iii) The sharing economy that includes crypto digital curencies like Freecoin and many sharing economy platforms such as Peerby and Goteo creating new forms of crowdfunding methods, exchanges and new economic models;(
iv) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles such as the Smart Citizen Kit an initiative that empowers citizens to improve urban life through capturing
Social, political and economic processes driven by innovation are uncertain and open ended within an economy never in equilibrium
and new participative models for the economy, society and self-governance models. A primary example of Digital Social Innovation is the Web itself.
and cluster in this report-such as the sharing economy as local exchange trading systems, time banks and digital currencies, collaborative services and awareness networks that incentivise the experimentations of new models in a variety
We are undergoing a big transformation that will involve society and the economy, driven by the fast evolution of ICT.
and the social domains they were affecting, such as health, economy, energy governance, education, and public services.
to mass scale behavioural and political changes that empower communities and transition to a low carbon economy.
consumption and distribution and generate further ideas and innovations (like the move to a low carbon economy or the creation of a more participatory democracy).
Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work for example valorising labour time equally,
The Open Hardware is the backbone of the sharing economy, since it shifts the attention away from consumption and resource exploitation,
and sharing economy platforms like Peerby are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups,
Citizen Kit Fairphone Makerfaire New ways of making Participatory mechanisms Sharing economy Awareness networks Open Access 28 Who are involved the organisations in supporting
The benefits come to the local economy when companies try and test their services with citizens in a real life environment
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the Web 2. 0 economy
or entrepreneurs starting sharing economy initiatives, and activists starting mass mobilisation initiatives and social movements for democracy and social justice.
Shifting from Closed innovation models to Decentralized Innovative Social Networksthe proposed vision is to facilitate the creation of a bottom-up Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem that can exploit the European added value in the digital economy.
iii) The sharing economy;(iv) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles;(v) Open access and information Commons),
national and global in orientation and concerned with democracy, politics & representation, economy, education, environment & sustainability, anti-discrimination, equality & social justice, health, human rights, international development,
With governments around the world looking at open data as a kick start for their economies,
and economies rely on a vibrant and ever expanding public domain. The role of the public domain, whilst crucial in the past, is even more important today,
The main driver behind Everyaware is the belief that‘the current organisation of our economies
Create a‘transparency economy'by opening up the supply chain for electronics Technology Trends: Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
they become part of a larger movement for redefining the economy. To achieve its goals Fairphone is created as an open platform using mainly social media;
Fairphone see the smart phone as a practical starting point for telling the story of how the economy functions,
New economies do not grow overnight. It takes a lot of effort and a long term vision. What helps to reach goals and overcome barriers?
Better economy: Openness permits easier and more rapid reuse of material and open data and content are the key raw ingredients for the development of new innovative tools and services.
The network is built on the belief that an economy based on sharing, collaboration and openness can solve many of the complex challenges the world faces.
History and mission The overarching aim of Ouishare is to shift the focus of the economy to one that can find new ways to connect,
Ouishare calls this paradigm shift and the sum of these developments‘the collaborative economy'.'The network was born in January 2012 out of a Facebook group in Paris,
In its early stages, the Ouishare community was a Facebook group created in April 2011 to connect people who believed in the potential of the collaborative economy
They began to organise meetups every month in Paris to continue their discussions about the collaborative economy in person.
is that Ouishare becomes a crucial vehicle in facilitating the shift to a collaborative economy by growing a strong, international network of people and projects.
while proposing alternatives for value exchange in currencies and gift economies. Crowdsourced and open knowledge is opening up institutions such as governments, science, education and culture,
While Ouishare sees great‘disruptive'potential in the collaborative economy it also recognises this presents a number of challenges for the movement.
and little systemic vision about the change they will bring to society and the economy. Furthermore, few projects are actually collaborating;
Secondly, collaborative economy needs better exposure and education, which Ouishare believes could fasten the adoption of new user practices,
Sharing economy, Participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open Knowledge, Open Data DSI activities: A network, A research project, Operating a web service Key facts:
The primary activity P2p foundation undertake to achive its goal is running the P2p foundation wiki, a website with with nearly 8, 000 pages of information on the P2p economy.
the foundation organises meetups between stakeholders interested in the debate around the P2p economy. To data it has organised two annual physical meet-ups in Belgium and the UK,
Neighbourhood regeneration, Sharing economy Technology Trends: Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key Facts:
It is referred also to as Person-to-person rental, P2p renting, Collaborative Consumption, the sharing economy and Product Service System.
