2) innovative socio economic models (3) energy and environment;(3) participation and open governance,(4) science, culture and education;(
and that will lead to the creation of the right enabling environment for DSI to flourish.
and seek an impact in (Health, well-being and inclusion, Sustainable socioeconomic models, Energy and environment, Participatory open government,
to new ways of improving the quality of the environment, to mass scale behavioural and political changes that empower communities and transition to a low carbon economy.
and change a variety of domains ranging from health and well-being, to democracy, sustainability and environment,
2) innovative socio economic models (3) energy and environment;(3) participation and open governance,(4) science, culture and education;(
and communities are beginning to aggregate the layers of data that increasingly permeate the urban environment
and integrated within the learning environment. 27 Table 4 Health, wellbeing and inclusion Sustainable socioeconomic models Energy
and environment Participative open government Pioneering science, culture & education Smart public services Open Networks Confine Opengarden. net Everyaware Commons 4eu Tor project Make sense Freecoin Smart Santander Open Data Wikiprogress Open Corporates
and makes their city smarter, in terms of innovative and efficient infrastructure, the environment, quality of life, modern administration and engaged citizens.
and test their services with citizens in a real life environment and thus improve their competitiveness.
Communia, an EU wide thematic Network that focuses on strategic policy discussion of existing and emerging issues concerning the public domain in the digital environment is one example of this,
and interpret open data coming from people and from the environment Open Vienna City SDK Open knowledge co-production of new knowledge and crowd mobilisation based on open content,
An Open Sensor Network (OSN) is a Wireless Sensor Network that manages Open information in an Open environment.
and forwards the gathered information to the central point within a wireless environment. Sensor networks are used widely in the fields of mobility, transport, environment, geography, meteorology and tourism.
They are key infrastructures of a smart city by providing basic data on the usage of energy, pollution, geodata, traffic, geography & meteorological, tourism and so on.
An ecosystem means that there is an interdependent and dynamic constellation of living organisms acting within a global socioeconomic environment.
Energy and environment, Smart public services, Pioneering science Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities:
so that it can sense the surrounding environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and,
The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C/C++ micro controller libraries are licensed under the LGPL.
The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C/C++ micro controller libraries are under the LGPL. 61 Avaaz At a glance:
with most staff working collaboratively in a virtual office environment from four continents so as to ensure‘even the smallest contributions go a long way.'
national and global in orientation and concerned with democracy, politics & representation, economy, education, environment & sustainability, anti-discrimination, equality & social justice, health, human rights, international development,
and through this support provide a step change in how to deliver services in urban environments.
and explore with users in‘real-life environments, 'using primarily 81 three new technologies:‘‘Super Wifi, Sensor integration into wifi networks and fibre deployment as commons (both new techniques such as aerial as well as fibre bandwidth management'.
and strategic policy discussion of existing and emerging issues concerning the public domain in the digital environment'.
and around the public domain in the digital environment by highlighting the challenges arising from the increasingly complex interface between scientific progress, technological innovation, cultural development,
and to take strategic action on all issues related to the public domain in the digital environment and related topics.
and constantly changing environment requires the deployment of distributed service infrastructures that exploit locality, react to environmental changes
Health and wellbeing, Energy and environment Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
To enhance its potential by creating a more favourable environment (social, cultural, political, economic. To raise its visibility by searching for promising initiatives and communicating their existence and significance to a larger audience.
and behaviour change, was funded and commissioned by DEFRA (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs based in the UK)
Health and wellbeing, science, energy and environment, participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open networks, Open data, Open knowledge, Open hardware DSI activities:
http://www. everyaware. eu Short description The Everyaware project aims to empower citizens to engage actively in improving their own environment and making it more sustainable.
Involving citizens in the process of monitoring the environment, combining objective and subjective measures Enhance citizens'awareness Ultimately change individuals'behaviour Putting pressure on policy makers.
and how citizens can become engaged in assessing the state of the environment through ICT
which allow the citizens to directly assess the state of the environment; social networking tools, which allow effective data and opinion collection,
Education and Skills, Science, Culture and Arts, Energy and Environment Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
Fablab Amsterdam uses digital fabrication to create an open hardware environment, and builds an open network based on that, in
This initiative thereby addresses issues of‘health food access and equality, environment, food security, and community cohesion.'
and the benefit of participating in such open innovation environments for DIY product designers. In addition to showcasing opportunities for DIY making,
Insecure funding environment: Funding streams normally come and go much faster than project will need them to survive.
and a favourable funding environment (grants with loose ties) were critical to mysociety succeeding in 2003/4.
