding guideline; key funding under national stakeholders andor Distrubution operator (at present) 24 CZ:
Timeline of research 25 Smart regions Scheduled 2010 2015 Smart metering Scheduled 2010-2013 The according budget will be published approximately end of April.
National thematic focus High level of distribution system automatization Smart metering for the customers above 30kw load demand Large scale integration of RES/CHP in MV and LV networks Large scale integration
of challenges Map of ongoing projects within the sector (108 projects) Gap analysis Markets Communication Networks & control Production Transmission Distribution DER Prosumers DK:
D3 150 D4 20 D5 90 D6 150 D7 60 D8 100 D9 100 D10 90 D11 80 Integrated communication
Infrastructure D12 50 Total 1. 200 Active Demand Response and integration with Smart Homes Smart Metering Infrastructure & Data processing Integration of RES,
Ancillary services provided by DSOS TD3 50 Ecogrideu TWENTIES Ecogrideu EDISON Ecogrideu Cell Project Cell Project Prioritized Activities 34 2010 2011 2012 2013
60 D8 100 D9 100 D10 90 D11 80 Integrated communication Infrastructure D12 50 Total 1. 200 Active Demand Response
and control Cost (M) Functional YEAR projects Smart Grids Functionalities Mobilising customers, short term markets Managing LV network with EV, PHEV & Heat pumps State Estimation, Asset management
Information models Data security, Protocols Infrastructure, System security &-arcitecture Balancing price flexible demand DK: National thematic focus FINLAND 35 FI:
cabling-power electronics,-primary substations-strategic planning of smart grids-2nd generation AMR-interactive customer-customer behaviour-demand response-active market participation
of customers and distributed resources-ICT-solutions for market actions and management PPOOWWEERR ssyysstteemmss AACCTTIIVVEE rreessoouurrcceess SSOOCCIIEETTYY FFUURRTTHHEERR ddeevveellooppeedd eenneerrggyy maarrkkeettss vviiaa SSM Maarrkkeettss
-network business models-business opportunities and models-service business opportunities EENNEERRGGYY mmaarrkkeettss PPOOWWEERR ssyysstteemmss--HHVV ppoowweerr ssyysstteemmss DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION38 GERMANY 39 DE:
funding rates for enterprises and research institutions according to national and EU funding guideline Orders to experts to produce studies on specific topics 40 DE:
starting soon (incl. all stakeholders of the electric system) ISGAN Int. SG Action Network: Italy is one of founding members;
Recognizes a higher Return on Investment rate to operators for these projects; starting mid 2011;
75 vehicles in Milan and Brescia-Both are related to DSO business model. Infrastructure is owned by the DSO DISTRIBUTION 50 Latvia 51 LV:
3. Pilot project for testing of technologies for Smart homes and 4. Possibilities to use shared metering infrastructure for additional services.
DSO investment programme and Latvenergo investment programme 52 LV: Timeline of research R&d and Pilot Funding (Mio.
National thematic focus Active Demand Response Energy efficiency from integration with Smart Homes Integration of Smart Customers Metering Infrastructure Smart metering data processing Integration of Smart Metering Monitoring and control
and marketplace for the grid services needed to realise renewable input. smart grid Develop the technology
and new users-Monitoring and control of LV networks-Automation and control of LV networks-Methods and system support-Integrated communication solution Smart Distribution Network Transmission/Distrib
and control-Ancillary Services provided by DSOS-Improved defence and restoration plans-Forecasting DER generation 66 SLOVENIA 67 SI:
National Technology Platform for Smart Grids (36 stakeholders) National Smartgrids Roadmap (CC SURE) Funding-/program mechanisms 100%funded by distribution and transmission network
National thematic focus TTRRAANNSSMIISSSSIIOONN nneettwoorrkk Diissttrriibbuuttiioonn nneettwoorrkk Dynamic thermal rating WAMS (wide area measurement system) DSM/Ancillary services DCN (data communication
National thematic focus-Reduction of Peak Load-Energy efficiency-Microgrids-Energy Storage-Offshore HVDC-Demand Response AACCTTIIVVEE CCOONNSSUUMMEERRSS Integration of Renewables Low Environmental
Spanish R&d plan CDTI and Ministry of Innovation National stakeholder technology platform FUTURED Funding-/programme mechanismen Period 2008-2012: 6 large National
x GRID4EU Demo x x x EU projects 16.000 100.000 200.000 customers involved in demos 1 2 3 81 THE NETHERLANDS 83 NL:
80%of all customers with smart meters until 2020 Smart charging: Technical issues/service provided involving consumers (2011) Accompanying research and/or activities Several working groups on specific Smart Grids topics Smart Grid Initiative:
National thematic focus-Active Demand Response-Energy efficiency from integration with smart homes-Metering Infrastructure-Smart metering data processing Integration of Smart Customers Integration of Smart Metering-DSO integration
-keep communication flow up-redistribute collected information after preparation and-meet for discussions and workshops on a regular basis.
and so to strategically position the European Smart Grids know-how as optimally as possible within the worldwide competitive environment.
and websites of Smart Grids relevant documents and information in each project partners national/regional environment.
But there is not yet any law shaping Austrias smart grid research environment explicitly. Quite vast is the Smart Grids support in terms of research & development (R&d)
Programmes and Policy The framework for energy research in general (compare Table 18 in general in the Danish R&d environment is given by the document System Responsibility and Transmission Grid,
each possessing special knowledge in the fields of climate, agriculture, transportation and economics. It will be presenting suggestions as to how Denmark in the future can phase out fossil fuels,
Within the European project Ecogrid (Ecogrid. dk) the building of the first Smart Grids prototype on Bornholm is planned.