The service is based on Internet and the principles of open knowledge and the sharing economy.
iii) The sharing economy that includes crypto digital curencies like Freecoin and many sharing economy platforms such as Peerby and Goteo creating new forms of crowdfunding methods, exchanges and new economic models;(
iv) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles such as the Smart Citizen Kit an initiative that empowers citizens to improve urban life through capturing
Social, political and economic processes driven by innovation are uncertain and open ended within an economy never in equilibrium
and new participative models for the economy, society and self-governance models. A primary example of Digital Social Innovation is the Web itself.
and cluster in this report-such as the sharing economy as local exchange trading systems, time banks and digital currencies, collaborative services and awareness networks that incentivise the experimentations of new models in a variety
We are undergoing a big transformation that will involve society and the economy, driven by the fast evolution of ICT.
and the social domains they were affecting, such as health, economy, energy governance, education, and public services.
to mass scale behavioural and political changes that empower communities and transition to a low carbon economy.
consumption and distribution and generate further ideas and innovations (like the move to a low carbon economy or the creation of a more participatory democracy).
Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work for example valorising labour time equally,
The Open Hardware is the backbone of the sharing economy, since it shifts the attention away from consumption and resource exploitation,
and sharing economy platforms like Peerby are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups,
Citizen Kit Fairphone Makerfaire New ways of making Participatory mechanisms Sharing economy Awareness networks Open Access 28 Who are involved the organisations in supporting
The benefits come to the local economy when companies try and test their services with citizens in a real life environment
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the Web 2. 0 economy
or entrepreneurs starting sharing economy initiatives, and activists starting mass mobilisation initiatives and social movements for democracy and social justice.
Shifting from Closed innovation models to Decentralized Innovative Social Networksthe proposed vision is to facilitate the creation of a bottom-up Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem that can exploit the European added value in the digital economy.
iii) The sharing economy;(iv) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles;(v) Open access and information Commons),
national and global in orientation and concerned with democracy, politics & representation, economy, education, environment & sustainability, anti-discrimination, equality & social justice, health, human rights, international development,
With governments around the world looking at open data as a kick start for their economies,
and economies rely on a vibrant and ever expanding public domain. The role of the public domain, whilst crucial in the past, is even more important today,
The main driver behind Everyaware is the belief that‘the current organisation of our economies
Create a‘transparency economy'by opening up the supply chain for electronics Technology Trends: Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
they become part of a larger movement for redefining the economy. To achieve its goals Fairphone is created as an open platform using mainly social media;
Fairphone see the smart phone as a practical starting point for telling the story of how the economy functions,
New economies do not grow overnight. It takes a lot of effort and a long term vision. What helps to reach goals and overcome barriers?
Better economy: Openness permits easier and more rapid reuse of material and open data and content are the key raw ingredients for the development of new innovative tools and services.
The network is built on the belief that an economy based on sharing, collaboration and openness can solve many of the complex challenges the world faces.
History and mission The overarching aim of Ouishare is to shift the focus of the economy to one that can find new ways to connect,
Ouishare calls this paradigm shift and the sum of these developments‘the collaborative economy'.'The network was born in January 2012 out of a Facebook group in Paris,
In its early stages, the Ouishare community was a Facebook group created in April 2011 to connect people who believed in the potential of the collaborative economy
They began to organise meetups every month in Paris to continue their discussions about the collaborative economy in person.
is that Ouishare becomes a crucial vehicle in facilitating the shift to a collaborative economy by growing a strong, international network of people and projects.
while proposing alternatives for value exchange in currencies and gift economies. Crowdsourced and open knowledge is opening up institutions such as governments, science, education and culture,
While Ouishare sees great‘disruptive'potential in the collaborative economy it also recognises this presents a number of challenges for the movement.
and little systemic vision about the change they will bring to society and the economy. Furthermore, few projects are actually collaborating;
Secondly, collaborative economy needs better exposure and education, which Ouishare believes could fasten the adoption of new user practices,
Sharing economy, Participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open Knowledge, Open Data DSI activities: A network, A research project, Operating a web service Key facts:
The primary activity P2p foundation undertake to achive its goal is running the P2p foundation wiki, a website with with nearly 8, 000 pages of information on the P2p economy.
the foundation organises meetups between stakeholders interested in the debate around the P2p economy. To data it has organised two annual physical meet-ups in Belgium and the UK,
Neighbourhood regeneration, Sharing economy Technology Trends: Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key Facts:
It is referred also to as Person-to-person rental, P2p renting, Collaborative Consumption, the sharing economy and Product Service System.