Environment Agency Austria, small municipality of Engerwitzdorf, City of Graz, Region of Styria and others.
to create it an environment with ease, where patients share data about their treatments, symptoms,
Firstly, the platform seeks to create a more sustainable environment, where people instead of purchasing products borrow
Limited storage space in dense urban environment preventing consumers to keep all the goods they occasionally use,
Its robustness and low maintenance requirements make it particularly suitable for harsher environments in many developing countries.
so can work more easily in electrical off-grid environments. Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team's original predicted figure of 10
In 2013 a Raspberry Pi ICT learning environment was installed at Dachio Primary and JHS Schools,
This means that it work more easily in electrical off-grid environments, making it an ideal device for educational purposes in developing countries, etc.
Offline Environments: While the Pi's design ensures it is suitable for off-grid environments,
this alone does not overcome other infrastructural barriers, such as there being limited or no Internet access. For this reason Khan academy Lite was developed as an offline version of Khan academy‘s curriculum of free learning materials.
Health and wellbeing, Energy and environment, Participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
Health and wellbeing, Energy and environment Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Data, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities:
and thus help improve the environment quality. What is the social impact it is seeking,
fosters participation of the general public in the process of producing open data used for the purpose of monitoring the environment.
who are interested in using the Smart Citizen Kit in the city's work on improving urban environments.
facilitate conversations and provide teaching tools on the importance of information sharing in safe, productive environments.
and inclusion Sustainable socioeconomic models Energy and environment Participative open government Pioneering science, culture & education Smart public services Open Networks Confine Opengarden. net Freecoin Everyaware Commons 4eu Tor Project Make sense Smart Santander Open Data Wikiprogress Open
so that the challenge of convergence between the on-line and the physical environment is addressed. In this context
The Code, integrated in the Your Europe Portal for Citizens, compiles the basic set of rights existing in EU legislation and related to the digital environment.
equipping it with instruments able to ensure that the relevant legislation is implemented in a digital environment at European level,
In a digital environment and with distance selling, establishing trust can be more difficult than in a physical environment where there is more direct person-to-person interaction between buyer and seller.
and consumers live in an environment where the diversity of culture, tradition, lifestyle, and language is a source of richness.
and proper education programmes to ensure that every European citizen is comfortable in the digital environment
It is no longer in line with the current and future business environment and the digital economy. Or it creates a bias and competitive advantage for one channel over another.
European and Member State legislators have to be visionary and decisive to shape the right policy and legislative environment for the future of commerce, for the benefit of retail, wholesale and consumers alike.
and in all institutions to help shape this environment. 8 of 16 ANNEX: EU POLICY CONTEXT AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS 1. BOOSTING CONSUMER & BUSINESS CONFIDENCE IN E-COMMERCE 1. 1. CONSUMER RIGHTS, CONTRACTS,
and legally explicit conditions. 15 of 16 3. IMPROVING INFRASTRUCTURE AND SKILLS 3. 1. ICT SYSTEMS For a digital environment to be effective for e-commerce across the EU,
The Eco-Innovation Observatory is financed by DG Environment of the European commission: Legal notice Any views or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors
Funded by the European commission, DG Environment, Brussels Layout Eco-innovate! A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches 3 eco-innovation observatory 1 Introducing eco-innovation...
It means being economically competitive while respecting the natural environment. Eco-innovation takes the full life-cycle perspective into account, rather than just focusing on environmental aspects of individual life-cycle stages.
and respect the environment by reducing resource intensity of products and services. Sustainable management of natural resources Tackling climate change Improving biodiversity and ecosystems Saving material and energy costs New products and services:
new markets New business models Enhancing quality of life Creating new and sustainable jobs Material security Resource justice economy environment society politics Figure 2:
This trend cannot continue without detrimental consequences for environment. The price volatility for commodities, notably metals, food and non-food agricultural items, was higher in the 2000s than in any decade of the 20th century6.
