Schumpeter constructs his analysis in the economic environment and sees an actor-transformer in anybody who can implement a new combination of arrangements in a firm, an organization with an economic vocation.
and if it is located in an appropriate diffusion or propagation environment. To a certain extent, Veblen's theory is imbued
and even goes beyond Schumpeter's analysis by bringing out the effects of reciprocity between technique/technology and the social environment.
not only do technologies have an effect on the cultural and institutional environment, but this institutional environment itself exerts an effect on the technologies.
Thus, a form of reciprocity of effects exists between the social context and the technologies (or innovation,
The overall objective of the programme is to foster a business-friendly environment for SMES with a view to ensuring
They contribute to creating a favourable environment for SME development and innovation and help in their internationalization.
incl. training models and an innovation friendly environment incl. CSR) Weaknesses in networking Lack of internal research capabilities Shortage of financial resources Shortage of innovation management skills Insufficient marketing of innovation 21 It is also useful to visualize this information in a schematic
and open Regional Innovation Strategies Developing an open innovation environment Innovation Systems INOLINK http://www. inolink. eu/Innovation Policy in University City Regions
Education and culture Finance Regulatory environment and procurement Infrastructure Support and technical assistance Those from the‘finance',‘regulatory environment and procurement'and‘support and technical assistance'categories may also relate to the innovation capacity of SMES;
(Technological Environment Innovation Subsidy) or specific types of SMES (Young Innovative Enterprises Contract: MINI-EUROPE28 o Technological Environment Innovation Subsidy DISTRICT+29 o Joint R&d call PERIA23 o Young innovative Enterprises Contract, with grants
and public loans ERIK ACTION30 27 INNOSUP-4-2014 within the‘Innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises'Work Programme 28 GP described in the MINI-EUROPE Good
The mechanism also aimed to promote investment in developing strategic areas such as quality, new technologies, environment, security and hygiene.
With their wide knowledge of the territory and environment they can guide the fund to the most needed areas
and responds to the unique circumstances of the commercial and industrial environment. -Group development approach:
It creates a business to business environment in a regional context. It is a flexible but simple concept.
maintain and sustain members'relationships in distributed work environments). The VE/VO was tested particularly in the field of technological innovation and technology transfer,
Information is provided to companies through a website containing business opportunities, reports on the business environment and selected sectors such as water, energy, construction in 22 countries.
Fabrica Ethica hinges on the respect for workers, consumer rights and the environment. It encourages an approach based on continuous improvements
to foster and support the development of productive clusters o Cluster Support Environment Model, focusing on the physical infrastructure requirements of a cluster o Regional Innovation Pole of Western Greece,
Cluster Support Environment Model (NW England) in the MINI-EUROPE project: This good practice has been developed based on activity undertaken by the Sixth Framework Programme (CLUNET project.
and cooperation Cluster management MINI-EUROPE Cluster Support Environment Model Clustering physical infrastructure requirements to facilitate growth
They can provide a favourable environment for the innovation of SMES. 4. 3 Recommendations for local & regional policymakers not addressed by the projects We have noticed that some activities that could address‘innovation capacity of SMES'barriers were not
including the SHARP-CLOUD environment (the tool used to interconnect the GPS identified in terms of issues tackled, topics,
This SHARP-CLOUD environment is enabling organisations, including SMES, to form and join online communities,
maintain and sustain member relationships in distributed work environments). The VE/VO was experimented particularly in the field of technological innovation
The mechanism also aimed to promote investment in developing strategic areas such as quality, new technologies, environment, security and hygiene.
With their deep knowledge of the territory and environment they can guide the fund to the most needed areas
Fabrica Ethica hinges on the respect for workers, consumer rights and the environment. It encourages an approach that is based on continuous improvements
advising and mentoring resource staffed by local experts from the academia and business environment, available for private individuals as well as businessmen and other entrepreneurs,
Information is provided to companies through a website containing business opportunities, reports on the business environment and selected sectors such as water, energy, construction in 22 countries.
The food sector always needs to adapt to consumers and social issues (environment, climate and health issues.
http://interregminieurope. com/76 Annex 3-PERIA Technological Environment Innovation Subsidy (Vouchers) Cluster Supp (Cluster mgmt) I-CREO (Internationalisatio Productive Clusters
conferences and seminars, organized in cooperation with regional authorities, business environment institutions or entrepreneurs'associations,
AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT...23 Summary...30 DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALISATION STRATEGIES: THE ROLE OF REGIONAL...PROFILNG AND INDICATORS...
and national governments for allocating resources in an environment of structural change and uncertainty, risk, and information asymmetries.