-Ecogrid. dk-project scenarios-now first SG prototype on Bornholm planned Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available-Windpower to combat climate changes
For instance the Estonian Electricity Sector Development Plan until 2018 (published by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication) identifies high priority activities
-Physical and Social Environment Development Action Plan (Estonian) Later-Energy Sector State Development Plan up to year 2020 (Estonian) Available-Electricity Market Act;
R&d Framework, Programmes and Policy The Organisation of Research and development Act determines the Estonian research environment (as presented in Table 22.
The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications manages the programme. Table 22 R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy documents in Estonia R&d framework for research in smart grids?
It identifies general R&d challenges, vision and objectives for e g. greater competitiveness of Estonia within the global research environment.
Enterprise Estonia (www. eas. ee), Archimedes Foundation (www. archimedes. ee) and the Estonian Science Foundation (www. etf. ee.
Enterprise Estonia is a large institution within the national support system for entrepreneurship, providing financial assistance, advisory, cooperation opportunities and training for entrepreneurs, research establishments, public and third sector.
-Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication (www. mkm. ee: Enterprise Estonia: Business and regional development promition;
-Ministry of Education and Research (www. hm. ee: Archimedes Foundation, Estonian Science Foundation; -Ministry of Finance (www. fin. ee) Project data base:
10022 Energy Savings Target Programme 2007-2013 (Estonian) www. mkm. ee/221420/Physical and Social Environment Development Action Plan (Estonian) www
/id=11925 Estonian Competition Authority www. konkurentsiamet. ee Enterprise Estonia www. eas. ee Estonian Science Foundation www. etf. ee Estonian
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication www. mkm. ee Estonian Ministry of Education and Research www. hm. ee Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Estonia www. fin
available in Flemish only) was designed by the Environment, Nature and Energy department (www. lne. be/en).
The task of the Flemish Smart Grids Platform is to pave the way for the development and the market for the required technologies, products and services in a multidisciplinary and sustainable way.
namely the call for Energy networks and demand side management. The equivalent document containing R&d implementation guidelines of the innovation policy
demand-side management and decentralised electricity production: Mounting a national R&d programme. The goals of this report were:
-ADEME's strategic orientation for Research and development 2007-2010 R&d-programmes Available-Call for R&d projects"Energy networks and demand side management"R&d and Innovation policy, Innovation
demand-side management and decentralised electricity production: Mounting a national R&d programme; -Roadmap for smartgrids and electicity systems that integrate renewable energies R&d Framework,
Tenerrdis encourages project partnerships between companies, research institutions, training and institutional stakeholders. Table 31 Scenarios, Project Information & Platforms in France Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-not available Scenarios Available-Energy efficiency in the European union:
demand-side management and decentralised electricity production: Mounting a national R&d programm www. google. at/url?
Six model consortia have been awarded funds in the framework of a technology competition held by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology in close cooperation with the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
new business models and electronic market places. Table 34 R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy documents in Germany R&d framework for research in smart grids?
Available-Potential of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the optimisation of energy supply and the energy consumption (eenergy) R&d-programmes Available-E-Energy-Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology
and norms in the framework of the funding programme E-Energy (Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology) R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy Germany Finally,
The energy economy on the way to the internet era,-dena-Netzstudie II (Grid Study: Integration of renewable energies in the German electricity supply system 2015-2020 with outlook for 2025,-Estimation of the enhancement needs iof German distribution grids due to photovoltaic
Table 36 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Germany German Documents Links Potential of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the optimisation of energy supply and the energy consumption
and evaluation of standards and norms in the framework of the funding programme E-Energy (Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology) www. e-energy. de/documents/2009-02-23 untersuchung des normungs
as they are a necessary tool for demand side management. No scenarios, project information or platforms are available in Greece.
Renewable energy sources and their integration in the electrical system Asset management and system optimisation Communication techniques and power electronics Power quality Innovative materials and components Planning of electrical active
and verification of active system technologies by means of trial testing into an experimental testing facility Interrelation between the electrical system and the environment Scenarios, project information
including the priority no. 1 Energy and Environment. This priority includes research of smart grids-related technologies that promote the use of renewable energy sources.
It defines the operational programme Entrepreneurship and Innovationsfunded by the European Regional Development Fund. This programme includes the funding priority area Science
Project Information & Platforms Latvia The two national programme websites of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and the Latvian Council of Sciences lead to more detailed information in the Latvian research environment.
The R&d support environment of the Nordic Region, represented by the research funding agency Nordic Energy Research (www. nordicenergy. net), is defined by both periodic Plan:
and therefore a unique opportunity to for example, provide large amounts of wind power to the European market
The Resolution on the National Research and development Programme 2006-2010 (and the updated in 2011-2015) identifies most promising research areas including those enabling a sustainable economy.
R&d Framework, Programmes and Policy The major documents building the environment for R&d in general in Slovenia are the Research and development Act,
fair pricing and protection of the environment. Scenarios, project information and platforms Detailed information about single projects can be found in the Energy research data base of the SFOE (Swiss Federal office of Energy).
and integration of different stakeholder-to bring forward and coordinate the necessary activities. The defined key areas of actions which are elaborated in the position paper are listed above.
-The built environment of The netherlands-Energy Innovation Agenda R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy The netherlands In 2008 the Innovatieagenda Energie (Energy Innovation Agenda) was published.
Furthermore, the document The built environment of The netherlands Energy Innovation Agenda gives An outlook on energy-neutral new construction and sustainable existing buildings.
and strategy by asking a wide range of stakeholders (enterprises, energy companies, municipalities, building and construction, end-users) for feedback.
lange termijn van 23 september 2004 http://lexius. nl/besluit-eos-lange-termijn The built environment of The netherlands-Energy Innovation Agenda http://www
Nesta is backed with an endowment originally provided from the UK National Lottery and works through a combination of research, investments,
Futureeverything Futureeverything (FUTURE) is a not-for-profit digital innovation lab, festival and conference. It is a member of ENOLL (European Network of Living Labs). FUTURE engages a worldwide community in devising
Open data increases awareness and coordination, creates new opportunities for innovation, and strengthens inclusion, participation and, ultimately, human well-being.