World Economic Forum Global Risks Report 2012, www. weforum. org/reports/global-risks-2012-seventh-edition 8 European Environment Agency 2010:
The European Environment. State and Outlook 2010. Material resources and Waste. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. Eco-innovations focused on improving material
and energy productivity can save costs and lower risk by making companies less dependent on imports.
The producer Electro Power systems SPA, was nominated as one of the Technology Pioneers in the field of energy and environment by the World Economic Forum in 2012. www. electrops. it WEF 2012
and minimum impact on humans and the environment (ICMM). Materials stewardship encompasses both process and product stewardship.
TRI-VIZOR's Cross Supply Chain Methodology software makes it possible to maximise in real-time the total community gains in cost and CO2. www. trivizor. com Shields Environment:
following a simple online application process with special discounts for SMES. ec. europa. eu/environment/ecolabel Eco-labels are profiled at limas. simpple. com/resources/results
and examples. www. defra. gov. uk/environment/economy/products-consumers/green-claims-labels/Learning Resources Eco-innovate products
Shields Environment Source: www. shields-e. com p. 40: TECNARO Source: www. tecnaro. de; Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Source:
www. crawfordhk. com/study. html About the Eco-Innovation Observatory The Eco-Innovation Observatory (EIO) is a three-year initiative financed by the European commission's Directorate-General for the Environment from the Competitiveness
as in Figure 1. The purpose of this taxonomy is to create an academic environment for modeling eco-innovation,
lack of information on the environment and its risks; lack of knowledge (mostly from the management part) regarding the environment, eco-innovation, lifecycle approach,
or any other method, model or measure that may reduce the impact of the company on the resources;
which become more accountable than in the isolated environment in their own countries. -Eco-innovation is being implemented mostly as a requirement of European union demands,
What and How to Measure, in International Handbook on Environment and Technology Management (ETM), edited by David Annandale, John Phillimore and Dora Marinova, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, forthcoming. 10 Balassa, B
The report also makes extensive use of the Economist Intelligence Unit's international business environment rankings.
and a favourable business environment are grounds for optimism about the future. The performance of other European economies is mixed,
Progress in each of the above areas will create a more conducive environment for innovation in Europe.
unless it overcomes a number of serious deficiencies in its policy and business environment. This report has three purposes:
to identify the ICT enablers the complementary factors such as skills development, innovation policy and business environment in which Europe most seriously underperforms the US;
and the quality of the business environment. To investigate these issues, we estimated a crosssection growth model for 60 countries including 26 developed countries and 34 less-developed countries, covering the 1995-2002 period.
Second, it allowed us to investigate interaction effects, for example the relationship between ICT and the business environment,
Using this model, together with a variety of indices such as the Economist Intelligence Unit's business environment rankings
Education and the business environment are crucial to making technology work ICT development is only one of the important factors affecting growth.
The cross-section model indicates that the quality of a country's business environment as well as its attention to specific ICT enablers such as education, significantly affect its ability to harness the full benefits of technology.
The netherlands, for example, with a very well-developed ICT infrastructure, competitive markets and a positive business environment, is burdened by a relatively poor performance (by EU standards) in skills training and education.
Ireland's success in creating an environment fostering technologyindustry expansion is a major factor in its remarkable growth story.
and a range of other complementary factors relating to the business environment. To help identify
and the Nordics have been more successful in creating an environment where innovation can flourish and where the benefits of ICT can be realised fully.
the more likely that it will benefit from How important are the following aspects of the business environment in enabling your company to benefit from ICT?(%
unfettered competition Our cross-section analysis of 60 countries appeared to confirm a strong link in developed economies between the quality of the business environment and the economic impact of ICT.
and stable the business environment, the more likely that ICT use will make a contribution to growth.
Along with other aspects of a country's legal system, reliable IP protection forms an important component of a positive business environment,
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 23 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Europe's challenge is to create a business environment where innovation can thrive
Creating that environment and ultimately delivering increased productivity growth requires coordinated action on the part of policymakers and business leaders.
But it is up to business leaders to take advantage of this more supportive environment to encourage risk-taking and innovation in their organisations.
of course, but there are numerous tools that managers can use to create a more positive environment for innovation.
