212 E-business in the transport & logistics industry 5 Executive Summary About this study This study focuses on the adoption and implications of information and communication technology (ICT) and e-business activity in the transport and logistics
The goal of eeurope 2005 was"to promote take-up of e-business with the aim of increasing the competitiveness of European enterprises and raising productivity and growth through investment in information and communication technologies
"Communication from the Commission, COM (2002) 263 final, 28 may 2002, section 3. 1. 2. E-business in the transport
& logistics industry 12 leading to business innovations in key sectors"(p. 6). 5 This Communication anticipates"a new era of e-business solutions",based on integrated ICT systems and tools,
"Communication from the Commission, COM (2005) 229 final. 6"Working Together for Growth and Jobs:
a New Start for the Lisbon Strategy",Communication, COM (2005) 24, Brussels, 02.02.2005. http://europa. eu. int/growthandjobs/pdf/COM2005 024 EN. pdf. 7"Implementing the Community
"Communication from the Commission, COM (2005) 474 final, 5. 10.2005. E-business in the transport & logistics industry 13 the E-business Support Network (ebsn), a European network of e-business policy makers and business support organisations, the eskills Forum,
and concepts A definition of ICT This study examines the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in European businesses.
devices and services used for data processing (the information side of ICT) as well as telecommunications equipment and services for data transmission and communication (the communication side).
communications equipment (such as mobile phones), office equipment (such as copiers) and data communications and network equipment (such as switching and routing equipment, cellular mobile infrastructure) €159 billion Software products
GPS, transport communications or warehouse management systems? Policy implications: Do the findings on these research questions above have implications for policy, for example in the fields of economic, competition, industrial or innovation policy?
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European parliament on monitoring development of the rail market. 24 European commission, Rail Transport and Interoperability.
During the last decades the information and communication technologies (ICT) did also influence this transport mode significantly resulting in the realisation and implementation of so-called River Information Services (RIS:
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions:
In June 2006, a communication from the EC outlined the main problems faced by the organisation and operation of the European Transport system:
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.
research and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), infrastructure planning, service performance, and multimodal supply chains. 35 The main ideas of the Action Plan are shown in Exhibit 2. 2.-2. It presents a number of short-to medium-term actions that will help Europe address its current and future challenges
Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan 34 COM (2006) 314 final-Communication: Keep Europe moving-Sustainable mobility for our continent:
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and ibid. E-business in the transport & logistics industry 31 Supporting intermodal transport is a major part of the Commissions White paper:
. 49 COM (2004) 0060 final Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions-Towards a thematic strategy on the urban environment.
EDI/EDIFACT) and new communications platforms (e g. XML. Using e-business technologies, European transport and logistics companies can improve their productivity,
-or space-based communication. Tracking and tracing of cargo in all E-business in the transport
communication and control systems in the field of urban and rural surface transportation, including intermodal and multimodal aspects of traveller information, traffic management, public transport, commercial transport,
and communication technologies can contribute significantly to improving road safety, enabling the development of sophisticated safety systems that improve road users'chances of avoiding and surviving accidents.
Through the intensive use of ICT (acquisition, communication, and identification technologies) in logistics, the information flows, efficiently used by firms,
The Role of Logistics'Information and Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive. 56 Introna, L. D.,(1991.
They can enhance communication, collaboration, and cooperation between knowledge teams (including virtual teams) using intranet technologies as well as between the organisation
Sectoral e-Businesswatch (Survey 2007) The size and scalability of any computer network are determined both by the physical medium of communication
and by the software controlling the communication (i e.,, the protocols. An Intranet is a specific application of the internal computer network
which serves as a communication tool within the enterprise, and an Extranet can be viewed as part of a company's Intranet that is extended to users outside the company.
disclosure of all documents and the source codes of a software project as well as a permanent communication between all participants.
Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU. Final Report. http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/ict
communication and process management while delivering a secure, scalable and reliable solution suitable for running a company's most critical core business processes. 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Specific software applications
the next wave of business communication centres around cross-enterprise application integration, collaborative workflows, and sophisticated business process dialogs.
Communications of the ACM, 43 (11), 107-112.95 Porter, M. 1980. Competitive Strategy. New york. The Free Press. 96 European Information Society, Thematic Portal, INFSO Projects impacting EU Policies:
Internet technology provides ways of drastically reducing different categories of transaction and communication costs. In that respect, the potential merit of various electronic procurement forms,
and communication of information, ICT has a pervasive influence on the supply chain. Supply chain integration can refer to internal and external integration.
including the communication with customers, offering products for sale, and developing new marketing strategies. 107 E-business leads to a fundamental shift in the structure and services of transportation and logistics businesses.