The service is based on Internet and the principles of open knowledge and the sharing economy.
and gather evidence on its effect on the economy and on cross-border activity. They will examine the effectiveness of self-regulatory and legislative frameworks put in place to address those practices at national level
and market for secure ICT and contribute to the growth and competitiveness of the EU economy;
and wholesalers should also play their part in this awareness-raising. 1. 4. MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS With the digitisation of the economy and the gathering of data,
We believe that ecoinnovations in SMES will contribute to a making a green economy work in Europe and worldwide.
new markets New business models Enhancing quality of life Creating new and sustainable jobs Material security Resource justice economy environment society politics Figure 2:
and impacts by limiting extraction of virgin resources and by limiting unused extraction Consider renewable and secondary resources (circular economy) Reduce cost by improving efficiency of extraction Comply with
USA) website contains a wide range of resources that could be useful for ecoinnovators. www4. shwec. uwm. edu/shwec The Money back through the window initiative of the KÖVET Association for Sustainable Economies
Towards the circular economy. Economic and business rationale for an accelerated tradition. 7 WEF 2012:
and can be found online. www. oecd. org/innovation/green/toolkit The Guide Towards The Circular Economy of the Ellen Macarthur Foundation offers interesting guidance on how businesses can benefit from adopting new practices
based on the circular economy philosophy. www. thecirculareconomy. org. Several in depth case studies also provide insights on how companies have changed their material inputs,
and examples. www. defra. gov. uk/environment/economy/products-consumers/green-claims-labels/Learning Resources Eco-innovate products
economy and society. www. eco-innovera. eu Ecopol is a transnational public partnership that aims to accelerate the implementation of ecoinnovation policies across Europe.
as well as other emerging economies, allows the extrapolation of the results at an international level, in view of improving the quality of the integration of ecoinnovations into the normal activity of SMES.
the relationship between diffusion, learning economies and subsidies, at http://www. merit. unu. edu 15 Cojanu Valentin (Coord.
Effects of Business Groups on Innovation in Emerging Economies, Management Science, Vol. 50, No. 10.oct 2004), pp. 1348-1365 29 Newton JL, Freyfogle E (2005), Sustainability:
As such, e-commerce has contributed significantly to the European economy in general and the success of the European Single Digital Market in particular.
Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit sponsored by Microsoft The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 1 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Acknowledgements
Survey results 34 Contents 2 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 3 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Reaping the benefits of ICT:
Europe's productivity challenge is an Economist Intelligence Unit white paper, sponsored by Microsoft. The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole editorial responsibility for the content of the report.
The findings and views expressed in this white paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor.
Laza Kekic of the Economist Intelligence Unit produced the crosssection model that underpins some of the key findings in this report.
April 2004 Acknowledgements 4 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Once again Europe finds itself at a technology crossroads.
the Economist Intelligence Unit conducted empirical research to investigate the strength of ICT's impact on economic growth, based on a cross-section model of 60 countries.
The report also makes extensive use of the Economist Intelligence Unit's international business environment rankings.
The link between ICT and growth is developed strong in economies. The Economist Intelligence Unit's cross-section analysis of 60 countries confirms the general view that ICT is linked strongly to economic growth in developed countries.
At the same time, the impact of ICT is weak in emerging markets and our analysis suggests this may be
Executive Summary The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 5 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge ICT accounts for much of Europe's lag behind the US in growth performance in recent years.
The performance of other European economies is mixed, with The netherlands and Austria performing well in some areas,
therefore have a large impact on the economy's ability to reap greater economic growth and productivity gains.
and changes to educational 6 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge curricula.
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 7 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge In March 2000,
European union leaders signed up to an economic reforms strategy that seeks no less than to transform the EU into the world's most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy.
and economists that the EU as a whole was falling behind the United states in key measures of economic growth, most crucially that of labour productivity growth.
and is primarily based on empirical research conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit. It includes the results of a cross-section examination of 60 countries, covering the 1995-2002 period,
The conclusions draw on findings from the Economist Intelligence Unit's survey of 100 senior business executives,
Introduction 8 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Part
The role of technology in the economy is now a subject of government policy across the globe,
*Most economists believe this productivity surge can be traced in part to the benefits of ICT production and use.
Some go further, claiming ICT has delivered fundamental and lasting change in the US economy, leading to a permanent improvement in its growth prospects.