Society, economy, and even human psychology itself are undergoing an irreversible change, which we as citizens and policymakers are still struggling to understand.
Opencorporates (OC) provides a good example of the opportunities in open data. It was set up to in the wake of the financial crisis to make information about companies and the corporate world more transparent and accessible.
such as established charities and social enterprises. We've tried to explore who the people and organisations working on DSI are,
with least activity around DSI science and technology projects (110) and DSI finance and economy solutions, such as crowdfunding for social good projects (104).
and seek funding and sustainable new business models. This research has identified the goals of policy, the policy tools and funding instruments available
in order to provide a privacy-aware decentralised environment for open data; 3. Educate a technology-savvy multidisciplinary workforce,
the collaborative economy, cities and public services; open tools and distributed architectures; and citizen engagement and direct democracy. 2. Make it easier to grow and spread DSI through public procurement:
when procuring services. Particularly for DSI this could include valuing the network effect and digital engagement of users provided by procured services. 3. Increase the potential value of DSI (for instance,
making available distributed architectures, common frameworks, open standards and through supporting Innovation Spaces). Overall, there is a need for a public,
New financial instruments (such as crowdfunding, challenges and prizes) should be experimented with through R&d funding, while support to Innovation Spaces (such as Fab Labs, hackerspaces and makerspaces) should be increased. 4. Enable some of the radical and disruptive innovations emerging from DSI such as new approaches to money, consumption, democracy,
In some cases substantial investment will be needed to achieve this. 5. Expand the European DSI network
This could be done through growing the digitalsocial. eu network to enable more opportunities for collaboration;
which services are designed explicitly to tackle societal challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has identified,
and economic value is understood relatively well, yet its potential for solving large-scale social challenges remains largely untapped.
While massive commercial investment and business models fuelled the web's incredible growth, the use of platforms like Facebook to serve social good has been disputed accidental
the existing commercial services built on top of this lower technical layer continues for the most part to empower existing‘top-down'centralised and established organisations in the corporate and government sector.
and possibly game-changing innovative services aimed at tackling large-scale societal challenges. Online innovation developed specifically to effect major positive social change remains, arguably, in its infancy
with relatively few services reaching global scale. There are a few impressive success stories in obtaining a global reach,
in particular campaigning sites such as Avaaz and parts of the collaborative economy and the maker movement.
Yet services that exist to help communities collaborate on problems that may not fit in traditional institutional
in social innovation activity and new services that generate social value, but much of this potential has not yet being realised.
The goal is to enable more of these smaller innovative services to sprout and flourish and effectively help to solve global scale societal problems.
This includes the types of technologies underpinning DSI services. These combine novel technology trends such as open data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge;
3) collaborative economy;(4) new ways of making;(5) open democracy; and (6) acceleration and incubation.
scaling and attracting funding opportunities. Equally, as DSI evolves policymakers need to understand the extent to which the policies they are putting in place to support DSI are affective 10 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 1 15 56 69 21 2
and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations More Filters Screenshot of the crowdmap www
In particular, we examine how some of these digital services can take advantage of the network effect of the Internet
This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
but it may not apply easily to some other services such as edemocracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies.
the collaborative economy, local exchange and trading systems, digital currencies, and awareness networks that incentivise experimentation with new models in a variety of domains.
By allowing new forms of communication, collective memory and algorithmically mediated attention, the Internet forms a natural digital substrate for collective intelligence.
and the demand for quality healthcare, seem to require digitally-extended collective intelligence, such as collectively tackling problems via platforms based on crowdsourcing and cognitive mapping based on real-time data analysis and visualisation.
which create new forms of value that are limited not to economic value, but that result in largescale social impact.
At the present moment, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for collective intelligence via its increasing ubiquity and the massive amounts of data available for collective transformation into knowledge.
We are undergoing a transformation that involves society and the economy, driven by the fast evolution of ICT.
transmitting data coming from people, sensors, the environment and objects themselves. However, we cannot expect the Internet by itself to drive innovation to help citizens address major societal challenges.
Yet on the level of services, the emerging cloud model of some services (proprietary social networks, big data providers, implementations of the Internet of things
while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Apple has started a market that was entirely new;
monopolistic behaviour and aggressive IP litigation rather than providing actual innovative services. Thus, there is a danger that once users are locked in'to various monopolies,
the level of innovation in these services will decrease. Furthermore, most users have accepted giving away their personal data in exchange for free services.
Yet this bargain not only undermines privacy and weakens data protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity and personal data.
data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
in order to expand into other data-driven services in order to increase their value, profit and marketability. For example, the company is now pushing into smart watches, smart cars, smart thermostats, smart clothes and smart cities.
which raises significant issues of privacy and competition. Right now few of these opportunities are being taken advantage of by European social innovators
for the most part due to a lack of an open infrastructure and difficulty finding investment. The future of the Internet should remain pluralistic,
so that there is space for DSI alongside commercial services in the Cloud. In the long-term, if only a few non-European commercial bodies control all data-driven services,
this threatens the ability of the European innovation system to compete This European infrastructure would enable a whole new round of innovation that may not even be possible within current business models,
with new players evolving, shaping and structuring whole new markets and societal institutions that can maximise social value and innovation.
The challenge for Europe is how it might acquire the competitive advantage in social innovation by developing distributed innovation ecosystems,
whose dominant players set the terms of innovation and competition. Bria 2012) One of the motivations underpinning this research is investigating how Europe can embrace participatory
Europe could provide an alternative model in the form of investment in open infrastructures on the network, service and data layer.