This case demonstrates a successful solution implementation in the public transport area that allowed achieving significant benefits in terms of passenger communication and service improvement,
Collaborative-direct communication with customers that does not include a company's sales or service representative (self service.
or enabled by information or communication technology. It takes a value of 1 if any product or process innovations were directly related to
Other, less obvious consequences for firms'innovativeness include creating communication infrastructures facilitating production networks or enabling partners to align the incentives of multiple players by creating joint business units
and Communication Technology (ICT) culture managed to implement a successful and innovative ebusiness solution in a relatively short time. 3. 5 e-Procurement and Supply Chain Integration 3. 5. 1
the communication with the bus is bidirectional. All these functions provide a centralised and real-time knowledge of the different operations to improve them,
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 140 5. 4. 2 E-business activity The role of information and communication technology in this market is very important.'
quality of services and communication with customers, suppliers and partners. Following an analysis of existing systems and current processes in place,
In order to improve customer service and communication Fret SNCF has implemented recently an electronic (e-)portal (Clic Services Fret SNCF.
e-Communication with customers Case contact person (s: Fabienne Girard and François Rannoux: Responsible for Service Offering and E Services at Fret SNCF 5. 6. 1 Background and objectives Fret SNCF handles freight carriage for SNCF (Société Nationale
Thanks to internal communication and change management good results have been achieved but it will take time until the new working modes will be adopted fully by the majority of employees.
and customer satisfaction by favouring reliable communication that is quick and always available thanks to a wide range of tools and services.
and a GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) card that sends the information to the Goal system managing the information sent to
Thanks to internal change management including involvement of employees in the project and communication and training,
At the moment, the solution runs with a Swiss communication card and as soon as the train is in a foreign country,
trucks at any time allowing better communication and discussion for improving efficiency. Before the solution implementation everything was on one person's desk written on sheets of paper.
*e-Communication with customers 5. 10.1 Background and objectives Saima Avandero is one of the top five international freight-forwarding specialists on the Italian market.
or through any other communication means like e-mail, fax or phone in case the supplier is connected not directly to the Saima Avandero database.
The supplier will then confirm the transport order (through the system or other communication tools.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is key for Trafikantens activities. The efficiency of the company is fully dependant on the development of those solutions.
All future services planned are based on Information and Communication technologies. The first information service provided by Trafikanten set up in 1988 was located a centrally service centre to manually sell tickets
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 179 5. 11.4 Lessons learned This case demonstrates a successful solution implementation in the public transport area that allowed achieving significant benefits in terms of passenger communication and service
improving customer services and customer communication through Web based and mobile information services for passengers (Travel planner, Timetables etc), ticketing systems,
Following-up on these recommendations, the European commission adopted a policy Communication on"e-Skills for the 21st Century:
Specifically for the TLS sector, the following actions to counteract the problems of ICT adoption in the sector have been developed: COM (2006) 314 final-Communication:
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the regions. COM (2008) 394 final.
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the regions. COM (2008) 394 final.
How the Communications Revolution Will Change our Lives, Boston: Harvard Business school Press. Cammack, http://www. cammack. co. uk/Cedefop 2004 (editor:
No. 397, pp. 569-596. COM (2004) 0060 final Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions-Towards a thematic strategy
"Communication from the Commission, 5. 10.2005 COM (2006) 314 final-Communication: Keep Europe moving-Sustainable mobility for our continent:
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European parliament on monitoring development of the rail market. COM (2007) 96 final.
Communication & Strategies, no. 60,157-179. Erber, G.,Hagemann, H. 2005: The New Economy in a Growth Crisis, in:
The Role of Logistics'Information and Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive.
Communications of the ACM, 43 (11), 107-112. http://ec. europa. eu/transport/road/policy/index en. htm HUPAC, http://www. hupac. ch
Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 484-497.
and Communication Technologies (ICT) can currently help addressing and solving some of these societal challenges.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have made already a strong contribution to these goals, but much more remains to be done. ehealth technologies enable the delivery of higher quality and more efficient services to European citizens,
and communication technologies to provide healthcare specialists with a framework for the monitoring and analysis of epilepsy-relevant multi-parametric data.
and Communication Technologies (ICT) can bring to people. Ultimately, ICT can support a behavioural change, providing tools that empower older people to keep control of and responsibility for their lives.
and mobile communications. The services were tested in six pilot sites across Europe over the last 24 months of the project.