Governments should create the necessary conditions, environment, dynamics and structures through which entrepreneurs and government learn about costs
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION OECD 2013 23 SMART SPECIALISATION IN THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CONTEXT AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT Although in many ways, the European union is a laboratory for the elaboration of smart specialisation strategies,
or systemic failure but they also intervene with specific goals especially in markets for goods that are public or semipublic such as national security, health and the environment.
and specific policy areas (e g. industry, health, agriculture, environment and culture) can play a crucial role during the process of designing the innovation strategies9 (EC-IPTS (2011).
Based on this, the Grains Research and development Corporation (GRDC) identifies the most likely drivers of change in the GRDC's immediate and broader business environments over the next five years.
This database makes it possible to make versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment.
The Tekes 2008 strategic focus area paper People-Economy-Environment Choices for building the future represented the main linkage between regional and national strategies.
Smart Mobility, Solar and energy in built environment, Smart Materials, Lifetec&health (including Homecare), Design. Source:
the GRDC has identified the most likely drivers of change in the GRDC's immediate and broader business environments over the next five years.
'The leading actor in the development of FISCH was essencia Flanders, the multi-sector business federation of the life sciences and chemical companies in Flanders, in cooperation with VITO, the public research institute for environment
Increase in costs that are reflected not to retail prices Inadequacy of industrial design capabilities Threats Second hand vehicle imports from the EU Uncertainties in studies conducted in energy efficiency and environment legislation Enormous increases
which allow adapted environment for a bottom-up and an entrepreneurial discovery of the technology needs of each sector.
Environment, Energy and Resources; Safety; Design and Production Systems; Electrical Vehicles Special Research; Nano-technology in Automotive;
but also the longer term challenges and the infrastructure and environment in which the industry sat.
problem solving and open innovation environment that encourage businesses and researchers to explore new frontiers in science, technology,
and environments that attract and retain businesses and create attractive and exciting places for people to learn,
and creating an environment that allows workplace mobility, and hence the possibility of open innovation and idea cross fertilisation.
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Institute for Regional Development and Environment INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
such as the Steering committee (high-level political group), the Coordinating Committee (expert group) and four thematic working groups comprising 80 people from all three triple helix environments.
and entrepreneurs and creating an attractive environment for research and development, and technological innovation; preference is given to R&d
and socioeconomic fields (health care, life environment, etc..There are six national R&d programmes launched, including sub-measures:
The Tekes 2008 strategic focus area paper People-Economy-Environment Choices for building the future represented the main linkage between regional and national strategies.
This database makes it possible to make versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment.
namely environment, design and practice-based innovation. This model of thought enabled the collaboration of all the strategies, plans and bodies in the region.
iv) Timber built environments and scarce resources in housing; and iv) Design services. Figure 2. 8. National (Lead Market) Themes and Practices in 2008-2010 Source:
The three chosen top areas of expertise are the environment, design and practice-based innovation.
which is the leader in Finland in innovation environment research. The team has participated also in the practical testing and developing of the model;
LUT Lahti Schoolof Innovation) Ecodesignsustainableinnovationuser-drivenr&dfinnovaatiosampocleantech/Environment (keyorganizationalplayer: Lahti Science and Business Park) INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
OSKE program on environment. Tekes as a national R&d funder; iii) EU's smart specialisation agenda;
Finally, Lahti needs to link vocational education to the development of the innovation environment and increase international education and research cooperation.
the strategic combination of the new practice-based innovation philosophy with the top three areas of expertise led to a novel innovation environment, that could,
but also in the production and application of environment-friendly energy and OECD 2013 131 cutting-edge energy efficiency technologies.
energy, health, ICT, new materials, environment and agriculture, society in sustainable socioeconomic development, safety and defence.
which aims to direct investment-related support for SMES and strengthening of their institutional environment and support for commercialisation of research.
& Environment and in Biology (see Table 3. 2). Unfortunately, the absolute publication numbers are too low to give any valid assessment on the level of subdomains.
, energy Nanotechnology, materials Agrifood Noord Brabant Smart Mobility, Solar&energy in built environment, Smart Materials, Homecare, Design Life science, biotech, biomedicine, pharma, health
solar&energy in built environment; smart materials; homecare; design. The targeted policy instruments used to support the identified domains span across a whole range of policy domains (R&d, education infrastructure, FDI attraction.