SOCIETY COLLABORATION DISTRIBUTED BIG BROTHER Commercial services, Entertainment (eg. IPTV) DRM-heavy apolitical INDIVIDUALISM BUSINESS COMPETITION CENTRALLY CONTROLLED Open
and distributed digital ecosystems to foster grassroots social innovation and entrepreneurship. The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs
and that decentralise power to citizens and communities. The development of open data, federated identity, bottom-up wireless and sensor networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness.
and create new services. Competition based on open standards, protocols and formats are essential to deploy interoperability between data, devices, services and networks.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
Avoiding anti-competitive dynamics and lock in would engage all particapents in the value chain and allow for a replicable and sustainable solution.
Government and public sector organisations, businesses, academia and research organisations, social enterprises, charities and foundations and grassroots communities) 2. The way these organisations are supporting DSI (for instance,
third sector and social movements) and cuts across domains as diverse as (1) health, wellbeing and inclusion,(2) innovative socioeconomic models,(3) energy and environment,(4) participation and open
Social Enterprise Charity or Foundation, Business, Grass roots Organization or Community Network, Academia and Research, Government and Public sector. 2 Project Type:
Research project, Advocating and campaigning, Maker and hacker spaces, Investing and Funding, Event, Incubators and Accelerators, Advisory or expert body, Education And Training. 3 Technology Trends:
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Economy Open Democracy Funding Acceleration and Incubation The organisations and projects identified to date can roughly be grouped within six broad domains.
1) New ways of making,(2) Open democracy,(3) The collaborative economy,(4) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles,(5) Open Access
Hexegan schematic of the 6 areas of DSITHE collaborative economy and the many other umbrella terms used to describe the rise of digital marketplaces for people to make transactions and share skills,
The Collaborative Economy has been documented by organisations like the P2p Foundation, Nesta, and Ouishare. Across the world the burgeoning field of collaborative consumption is using digital platforms to change how people share resources and exchange goods and services,
which range from household equipment to hotel rooms, cars to catering. In the UK, Nesta research documented how 25%of UK adults used Internet technologies to share assets and resources in 2013 20146.
It is now setting up branches in the UK and USA COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY New collaborative socioeconomic models that present novel characteristics,
It includes crypto digital currencies, new forms of crowdfunding and financing, new platforms for exchanges and sharing resources based on reputation and trust.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 25 Ouishare SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK Ouishare is a global collaborative consumption network founded in January 2012.
The overarching aim of Ouishare is to shift the focus of the economy to one that can find new ways to connect,
Ouishare. net and collaborative economy events. Ouishare. net is an online community where members can post articles on collaborative consumption
which brings together the global collaborative economy community. The 2014 event took place in Paris
or interested in, the collaborative economy. In parallel thousands of alternative currencies are focused in use some on localities (e g. the Brixton Pound in the UK or Chiemgauer in Germany;
Bitcoin) 7. Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work for example, valorising labour time equally,
In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born out of social innovation) has become an avenue for nine million people to gain access to secured financial exchange services.
and a strict regulatory framework. 26 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Other interesting initiatives such as Goteo are building services around the idea of the Commons,
Goteo is a social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructure, micro tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative initiatives that contribute to the common good, free knowledge and open code.
Goteo SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services.
or digital social innovations, including the blueprint for a prototype of a 3d printed $50 prosthesis that can be used in developing countries.
digital fabrication and micro enterprises. 28 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe MAKERS MOVEMENT Maker Fairs are interesting expressions of this new form of networking events
Maker Fairs Another interesting example of collaborative innovation environments is the possibility of setting up Urban Labs in Cities.
When using urban labs as a tool for urban development city government can improve relationships with their citizens by testing ideas in real world settings with all relevant stakeholders:
One interesting example of an Urban Lab is the Barcelona Urban Lab. It was created to facilitate the use of urban space as a laboratory available to companies that need to test their products and services in a real environment.
These pilot products and services have to respond to an unmet municipal need, thus improving public service design and delivery.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 29 Participatory democracy strives to create opportunities for all members of a population to make meaningful contributions to political decision-making
as well as broadening the range of people who have access to such opportunities. Since so much information must be gathered for the overall decision-making process to succeed,
Organisations like Mysociety and the Open Knowledge Foundation in the UK have developed services such as Fixmystreet
or lack of investment. It is crucial for successful crowdsourcing to design the activity properly to prevent excessive demands and frustrations.
In Europe, interesting crowdsourcing projects for cities are emerging from the Open Cities project and Commons4eu, drawing on the capabilities within communities (for instance,
It is a non-profit educational and vocational organisation set up in 2001, which mobilises a community of more than 8 million Americans who use innovative technology to lead,
and the environment in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioral change.
and sharing economy platforms like Peerby are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups
and communities are beginning to aggregate the layers of data that increasingly permeate the urban environment,
in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioural change9-for instance, platforms for collaboration to solve environmental issues and incentivise sustainable behavioural changes, such as Safecast and Beaware.
The team turned to‘the crowd'via crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter, to finance the device and help launch a sensor network where bgiegie owners could share the data they were collecting.
and the Chaos Communication Camp, an international meeting of hackers that takes place every four years,
freedom of information, human rights and communication. Supporting the principles of the hacker ethic, the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody.
Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise and coordinating inclusive processes of decision-making amongst key stakeholders.
and allows for more open and rapid communication between teachers and students. For instance, The Open university, based in the United kingdom,
enhanced by the way technology is integrated within the learning environment. Open standards A number of organisations affect DSI in Europe through acting as expert bodies on the development of policy and strategies and advocating
social innovations often need support in the early idea stages to refine their business models and grow their venture.