It is hoped that the results of their efforts will be a much more positive environment for the efficient use of ICT.
In addition, the EIU's business environment model enables us to investigate the role of various policy
and business environment variables (measured by a synthetic index covering labour, product and financial markets) and their possible interaction with ICT.
a measure of the openness of economies, a measure of real exchange-rate variability and our composite index of the quality of the business environment and microeconomic policies.
ICT and the quality of the business environment are interrelated, though no evidence is found for any explicit interaction effect between ICT and policy variables or ICT with skill levels.
BUSENV an index constructed by the Economist Intelligence Unit of the business environment (on a 1-10 scale) based on indicators grouped in the following categories:
policy toward private enterprise, financing conditions, the tax regime, the macroeconomic environment and labour markets. The overall index is a simple average of the five category subindexes.
The growth advantage that the euro zone economies had in terms of lower initial GDP per head (the catch up potential) and higher investment rates is cancelled roughly out by the effects of the US's superior business environment and schooling.
background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge average quality of the policy and business environment in 2004-08 from the EIU's business environment rankings model.
How do European countries compare with other global markets in providing an attractive environment for ICT investment and innovation?
Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge The business environment How would you rate the overall sophistication of ICT infrastructure in the following countries?(%
Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge How important are the following aspects of the business environment in enabling your company to benefit from ICT?(%
and allow business decisions to be made by companies in an environment of stability. Key elements of the vision include:
Such a vision is fully compatible with a competitive commercial environment: it reduces investment risk;
and allow business decisions to be made by independent companies in an environment of stability. Smartgrids:
The Environment: Besides issues of primary energy supply, the major disadvantage of fossil fuels is that they emit CO2, SO2,
cost-effective and gentle on the environment. 3. Driving factors in the move towards Smartgrids The current climate demands change in the way electricity is supplied.
SECURITY OF SUPPLY ENVIRONMENT 14 E u R O P E A n T E C H N O L O G Y
ensure a favourable regulatory environment; help to develop supportive financial markets; and create attractive education,
Future models for electricity grids have to allow for changes in technology, values, the environment and commerce.
I ELECTRICITY NETWORKS OF THE FUTURE Future models for the electricity grids have to meet the changes in technology, in the values in society, in the environment and in commerce.
Thus security, safety, environment, power quality and cost of supply are all being examined in new ways
sustainability and cost effectiveness in response to changing requirements in a liberalised market environment across Europe.
and European citizens with a highly secure electricity supply on a most cost-effective basis with minimum damage to the environment, in line with European related policies.
transmission grids with minimum negative side-effects on the environment and the society; secure transmission grids that can comply with different forms of generation including large and small, controllable and non-controllable, variable and intermittent sources;
Rules and regulations A further distinguishing feature of grid innovation, particularly in a liberalised sector, is the regulatory and legal environment in
These reflect the unstable and fast-changing global environment in which the Union is navigating.
political and economic environment facing the European union over the next 20 years'.'The report acted as a pilot project setting the scene for further investigation and evaluation of global trends in 2030 in the field of (i) international relations and governance,(ii) society,
However, as digital natives are increasingly socialised in ICT environments, previously existing income-determined barriers of access to political participation and education could be overcome (see discussion on e-participation and e-learning below).
(and also the increasing socialisation of younger generations in ICT environments) is highly likely to influence outcomes in all human social activities political participation (discussed more in detail below) and health and consumer behaviour (Contractor 2010;
http://www. epc. eu/documents/uploads/pub 3707 developing the social dimension. pdf Andrade, N.,"Future Trends in the Regulation of Personal Identity and Legal Personality in the Context of Ambient Intelligence Environments:
UNFPA, 1998, pp. 59-88.38 Chief of Force Development, Future Security Environment 2008-2030 Part 1:
The European environment state and outlook 2010: assessment of global megatrends. Copenhagen, European Environment Agency.
Easterlin, R. A. 2005, Vol. 74, Issue 3). Feeding the Illusion of Growth and Happiness:
Negotiating privacy concerns and social capital needs in a social media environment. In Privacy online (pp. 19-32.