In the same vein, supporting these niches demands a synergetic approach from different fields of policies (research, technology, innovation, industrial policy, environment policy, education and training, etc..
while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come.
and The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs."
and the business environment in which they operate according to Burrone and Jaiya (2005). Leseure (2000) in support observed that,
It terms of flexibility, SMES were found to be better in providing an environment for innovation.
All the above themes such as fostering a creative environment, the right leadership in addition, listen to new ideas, top management play multiple roles,
and strategies periodically in order to suit the changing environment From the hypotheses conducted, the results showed that there was link between innovation and SMES operations sustainability.
Virtual Environments Innovation and R&d Activities, University of Technology Malaysia, Malaysia. Essentials, 1999. Entrepreneurship development, 2: 1 http://www. essentials-on-entrepreneurship. pdf. Accessed 25 october 2012 Ettlie, J. E. & Rubenstein, A. H. 1987, Firm size and product
As well as the detrimental impacts on the urban environment itself, congestion adversely affects economic competitiveness, social cohesion and sustainable growth in Europe.
Changing mobility culture Breaking the cycle of increasing urban congestion and accompanying impacts on economy, society and the environment requires a change in mindset by both decision makers and transport users.
In addition, the European commission's Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment adopted in 2006, stresses the contribution of urban mobility trends to the environmental challenges faced by many cities and towns in Europe.
noise hindrance, damage to the built environment and social exclusion, as well as increasing traffic volumes and congestion.
Greener urban transport contributes to reducing transport's impact on climate change, the environment and human health.
This situation leads to concerns about security of supply as well as to a significant deficit in the EU trade balance and increasing costs to the environment.
The 2011 Transport White paper stresses the need to phase out‘conventionally fuelled'vehicles in the urban environment
The policy aims to minimise the consequences of congestion and pollution in the urban environment,
Citymobil Advanced Transport for the Urban Environment, Final Citymobil Brochure, November 2011. Civitas Initiative (2012:
Communication from the Commission on the Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment, COM (2005) 718 final, Brussels. European commission (2007a:
Those who mastered these laws survived in the new environment. Those who did not failed.
Changes that are not only better for the environment, but which also lead to an upgrading of this sector,
while the generator of the variations (potential innovations) can take into account the characteristics of the selection environment in innovation processes.
The technological environment within which firms operate has been transformed. Technology has become so complex that it cannot be handled by individual corporations.
Those who establish weak ties with their environment may not favourably react to public policies which emphasis on inter-firm collaboration.
So they only innovate under the pressure of their environment. They limit their contacts with the external environment to suppliers and clients.
The management style is centralised. The second kind of entrepreneurial managers encourage rapid growth of their company.
and is open to its institutional environment. 4. 1. 1. The sector of production of the innovation The innovative projects were classified according to The french Industrial Classification of Products and Activities (NAF 16)( SESSI, 1995).
Firms must focus both on the interface between the departments and the external environment and on horizontal communication among departments.
Due to the lack of resources usually common within the small firm environment, a stronger understanding of the factors contributing to their innovative performance is beneficial 1. Why is past performance a better indicator of firm innovation
or otherwise can by its nature be altered quickly by either internal or external events in the firm environment.
Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (1), 75-87.6 Gundry, L. K,
3m Design for environment: P&g, SCJ, Visteon Staged gate process Dow Partnered eco-efficiency analysis:
Through a Life cycle Matrix and Life cycle Management (LCM) teams, 3m ensures that its business units take a holistic approach to addressing environment, health, safety,
On the environment axis, the product's ecological fingerprint is measured according to criteria in five categories:
This redirects policy attention to the business environment, venture capital and business development support. The research recommendation is to include the notion of absorptive capacity in studies of innovation systems.
The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 4 comprises the business environment, education systems and the regional ability to attract
The relatively weak but improving business environment, and education system reduce the ability to innovate. The question is
Contextual variables that influence innovation are macroeconomic stability, the education system and the business environment. As these are likely to be incomplete in emerging economies,
The relatively high density and closeness to the cultural city of Yogyakarta create a conduce environment for innovative firms.
Standards of production, quality, environment and labor were audited. IKEA audited the firm, their subcontractors, suppliers,
Keeping design and clients a secret is a dream in such an environment. However, joint activities of exporters where innovative firms join forces-at a horizontal level
it allows high educated entrepreneurs to live in the attractive living environment of Yogyakarta and remain connected to global value chains
as well as clear quality standards related to product safety, environment and labor. However, Indonesia mainly follows international standards.