The global study Good Incubation (2014) 12 explores how social venture incubation has grown as a set of techniques to help founders develop ventures that are investable propositions,
including a focus on incubators with a specific focus on supporting digital social innovators. Incubators typically support innovators in exchange for equity, at pre-seed or seed stage.
There are nearly 100 incubators/accelerators in Europe. Large foundations and charities often play an active role in hosting
and running makerspaces and incubators focusing on supporting DSI. The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures,
and the Waag society in Amsterdam, working on setting up and hosting one of Europe's first Fab Labs,
are two examples of this in Europe. In the United states, Code for America provides seed funding, office space,
and mentorship to civic startups through its accelerator. Y Combinator was the first of its kind
when it started back in 2005 and its success inspired many others. Bethnal Green Ventures in the UK, who support early-stage technology start-ups tackling a social or environmental problem with £15,
000 and 3 months intensive support in return for 6 per cent equity, is another example.
Nowadays, the biggest names are international start-up accelerators such as Techstars Seedcamp or Startbootcamp. But there is an increasing number of big corporationbacked accelerators, such as Wayra from Telefónnica or Orange FAB from Orange and a plethora of regional start-up acceleration programs.
FUNDING, ACCELLERATION, INCUBATION A range of incubators, accelerators, impact incvestment schemes have been set up by public and private funders to support digital innovation projects.
They do this through a combination of seed fundings as well as nonfinancial support such as access to co-working spaces and business support and mentores The Open Data Institute's start up programme,
Although incubators and accelerators have been always around, their presence in aiming to address social challenges has been limited rather to date.
The Open Data Institute (ODI) OPEN DATA ACCELLERATOR Traditional business accelerators offer advice and resources to fledgling firms to help them grow.
In contrast, Civic Accelerators can match cities with start-ups, private firms and nonprofit organisations interested in partnering with government to provide better services,
bring digital technology to cities, or change the way citizens interact with city government. Finally, crowdfunding platforms serve as intermediaries to link people
and to stimulate and fund new ideas. There is the growth of the alternative finance industry
including crowdfunding and P2p lending that has been documented deeply by Nesta in the UK14 36 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Case studies categorised into the 6 different types of DSI COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY FUNDING ACCELERATION
Wayra Unltd The Accelerator Healthbox London Clearlyso Angels Bethnal Green Ventures Tor Open Garden Guifi. net Confine Smart Santander DSI AREAS
or partnering with DSI services Delivering services Providing funding for experiments/R&d (particular the case for large Telco organisations) Analysing trends
facilitating and expanding communities Democratizing access to emerging technologies SOCIAL ENTERPRISE CHARITY OR FOUNDATION BUSINESS GRASS ROOTS ORGANIZATION OR COMMUNITY NETWORK ACADEMIA AND RESEARCH GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC SECTOR 193 182 153 118 55 Number of organisations (Total 701) Case study
for example relied on open hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on Crowdfunding to fund the development of kit,
social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning and e-petitions. The main technological trends in DSI 0100 200 300 400 Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Safecast OPEN NETWORKS Tor Confine Guifi. net Smart
An open sensor network (OSN) is a wireless sensor network that manages open information in an open environment.
or with the centralised data system using standard communications. The open sensor network connects the sensor with the data repository where the information is processed and stored
and forwards the gathered information to the central point within a wireless environment. Sensor networks are the key infrastructures of a smart city, providing basic data on the usage of energy, pollution, geodata, traffic, geography, tourism and other areas.
Possible future services based on OSN include mobile applications that support citizens using public transport by displaying real time information on arrival and departure,
These sensors provide the opportunity to implement applications that help citizens to move around in cities.
They run multiple self-provisioned, experimental and commercial services and applications. A common entry point allows researchers to select a set of resources,
and then deploy, run, monitor Innovative combinations of network solutions and infrastructures, e g. sensor net works, free interoperable network services, open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband,
distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures OPEN NETWORKS 40 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe and experiment with services and protocols.
TOR also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features and provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow organisations
and from the environment The explosion of new types of data analytics and machine learning means that it is no longer only government
or corporate forecasters who have the opportunity to access and analyse data. By making data open, governments and other large organisations and companies that hold or generate data about society have the opportunity to enable citizens to hold government to account for
what it spends, the contracts it gives and the assets it holds. Local authorities are playing a leading role in implementing open data policies
It then invited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data,
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project
One of them is the examples of competitions and challenges. One of Europe's biggest open data competitions is the Open Data Challenge15.
It was organized by the Open Knowledge Foundation, the Openforum Academy and Share-PSI. eu. It offered 20,
There are many other competitions, such as Apps4finland16, the biggest European apps contest organized since 2009 and Apps for Amsterdam promoted by the City of Amsterdam to make accessible to developers and citizens the data of the City. 44 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe OPEN KNOWLEDGE Co
and to participate in e-campaigns, crowdfunding etc. Furthermore, the ability to access, use, and reuse without financial, legal,
Recent global developments have revealed increasing demands of citizens for their governments and administrations to become more participatory,
Communia, a European union-wide thematic network that focuses on strategic policy discussion of existing and emerging issues concerning the public domain in the digital environment is one example of this,
and social innovation) and LIPSE (researching innovation in public sector environments) are further examples of research activities
and Technology that are coordinating research on ICT for society in different domains, such as climate change, sustainable energy and communication technology itself.