Some economists believe the traditional growth-accounting studies that paint ICT in such a positive light are flawed.
and productivity A new empirical study conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit takes a different approach to the traditional growth-accounting models referred to above,
Using this model, together with a variety of indices such as the Economist Intelligence Unit's business environment rankings
In other words, ICT penetration and usage needs to attain critical mass before it will make a significant positive impact on a country's economy.
the four Nordic countries, the UK, Netherlands and Switzerland also score highest in the Economist Intelligence Unit's index of ICT enablers (see p. 11,
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 9 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Labour productivity growth and ICT Aggregate labour productivity growth and ICT contribution
OECD Along with Ireland, the US recorded the biggest increases in ICT contribution to labour productivity growth in the 1996-2002 period. 10 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT
*ICT accounts for most of the gap in GDP per head growth between the US and euro zone big three In addition to reinforcing the link between ICT and increased productivity and growth in developed economies such as Europe
The Economist Intelligence Unit's forecasts of GDP growth indicate that Europe is unlikely to close this gap
European effectiveness in harnessing ICT The Economist Intelligence Unit's research confirms that most European countries lag significantly behind the US in key measures of ICT investment
whereas Sweden, Denmark and Finland actually outperform*OECD, 2003 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 11 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge it.
However, several economists believe the UK is on the cusp of an acceleration in productivity growth on the strength of its effective use of ICT.
Economist Intelligence Unit The ICT infrastructure index used here combines six connectivity variables penetration of traditional fixed lines, broadband access lines, mobile phones, PCS, Internet users and Internet servers
Continued on page 14 12 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Three ways ICT can boost the economy 1. ICT investment.
Economists believe ICT capital investment has made a sizeable contribution to GDP growth in many developed countries in the past decade,
Despite a dip since 2000, many economists see ICT investment growth in both the US
an economist who argues that the 1990s boom owed much to transitory factors and that the drivers of demand for ICT goods will be weaker over the next half-decade3.
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, 2003.0 100 200 300 400 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Software Communication equipment IT equipment The Economist
Despite this, few economists or policymakers believe governments should intervene to create or boost an ICT-producing sector artificially.
Dirk Pilat, an economist at the OECD, argues that only a few firms can compete in this area5.
Ultimately, the biggest payoff from ICT is a sustainable boost to productivity growth throughout the rest of the economy in the ICT-using sectors.
Economists studying TFP growth in Europe's ICT-using industries have seen little (if any) sign of an acceleration here.
Many economists conclude that this is because of the time-lag between the point where countries invest heavily in ICT
Bartelsman and Hinloopen, 2002 3gordon, 2002 and 2003 4van Ark et al, 2002 5pilat and Wölfl, 2004 6oecd, 2003 14 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits
of ICT Europe's productivity challenge largest and richest economies inevitably lead the way in harnessing ICT.
The Economist Intelligence Unit's forecasts suggest that on current trend, most European countries show no sign of closing the gap in growth with the US.
Ahmad, et al, 2004 2ahmad, et al, 2004 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 15 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge To reap the benefits of ICT we must invest in the parallel areas of organisational capital
yet most of the EU countries continue to be outpaced by the US economy. The rewards of ICT depend on a complex interaction between technology
the Economist Intelligence Unit conducted a survey of 100 senior business executives, as well as in depth interviews with a range of European policymakers and business leaders.
16 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Commission shows that only 4%of Europeans have set up a business in the past three years,
or implementation 23 Lack of ICT skills in workforce 22 Employee resistance to change 22 Other 3 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 17 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe
. Effective laws to protect intellectual property 34 27 23 9 6 18 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge ICT
unfettered competition Our cross-section analysis of 60 countries appeared to confirm a strong link in developed economies between the quality of the business environment and the economic impact of ICT.
Strong competition in the economy as a whole encourages other companies to use technology to innovate with their products,
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 19 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Restrictive product-market regulation is another area where innovation can be stifled.
Bart van Ark, an economist from the University of Gröningen, believes restrictive product markets discourage innovation and ultimately the effective use of ICT.
Many economists argue that Europe's labour market regulations are too restrictive and that they deter companies from reorganising the workplace.
Policymakers and economists diverge however, on the link between labour regulations and productivity growth, and on the desirability of policy initiatives to effect change.
Van Ark and O'Mahony, 2003 20 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge unfavourably with the US.
Bridging the R&d gap The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 21 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge attempting to extend the benefits
and too many 22 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge standards-related initiatives stop at national borders.