PDF, World and European Energy and Environment Transition Outlook-WETO-T, Brussels: European commission, 2011c. Global Europe 2050, Luxembourg:
European Environment Agency (2013.""Global governance-the rise of non-state actors (Technical Report No 4/2011),
"Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2010, pp. 195 228. Pedro, F.,"Trusting the Unknown:
and King Sturge,"Built Environment Foresight 2030: the sustainable development imperative,"2010. As of 08/03/2013:
and growth by encouraging a robust environment of ambitious, serial entrepreneurs who envisage, create and scale innovation-driven ventures.
and to examine the factors that comprise a supporting environment for entrepreneurs to develop and scale ideas.
laying the ground for further discussion on how Europe can prepare itself in the long term for successful innovation environments attuned to the breakthroughs yet to materialize.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 1 2 5 6 7 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Labor market efficiency
Defi ning Competitiveness The 12 Pillars of Competitiveness Institutions Higher education and training Technological readiness Infrastructure Goods market effi ciency Market size Macroeconomic environment
when it came to conditions in their environment 66%said they perceive favourable conditions for stand up,
and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Public Reducing costs for entrepreneurs49 We invest in the business environment to create a feeling of opportunities.
What activities by other actors will be crucial to support policy-makers in improving the environment for innovation-driven entrepreneurship?
Every European region needs an environment conducive to business start-up and successful in mobilizing talent.
and we must act decisively in nurturing the best investment environment possible. Against this background, the government recently launched its Industrial Development Strategy for Growth
and an enabling business regulatory environment. 40 Enhancing Europe's Competitiveness Mark Rutte Prime minister of The netherlands The role of innovation-driven entrepreneurship in your economy:
Individual attitudes and skills can be influenced effectively by direct experience in a start-up environment, for example through internship programmes or employment opportunities.
and protected in a digital environment. Efforts to share governmentowned data intelligently can also help in this respect:
and feel more comfortable about trusting their own government authorities in a digital environment. Back-burners:
a change of external relationships between traditional and nontraditional stakeholders and the environment, and a change of outlook among the top management.
both pull and push factors from the current environment are creating an impetus for future organizations to master the ability to innovate across disciplines and domains.
economic and technological changes that characterize the business environment for multinationals and SMES alike, organizations that are able to innovate cooperatively amid contextual changes will be most likely to minimize resistance
and reap the benefits of new sources of growth in an increasingly volatile and uncertain environment,
In turn, corporations will invest in co-learning/co-creation environments and competency development for project-focused networks and communities.
Stakeholders should tap into this motivation at scale to create the most supportive environment possible for each life cycle phase,
and other actors interested in improving entrepreneurial environments. 4. Supporting the innovations of today in isolated sectors is not enough Europe needs to create ecosystems that will support innovations emerging in unconventional ways across government and business.
A look towards the future reveals that optimizing Europe's supporting environment for entrepreneurship and innovation today is not enough.
Finally, the following reports give a deeper understanding of the entrepreneurial environment in Europe: Adecco, INSEAD, Human Capital Leadership Institute (2013), Global Talent Competitiveness Index Barclays report, written by The Economist Intelligence Unit (2014), Start me up:
) ICT penetration is low in the Ugandan healthcare environments, although most of the major hospitals and the medical schools use computers for administrative purposes.
interactive environments and self managed e-learning. Healthnet one of the most widely implemented computer-based telecommunications systems in Sub-saharan africa, currently is being used in over 30 countries by around 10,000 healthcare workers to exchange ideas
and plans but it is desirable that the different health centres/hospitals offering immunization services work in a cooperative environment
Innovative activity also flourishes in environments free of bureaucratic constraints (Link and Bozeman, 1991. A number of SMES have benefited in fact from the exodus of researchers thwarted by the managerial restraints of larger firms.
most SMES operate in medium to low technology environments and innovate without using formal R&d inputs.
and fluid environment also promotes the diffusion of intangible technological capabilities and understandings. 13 48.
specialised firms since complementary inputs and services are more likely to be available in a diversified competitive environment,
and capital good suppliers in Italy has created an environment that pushes innovation forward. Manufacturers make sophisticated and ever changing demands,
Examples include a producer of environment-friendly products who used ecommerce as a new way to promote his products;
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