-based knowledge economy. The project is a joint research effort sponsored by the Coordinating Ministry of Knowledge and Human Talent, the Senescyt,(Secretaria National de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion) and the IAEN
and opportunities to develop the knowledge and self-sufficiency toachieve inclusion in decision-making processes. These are some of the main initiatives within the DSI field that are focusing on capacity-building
The project was developed originally within the Fab Lab Barcelona at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia and crowdfunded via the Goteo and Kickstarter crowdfunding platforms.
and to new services So-called Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), which are becoming increasingly important in this context.
prediction and control of people and the environment. However, as outlined by Rob Van Kranenburg,
FINANCE AND ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT SMART PUBLIC SERVICES ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Health and Wellbeing Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data 47 45 44 41 40 38 34 25 18 17 15 12 6 5
AND EMPLOYMENT Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriö Bethnal Green Ventures Citysdk Clearlyso Angels Communia Commons 4 Europe Confine Crisisnet Desis Network Everyaware Fablab
Kit Smart Santander The Accelerator Tor Ushahidi Wikiprogress Wayra Unltd Wikirate Your Priorities Zooniverse 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35. 36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.46 42 40
AND CAMPAIGNING EVENT INCUBATORS AND ACCELERATORS MAKER AND HACKER SPACES ADVISORY OR EXPERT BODY INVESTMENT AND FUNDING 152 26 13 74 76 70 30 30 31 32 0 Project
Type (Total 572) Liquid Feedback Communia Avaaz Open Government Wien Arduino P2p Foundation Goteo Ouishare Landshare Wikiprogress Safecast Crisisnet Open
Right Group Open Knowledge Foundation Github Free software foundation Wayra Unltd Bethnal Green Ventures Tor Guifi. net
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
Cityofedinburghcouncil Universityofedinburgh Cityofeindhoven MADEMERGENTARTCENTER CMC2COMMUNITYINTERESTCOMPANY Coexisthance Communiaassosiation NEXA Consorziotiberina Riverwatch/Tevere Coventryuniversity Fundaciói2cat Crowdfunding. pl Myseed crowdsourcing CUBITSCARL DCLG Deheerprojecten
environment"ERGOLAB GAIA Fablabpalermo Factoryyouthzone Fullcirclearts Fairphone Fairplayalliance Firemny-Register. sk Farm2me Foam Folklabs Hernehillforum Openfoodfoundation Industrialstrategycommunications Innodriven Kiemkracht Fram3
The collaborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest but also more scattered community (7. 41 per cent), consisting of Esade, the IRI,
Cityofedinburghcouncil Universityofedinburgh Cityofeindhoven MADEMERGENTARTCENTER CMC2COMMUNITYINTERESTCOMPANY Coexisthance Communiaassosiation NEXA Consorziotiberina Riverwatch/Tevere Coventryuniversity Fundaciói2cat Crowdfunding. pl Myseed crowdsourcing CUBITSCARL DCLG Deheerprojecten
environment"ERGOLAB GAIA Fablabpalermo Factoryyouthzone Fullcirclearts Fairphone Fairplayalliance Firemny-Register. sk Farm2me Foam Folklabs Hernehillforum Openfoodfoundation Industrialstrategycommunications Innodriven Kiemkracht Fram3
adapted from Sestini, F (Digital) Innovation Venture capital Big data and cloud computing COMPETITION, ECONOMIC ENTERESTS Innovation and innovation policy are not new to the European union.
and society by complementing the telecommunications regulatory environment, modernising copyright rules, simplifying rules for consumers making online and digital purchases,
and Horizon 202022 present an integrated approach to help the EU economy become more competitive,
the call for the creation of an open data incubator within Horizon 2020 aims to help SMES set up supply chains,
and to get access to cloud computing and legal advice. Further support, investment advice and funding oppertunities for SMES and young companies are also available through the Startup Europe programme.
Other activities are happening in the Internet of things (Iot) focus area, where the IERC-Internet of things European Research Cluster25 coordinates a variety of Iot R&i projects.
and the collaborative economy. These platforms based on open technology can gather and integrate information in order to allow participation and citizens'feedback,
Participatory means that the policy environment contrasts with more traditional innovation policy frameworks where there is a strong focus on the market perspective and competitiveness.
and agents (stakeholders in a broad sense, including implementers and decision makers. The Futurium platform is based on the metaphor of emergent collective intelligence,
and combines the informal nature of social networks with a methodological approach of foresights to engage stakeholders in the poliy making process.
and fundamental freedoms in the digital environment. Big data and cloud companies but also States have a lot of control over an individual's online identity.
and women bring new perspectives while improving access to information, education and work opportunities for women.
3 4 5 6 Opportunities 7 and challenges Generating Ideas Developing and testing Making the case Delivering
Digital Social Innovation takes place in the context of a more collaborative, horizontal and cooperative environment.
Opportunities and challenges: These include all the initiating factors for instance a crisis, new evidence, and inspiration.
or identifying the opportunities that a new change could bring about. Generating ideas: Most of the ideas you come up with at first won't work.
Start with live case studies from practitioners-people who run services and who know what the problems/challenges/opportunities are.
Make sure they represent a sample of the type of practice you are developing policy for
including any evidence they have of impact Opportunities and challenges What really helped them get their project of the ground
Identify the problems/opportunities. We asked everyone in the room to individually complete this template to quickly generate ideas:
start-ups and social innovators Taxes Crowdfunding & Challenge Prizes Open access Open standards Interoperability Open licensing Open platforms Open Data privacy-aware technologies
open infrastructures Innovation Labs Incubators & accelerators Knowledge sharing & networking Training Standards of evidence framework Impact assessment tools for aocial innovation There is a common sentiment
that a strong public intervention at EU level is needed to properly support, coordinate, and harmonise these areas whih, have so far been isolated left to developers, activists and hackers.
Seed funding and crowdfunding are also two important instruments. Although previous analysis and policy actions28 focus on the role of VC or business angels,
The US Federal government spends 2. 6 per cent of a much larger per capita GDP on research compared to only 1. 3 per cent on average in the EU. Early-stage funding for innovation is also more heavily supported by government investment
and subsidies in the USA than the EU. Approximately eight times as much public as private business investment goes into early stage technology development in the USA.