The past two decades the business environment improved considerably. Ease of doing business improved, while the sector and Yogyakarta became more attractive for high educated business startups.
The past decades the Indonesian government has increasingly been able to create an enabling business environment.
In combination with a more attractive sector and a better business environment, it helps understanding the establishment of highly innovative firms by highly educated in sectors such as IT, T-shirts, lady bags,
The business environment and attractiveness of the sector for high educated improved considerably the past two decades,
business environment, city attractiveness and venture capital. Despite significant improvements in these fields, improvements are needed still.
and for the safe integration of nomadic devices into the car environment.>>AIMS:>>define the required measures for the safe use and operation while driving of inbuilt and nomadic information, communication and navigation equipment and for the safe interaction of nomadic devices with the driver,
and to construct a simulation environment for the evaluation of new technologies. A general-purpose driver behaviour interface test equipment (D-BITE) was produced,
to enable vehicles to‘understand'the environment around them. They facilitate control, accident avoidance and journey planning either by providing the driver with information,
will greatly increase the quality and reliability of personalised information available to drivers about their immediate environment and impending situations.
5 CITYMOBIL Towards advanced road transport for the urban environment. The CITYMOBIL project builds on the results of recent European
reducing the impact of freight distribution on the city environment.''One more approach to reducing the number of circulating vehicles,
especially applicable in crowded urban environments, is the introduction of multipurpose vehicles that can be adapted for different functions according to demand at any given time.
/end 01/09/2006 30/06/2009 Website http://heavyroute. fehrl. org Damage limitation The high weight of long range trucks poses some threats to the surrounding environment,
8 1. 1. The international environment of the government RDI strategy...10 1. 2. National overview...
also important are the system of tax benefits, the rules on competition law, the institutional environment of innovation, the forms of higher education,
If the government can nurture such an environment or ecosystem, using the technical jargon for public institutions
In this regard, the task of government is creating the necessary favourable environment rather than contributing to sectoral investments.
overview of 1the situation 1. 1. The international environment of the government RDI strategy The competitiveness of the European union in the field of research and development and innovation (RDI) has been deteriorating for a long time at the global level.
The international economic processes and the macroeconomic environment: this includes foreign working capital financing, advances in the structure of the economy, participation in global processes even amid economic-financial turbulence.
The predictable and supportive functioning of the legal environment: the legal system is an essential prerequisite for innovation,
and by improving the business environment (e g. by further reducing administrative burden, particularly in case of start-ups and innovative enterprises) Improvement of entrepreneurial skills and spirit:
The uncertainties in education environment and the decreasing prestige of the teaching career hinder talent management and new supply of researchers.
The regulatory-supportive environment and institutional structure defining RDI are not efficient enough the policy objective cannot be realized by the institutional system.
legislation relevant to the economic and innovation environment is consistent with the national legislation of developed countries. 20 2 Identification of the problem
The strengthening of RDI-friendly economic and regulatory environment. The strengthening of university knowledge centres
RDI processes The incentives of technology transfer are not efficient Inefficient adaptive innovations (e g. spread of ICT is slow) There is too few (R&d-based) high-tech small enterprises The R&d tax environment is uncertain The innovation potential of the public sector
governmental) institutional structure and regulatory environment supporting RDI is not efficient (including the system of funding programmes
(slowed down foreign direct investment inflows, worsening attitude towards competitiveness/business environment etc. No balanced, sustainable growth and development{..
and concentrating resources is not successful There are good solutions introduced in an environment that lacks resources
and innovation environment and ensuring a good supply of high quality professionals and researchers. A further goal is to create a culture of new,
activities in the health care, environment, energy, education, transport/logistics sectors 1) Elaboration of reading and strategic proposals on the health care, environmental, energy and transport-logistics innovation systems,
H5 Compliance with global social challenges H6 Sound and innovation-friendly economic and regulatory environment The satisfaction and implementation of the horizontal priorities are detailed in Annex 6. C9.
Stable and innovation-friendly business and administrative environment getting rid of the red tape, evidence-based RDI policy governance, evaluation and learning strategic RDI management of the state 2020:
Tax incentives and tax return qualification, legislative rationalisation---Support for cluster activities Implementers of the public sector innovation activities in the health care, environment, energy, education, transport/logistics sectors elaboration
high-level management of independent evaluations related to the advanced management of the instruments intended for implementing the strategy, observation of the science-,technology-and innovation policy and RDI policy competitive environment and observation and evaluation
the implementation of the RDI strategy assumes a predictable business environment, tax-side incentives and direct support such that ensuring the implementation framework is established through fiscal policy In the area of science policy:
while strategic management shall also cover the planning, management, evaluation of the implementation, taking into account changes in the environment.
which the companies take account of the interests of society by having regard to effect of their activities on their business partners, suppliers, employees, shareholders and also the environment.