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 23 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Europe's challenge is to create a business environment where innovation can thrive
and where the benefits of ICT are readily available at all levels of the economy. Creating that environment
The eeurope 2005 plan (the part of the Lisbon agenda concerned with creating a knowledge-based economy in Europe)
which most economists believe is too restrictive in most of Europe. Despite this, many policymakers (as well as executives judging from our survey) do not see labour market reform as a priority.
risks and Part III Unleashing the enablers of growth 24 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge commercial impact of new technology.
Fortunately, most have used this dominance to aggressively roll out digital subscriber line (DSL) The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 25 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge broadband networks and services,
By dint of its sheer weight in the economy, this type of government procurement can help to aggregate demand for new products and services.
e-government from the East 26 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge online,
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 27 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge The Economist Intelligence Unit conducted a crosssection empirical analysis of 60 countries covering the years 1995-2002.
The Economist Intelligence Unit's approach also has advantages over existing cross-section studies, in that most of these have focused on ICT investment across countries.
The Economist Intelligence Unit's model is wellbehaved in that in the full 60-country sample all the standard determinants of growth
background and explanation 28 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix A: Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge the role of ICT.
a measure of the openness of economies, a measure of real exchange-rate variability and our composite index of the quality of the business environment and microeconomic policies.
Economist Intelligence Unit 1 0. 50-0. 5-1o 5 10 This chart relates ICT development to growth in GDP per head,
Above a certain level of ICT development the upward-sloping part of the curve), network effects from a minimum mass of ICT in the economy and the experience derived from earlier ICT development mean that the benefits of increasing ICT
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 29 Appendix A: Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Table 1 Equation 1 Equation 2 Equation 3 Coefficients t Stat Coefficients t
a country is rated as an open economy according to the following four criteria:(1) average tariff rates below 40%;(
BUSENV an index constructed by the Economist Intelligence Unit of the business environment (on a 1-10 scale) based on indicators grouped in the following categories:
The composite ICT infrastructure/use index, on a 1-10 scale, is a simple average of the 4 component indexes. 30 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix A:
The growth advantage that the euro zone economies had in terms of lower initial GDP per head (the catch up potential) and higher investment rates is cancelled roughly out by the effects of the US's superior business environment and schooling.
0. 909 0. 945 N 26 26 26 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 31 Appendix A:
major euro zone economies is again attributable to ICT. Although the forecast EU average in 2004-08 is exactly equal to the 1995-2002 actual figure,
there will be greater variability in individual EU economies'performance with some countries accelerating their growth, which in part is related to ICT developments. 32 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix A:
Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Table 5 Growth rates of real GDP per, annual average 2004-08,%Actual Forecast 1995-2002
UK 2. 41 2. 45 US 2. 14 2. 12 EU-15 2. 07 2. 07 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004
Bartelsman, Eric, Andrea Bassanini, John Haltiwanger, Ron Jarmin, Stefano Scarpetta and Thorsten Schank, 2002, The Spread of ICT and Productivity Growth Is Europe Really Lagging Behind in the New Economy?
IT and Multifactor Productivity in U s. Service industries, Paper Prepared for the Texas A&m Conference, The New Economy:
Van Ark, Bart, 2003, The Productivity Problem of the Dutch Economy: Implications for Economic and Social policies and Business Strategy, Research Memorandum GD-66, Groningen:
Bibliography 34 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Appendix C:
which is by the Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by Microsoft, seeks to answer these crucial questions.
%respondents) Public sector 18 Private sector 82 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 35 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge 4. Please tell us what industry
%respondents) $500m-$1bn 19 $1bn-$3bn 5 $3bn-$8bn 5 $8bn or more 11 Not applicable 3 $500m or less 57 36 The Economist Intelligence Unit
China 12 33 55 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 37 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Which of the following countries have the highest levels of ICT literacy as an average across the whole population?(%
China 10 34 56 38 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge How important are the following aspects of the business environment in enabling your company to benefit from ICT?(%
and ICT investment 14 Restrictive working practices 14 Publicity ramifications of automating jobs 5 Other 2 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 39 Appendix C:
-democracy 15 Regulation to protect consumer interests 19 Other 0 40 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix C:
%1 Above 50%0 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 41 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge What proportion of the following business processes are automated in your company?(%
%respondents) 10-25%12 26-50%13 51-75%2 More than 75%4 Less than 10%69 42 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix C:
%respondents) Less than 25%12 25-50%26 50-75%40 100%1 75-99%21 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 43 Appendix C:
44 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Whilst every effort has been taken to verify the accuracy of this information,
neither The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd. nor the sponsors of this report can accept any responsibility or liability for reliance by any person on this white paper or any of the information,
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