In the EU investment in research and technological development is based more market and demonstrably less effective (FINNOV European Policy Brief.
or the UK's Big Society Capital fund and India's Inclusive Investment Fund. They combine investments in new hardware
and software with experiments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions.
In Seoul, the Mayor has designed programmes for the sharing economy and citizen engagement. Colombia set up a centre for social innovation within its government,
and services to be open sourced. This means introducing elements of open innovation into the procurement process,
and services by the EU are achieving their goals and if providers are able to deliver their outcomes.
in order to help small and medium-sized enterprises. DSI should also create new specific instruments for social entrepreneurship.
SUPPORT TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS & START-UPS Development and entrepreneurship programmes In public institutions there are examples such as the New york city Economic Development Agency
and in particular its entrepreneur programme34 Very similar to this is the example of Barcelona Activa, which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 69 Some other examples come from private organisations.
Results from 2012, shows that more than 400 ventures were started among its members. One of the most obvious measures is to crackdown on tax abuses by technology companies.
which the country where profits are generated is also the country of taxation. This would include automatic exchange of information on tax rulings and the stabilising of corporate tax bases.
CROWDFUNDING SEED FUNDING & CHALLENGE PRIZES Crowdfunding should be included in thinking about the future of DSI.
The European commission should start promoting more crowdfunding tools, involving the community in choosing the best projects to be funded,
as part of their R&d programmes. Crowdfunding allows people to have the opportunity to support what they consider to be an attractive idea
and to help someone else's dream to become a reality, while simultaneously getting benefits from the new product,
eciprocity being one element of crowdfunding. 70 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Crowdfunding platforms In Spain,
The platform specialises in supporting community enterprises, creative startups and charities. Another example is Spacehive,
peer-topeer consumer lending, equity crowdfunding, community shares, pension-led funding and invoice trading). In 2012, more than $2. 7 billion was raised through crowdfunding worldwide helping to fund more than one million new projects.
The main crowdfunding platforms are Kickstarter and Goteo but there are also plenty of other platforms that are gathered in the directory of crowdfunding platforms Crowdingin39,
operated by Nesta (in the UK). ) The platform Citizinvestor is an American portal where public projects such as new bins in the city,
or high bike racks, or playground installations are funded by citizens themselves. Seed funding is a very early-stage investment,
meant to support the business until it can generate cash of its own, or until it is ready for further investments.
Seed money options include friends and family funding, angel funding and crowdfunding. Seed funding is aimed mainly at start-ups and ventures.
There are other elements such as prizes, competitions, events, knowledge sharing and dissemination that should also be included in the mechanisms for DSI policy.
The Nesta Centre for Challenge Prizes has run prizes in everything from energy to waste, data to education.
In 2014 Nesta revived the 300 year old Longitude Prize and Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 71 Challenges&prizes The Open Data Challenge Series42 is a collaboration between Nesta
The competition invited Europeans to come up with new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
or adapted in order to provide an environment conducive to openness and collaboration, while preserving citizens'rights and data protection.
Open standards are essential to deploy interoperability between data, devices, services and networks. Standards will enable new business models for co-operation between multiple stakeholders such as companies,
public authorities and citizens to develop meaningful technologies. Therefore, greater citizen involvement in standards should be supported (for instance the W3c has proposed a Webizen programme:
so that devices and services produced and delivered by different companies can communicate with one another. The Internet is the best example of the power of interoperability.
the possibility to add (web) content and services themselves, access to devices and modular applications that talk to one another.
when it is perceived as fair by all stakeholders, seeking the right balance between the interests of creators (to control their work
Any privileged access provided to the owner/managers of the infrastructure would alter free competition.
and services built on freely acquired data, as long as they respect provisions in the license. Private data should also have its privacy dimension encoded using open standards
and freedom of information online, reasserts the principle of fair competition and guarantees that users may freely choose between services online.
The European parliament adopted amendments to enshrine net neutrality in EU law at the beginning of April 2014. Currently the telecoms single market proposal has being reviewed by the Council member States) of the EU
The European commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately €40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the European commission Directive on the reuse of public sector information will further enable the opening of public sector data in a harmonised and more transparent way.
and analysed with the main objective of maximising value extraction (e g. for marketing, economic competition and surveillance).
therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry)
engaging effectively in multi-stakeholder processes. Distributed and open architectures Community and bottom-up networking 5. 3 RESEARCH
AND INNOVATION SUPPORT One important objective is to provide infrastructural investments such as broadband deployments and pan-European digital services that underwrite robust, equal,
society-wide access to connectivity. However, while most resources are going to top-up deployments from Telcos
INVESTMENT ON ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURES Community and bottom-up networking is an emerging mode of the Future Internet,
innovation labs present an opportunity to activate networks and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces
and units set up run and funded directly by government and driven by communities or public and private partnerships.
it needs investment in alternative architectures that favour new players and allow for bottom-up innovation. This includes the need for distributed data repositories and management systems
which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments.
and making use of strong communications and engagement strategies. One example of this is the Seoul Innovation Bureau
PS21 has created systemic interventions such the Staff Suggestion Scheme that creates an opportunity for any public officer to directly submit ideas to improve public services.
and run by government to drive innovation in products and services, citizen engagement and policy development, there are vast often highly connected communities of private, academic and civic labs
and co-working spaces Maker spaces (such as Fablabs), real-life testing and experimentation environments where users and producers can cocreate innovations (including Living Labs), Hackerspaces and hackathons (such as
Chaos Communication Camp), and co-working spaces are a few examples. In addition to exploring the role of labs run by government
INCUBATORS & ACCELERATORS Mechanisms that foster social entrepreneurship such as incubators, accelerators or other intermediary platforms are necessary to provide resources in different phases of the development of DSI.
They represent a novel contribution to advancing social entrepreneurship around the world helping young companies,
The number of accelerator programmes has grown rapidly in the US over the past years, and more recently, the trend is being replicated in Europe.