An additional aim of the training is to ensure that the graduated engineers have gained meaningful practice in business environment,
and developing the regulatory environment supporting the implementation of the plans. Thus the platforms provide a strategic partnership for elaborating national innovation strategies
ethical and legal consequences of specific technologies during their application and provides information on establishing a more efficient future regulatory environment and strategic planning for the policy decision makers.
28 Analytical approach The analytical structure of the stocktaking of the National Innovation System Figure 27 Macro-and industrial economic environment Modern,
The beneficiary key sectors of (scientific and industrial) use can include the health sector and medical science, the environment-friendly solutions (e g. energy efficiency), the food production, the IT sector etc.
facilitates the development of an adequate legal and financial environment and makes recommendations to research infrastructure development projects important for the progress of the European Research Area (ERA).
H6 Sound and innovation-friendly economic and regulatory environment: Confidence-building measures towards RDI activities and less bureaucracy are essential.
More environment-friendly legal environment: The new rules improve the efficiency of processes in the fields of mobility and calls for proposals.
in any given environment firms still have investment choices. These choices are in part dependent on management practices
with high spillovers that may be taken advantage of by other organizations. 167 In such an environment,
(in PPS€)( environment-related technologies; health) OECD Eurostat 2003 2010 2. 3. 3 Community trademarks per billion GDP (in PPS€) Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market Eurostat 2005 2012
Eurostat 2010 2. 3. 2 PCT patents applications in societal challenges per billion GDP (in PPS€)( environment-related technologies;
OECD Eurostat 2. 3. 2 PCT patent applications in societal challenges per billion GDP (in PPS€) Number of PCT patent applications in Environment-related technologies and Health.
and environment-related technologies and is increased relevant as numbers of patent applications in health technology and environmentrelated technologies will be necessary to meet the societal needs of an ageing European society and sustainable growth.
environment and climate change; energy and transport; agriculture and food security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda;
Governments can also encourage innovation through appropriate intellectual property and competition laws and, more generally, through the development of a business environment conducive to innovation.
it is necessary to create an innovation friendly environment: low administrative costs, tolerance towards business failure, a friendly business climate,
The Amazon case shows the importance of the business environment, the existence of a single market and the efficiency of services.
and nurturing environment with mentors who were able to protect them and indulge their activities.
Amazon key lessons The more advantageous business environment in the USA was a key factor for Amazon's successful start up and growth in its first few years.
The USA therefore proved to be a more conducive environment to launch a business that depended on holding such information with less need to reassure customers over privacy and security.
health and demographic change, food security and the bio-economy with sustainable agriculture, the environment with clean energy and transport.
Google's founders benefited from a very supportive, nurturing environment, with mentors who were able to protect them
the cultural capital consists of the inherited cultures of the environment and the team. This is why a past failure is considered valuable in Silicon valley.
Regulatory interventions to improve the policy environment for innovation (e g. in our cases we observed the stigma of bankruptcy, restrictions on mobility by labour laws,
At Stanford, Google's founders benefited from a very supportive, nurturing environment, with mentors who were able to protect them
it is necessary to create a proper innovation friendly environment: low administrative costs, tolerance towards business failure, a friendly business climate,
The Amazon case shows the importance of the business environment, the existence of a single market and efficiency of services.
The environment: Stanford university and research funding and the support of the university and the access to Silicon valley high tech/angel investor/VC network.
the tax and legal environment is clear and consistent and the government has a very pragmatic approach to business.
But the next step in development of organic transistors required engineering a practical product, with a well-focused industrial environment,
The IPMS in Dresden enables the IAPP of the Technical University of Dresden to scale up its technology in a well-controlled environment (NSF WTEC 2010.
Integration into target application environment After sales Test and correct Generic Robotics Value Chain For each extra system Auxiliary systems for systems integration Systems Integration Bought-in components for manufacture Control,
Governments can also encourage innovation through appropriate intellectual property and competition laws and, more generally, through the development of a business environment conducive to innovation.
environment and climate change; energy and transport; agriculture and food security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda;
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