Connecting existing systems will allow communication and data exchanges based on the development of common technical standards in the field of e-Identity, e-Signatures,
Indeed, our economy and society are now highly dependent on Information and Communication Technology (ICT. We have grown accustomed to the benefits brought by the Internet, smartphones,
and people have come to depend on it for a number of activities such as voice and video communications, social networking, online banking, e-government and shopping.
and communication between people and organisations. As we increasingly rely on broadband networks, it is extremely important to make them more secure and trustworthy
Information and Communication Technologies play an important role in this respect, supporting less resource-intensive production and allowing energy savings in for example, buildings, transport and electricity networks.
The project builds on existing industry standards from the ICT and the energy sectors and communication and computing capabilities which are widespread in normal houses and working environments.
how to handle large scale communication, negotiation and information exchange between thousands of smart energy devices simultaneously;
m. s. vangeenhuizen@tbm. tudelft. nl EJTIR, 6, no. 1 (2006), pp. 39-60 In this paper we address the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on sustainable transport in two ways,
information and communication technology is a set of heterogeneous technologies (hardware and software) that allow for electronic communication, data collection and processing in distributed networks (e g.
Accordingly, it opens ways to real-time detection and management of flows through transport and communication networks,
An increasing number of empirical studies suggests that the substitution of face-to-face contact by e-communication is limited
and that ICT often adds an extra mode of contact to the existing array of communication modes,
key meetings requiring rich modes of communication, like kickoff meetings and creative sessions, preferably take place as face-toface meetings (e g.
personal communication, chat rooms, network games Reduces travel needs for routine networking, but may cause new travel demand due to successful social networking.
Dedicated Short Range Communication (between following and oncoming cars)( mobile)( public, private. Monitors obstacles in the road network and sends help (persons and freight.
Information to reduce waiting time and searching time (mob. communication)( persons and freight. Broad, on critical links and nodes.
The use of mobile communication in route advising seems underestimated for private car use and deserves more attention (Townsend, 2004).
and Dedicated Short Range Communications. The ICT innovations that are fixed (or semi-fixed), i e. Video Surveillance and Response, Informational Signing and the previously discussed Signalization,
Dedicated Short Range Communications These systems are based on information exchange between cars and may pertain to accidents, weather conditions, road construction,
These systems partly rely on mobile communication between vehicles on the same route (oncoming and following traffic)
a communication of this event is sent to a dispatcher. The dispatcher in turn can communicate with the driver
This refers to Navigation Systems, Dedicated Short Range Communication, In-vehicle Accident Sensors, Extended Viewing Systems and simple modes of Advanced Drivers'Assistance.
Dedicated Short Range Communication (between following and oncoming cars)( mobile)( public, private. No difference, already broadly adopted on critical links and nodes.
Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies and Personal Mobility. STELLA Focus Group 2 Synthesis Meeting, Budapest, 22-23 april 2004.
Space-time Constructs for Linking Information and Communication Technologies with Issues in Sustainable Transportation. Transport Reviews, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 665-677.
Mobile Communication and Sustainable Transportation: An Agenda for Research and Action. STELLA Focus Group 2 Synthesis meeting, 22-23 april 2004, Budapest.
For example we have failed to implement systems such as Computerised Practitioner Order Entry (CPOE), also known as Order Communications
which use graphics to aid communications. Geographical challenges can be overcome by emerging ehealth innovations such as telemedicine for remote consultations, teleradiology for remote expert readings, home patient monitoring of chronic diseases,
making the registry a complete chronic care record. 4. 3 Computerised Practitioner Order Entry (CPOE) Computerised practitioner/(or physician) order entry (CPOE), also known as Order Communications,
Transition from a reactive to a pro-active system better communications. Sharing of bed management information for all locations, reducing the need for walkabouts.
Denmark wanted to increase communication between its various public and private healthcare providers, including GPS, pharmacies, hospitals and clinics.
conditions through access to knowledge based best practices via an EMR with Chronic Disease Management capabilities and communication with their physicians through a Patient Portal.
Innovation in information and communication technology has a great potential to create large impact on modern healthcare.
Standard Internet security techniques provide authentication and encryption of the communication with a service provider. However
Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Applied sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies. 2009) 1 6 14.