For instance, the Nesta report Good incubation 72 charts the rise of social venture incubation, with a focus on
Investment for this kind of innovation support programmes can come from public funds but could also be through public private partnerships or crowdfunding.
TRANSITION project A good example to foster a European networks of incubators is funded the European commission TRANSITION project.
It is coordinated by the European Business & Innovation Centre Network (EBN and is a 30-month project that supports the scaling-up of social innovations across Europe by developing a network of incubators,
which brings together established partners within the fields of social innovation (SI) and innovation-based incubation (IBI).
& NETWORKING TRAINING DSI networking and crowdfunding platform Fabacademy 5. 4 DISSEMINATION & LEARNING Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 81 Firstly,
competitions and challenges or jams would be very helpful mechanisms to deploy. Secondly, beyond general events, the DSI strategy requires a communication strategy.
This should include the use of social networking platforms, independent media and other news applications. For instance, the elaboration of a newsletter or creating a DSI strategy blog would be a helpful instrument to spread the message from the European commission
identifies funding opportunities, and promotes new economic instruments (such as challenges, and prizes) should be promoted the,
possibly linking crowdmapping to crowdfunding and other bottom-up incentives mechanisms such as Prizes and Challenges. Thirdly, knowledge sharing is key.
scaling and attracting funding opportunities. As DSI evolves policymakers need to understand the extent to which the policies they are putting in place to support DSI are effective.
and Assessment Model to assess the social capital and wellbeing of local areas. What is measured?
and their projects The Triple Helix outlines how social tech ventures, and investors, should focus on three types of value Social Value, User Value and Financial Value when developing and scaling their project (s) 76
The potential social change the venture intends to create i e positive impact health, resilience and sustainability society.
Qualitative responses to the idea-interviews or meetings/consultation with key stakeholders, such as domain experts and possible purchasers of the service to establish what social challenges need to be addressed
or analysing existing data sets to understand the extent of the social issue Online responses to the proposed service from partners or potential customers.
using analytics software to test demand. Financial Value: There has to be a market for the venture to be sustainable
and the venture has to be active in it. The generation of sustainable income is understood as financial value,
which comes as the result of realising user or social value. Establishing an agency or provider who has the responsibility
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 83 The standards are used by the DSI accelerator Bethnal Green Ventures77 and Nesta's Impact Investment team78,
and acceptable price point for your customers. Level 5 You can show that your product/service could be operated up by someone else
These indicators now include innovative entrepreneurship and innovation in firms, universities and public research institutes,
and services generated, as well as new types of actors such as Fab Labs and makerspaces. LESSON FROM EXISTING INNOVATION POLICY FRAMEWORKS 86 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe RECOMMENDATION FOR EVALUATION Guidelines for assessing the impact of Digital Social Innovation Assessment
This focus could be on four key areas of opportunity in DSI. a. Collaborative economy b. Digital social innovation in cities and public services c. Open tools and distributed architectures
health authorities and universities to pilot large-scale DSI experiments around collaborative economy, direct democracy, distributed energy, civic health and bottom-up smart city solutions.
and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in strong public investment that funded general-purpose technologies and basic research.
Within the single digital social market it should be easier for digital social innovations such as collaborative economy
and crowdfunding platforms to manage and distribute assets (financial as well as nonfinancial) between citizens in different EU countries.
DSI has the opportunity to improve public services, cut costs and improve the environment. Easier procurement could be a route to scale
and higher impact this requires attention to the details of how procurement is organised (e g. to make it easier for smaller organisations to win contracts),
for example) when procuring services. Particularly for DSI this could include valuing the network effect and digital engagement of users provided by procured services.
WHAT SHOULD POLICYMAKERS DO? 1. Invest in digital technologies for the social good: Make it easier to create new digital SI through specific regulatory
Interoperable, customised and modular services and applications based on open source, open access and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
just as in science and technology, innovation in society needs carefully crafted investment and support. There is a need to maximise the social value generated by digital technologies
In some cases substantial investment will be needed to support innovations through to sustainability just as in business, where many of the most transformative innovations required many years of patient,
large-scale investment before they delivered returns. Alternative socioeconomic models based on trust and their reputations are emerging.
and it would make sure that services deployed answer to concrete unmet local needs and demand.
1. Grow the www. digitalsocial. eu network to enable more opportunities for collaboration through the platform,
such as the opportunity for organisations to jointly develop new projects and apply for funding through innovative mechanisms such as challenges,
prizes and crowdfunding. 2. Increase early-stage seed funding programmes and other types of nonfinancial support that are vital in helping innovators experiment with
The incubator programme run by the UK's Open Data Institute and the DSI accelerator programme run by Bethnal Green Ventures have demonstrated potential in how models developed to support early-stage businesses can be adapted to support
and grow DSI projects. 3. Support programmes that help people and organisations develop their skills to work on Digital Social Innovation such as getting digital skills on the curriculum in schools and helping civil society organisations experiment with the development of digital solutions.
Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference (2013): 139-147.3 Over-the-top is a general term for service providers that develop services that are utilized over a network that is owned by traditional network operators.
'Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE 31.4 (2012): 54-62.5 http://www. nesta. org. uk/publications/making-sense-uk-collaborative-economy Manchester
Journey to effective assessment and metrics http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/social-innovation/strengthening-social-innovation en. pdf Guide to Social
. uk/open-data-challenge-series 44 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/social-innovation/competition/45 http://en
-make-decisions Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 97 73 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/social-innovation/strengthening
-social-innovation en. pdf 74 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/beyond gdp/index en. html 75 http://www. oecdbetterlifeindex. org/76 http://www
http://www. impacthub. net/Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 71 Lendingmemo. com (2013) Crowdfunding online Flickr, Simon Cunningham Available from:
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011