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 330. Springer (2010) 277 288 35. Pearson, S.,Shen, Y.,Mowbray, M.:
OECD Health Policy Studies Improving Health Sector Efficiency The Role of Infor mation and Communication Tech nologies OECD Health Policy Studies Improving Health
Sector Efficiency THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social
Le rôle des technologies de l'information et des communications Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 FOREWORD This report presents an analysis of OECD countries'efforts to implement information and communication technologies (ICTS) in health care systems.
These ranged from foundational communication infrastructures to sophisticated electronic health record (EHR) systems. Within the OECD Secretariat
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Organero and Josep Pomar Reynés (Spain;
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Table of contents Abbreviations...9 Executive summary...11 Introduction...
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Chapter 3. Aligning Incentives with Health System Priorities Introduction...
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Annex A. Country case studies...127 The Great Southern Managed Health Network (GSMHN) in Western australia...
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 5. 2. Criteria for the selection of indicators...
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Abbreviations AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ASP Application service
Network GSMHN Great Southern Managed Health Network HIE Health information exchanges HIMSS Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society ICT Information and communication technologies IM
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 MAEHC Massachusetts e-Health Collaborative MOA Medical office assistant NEHEN New england Healthcare Electronic Data
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Today the range of possible applications of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the health sector is enormous.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Findings illustrate the potential benefits that can result from ICT implementation according to four broad, interrelated categories of objectives:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 associated with preventable hospitalisations, provides, therefore, an opportunity for significant quick wins.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 turnaround time was reduced by 41%following the implementation of PACS.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 adoption and use by physicians, in 2007 the Australian Government introduced a range of incentives.
In May and June 2009, Medicare Australia also ran a targeted communication campaign to promote Medicare electronic claiming to the Australian public.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 identification of quality improvement opportunities. In the United states, the Massachusetts e-Health Collaborative (MAEHC) improved the electronic capture of laboratory,
as well as a multiplicity of schemes introduced to facilitate interconnection and communication between specific ICT systems.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 unambiguous public health priorities with clear benefits and that would not have been achievable without ICTS.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Case studies indicate that subsidies are suited best to a situation where there is a clearly identifiable capital or fixed assets investment.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Achieving commonly defined and consistently implemented standards While health care organisations have access to an ever-increasing number of information technology products,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Enabling robust and reliable privacy and security frameworks Health information can be extremely sensitive and professional ethics in health care demands a strict adherence
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 separate regimes for public sector and private sector organisations and specific legislation applicable to entities which hold health records.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 that in many cases health institutions may use both ICT and more traditional practices simultaneously.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 One shared characteristic of the programmes reviewed here is that they were embedded all in wider reform projects,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 data from the patient's primary care record can facilitate greater efficiency
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 INTRODUCTION Policy makers in OECD countries are faced with ever-increasing demands to make health systems more responsive to the patients they serve,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 From 1990 through 2009, an increasing share of the gross domestic product (GDP) of OECD countries has been devoted to the provision of health care.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 These studies provide examples of the kinds of difficulties in continuity of care that confront patients and their families and caregivers due to the lack of adequate and timely exchange of information.
means that information and communication technologies (ICTS) that ensure the timely and accurate collection and exchange of health data are likely to foster better care,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 often largely paper-based. Some of the variations are due to the costs associated with adoption of these new technologies.
which all reported varying degrees of success in deploying ICT solutions that ranged from foundational communication infrastructure to sophisticated EHR systems, plus a broad overview of the current literature.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 technical, legal and organisational. Chapters 3 and 4 report on how governments are intervening to overcome these barriers
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 References Bates, D. 2002), The Quality Case for Information technology in Healthcare, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision making, Vol. 2
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Chapter 1. Generating Value from Health ICTS Chapter 1 illustrates the types of benefits that can result from implementation of ICTS.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Introduction Understanding how ICTS can generate value in health systems can help to guide decision about ongoing and future ICT initiatives,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 1. 1. Health information technology can drive improvements in quality
and facilitate communication between providers have been cited as providing substantial benefits in health outcomes (Bates et al.,
) Communication between patients and providers is also vitally important for safety, especially at the hospital/primary care interface.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 These conditions require regular monitoring of patients to track trends in clinical parameters
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 1. 2. Improving compliance with clinical guidelines in British columbia In 2002, chronic disease research identified a problem of low adherence
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 informing physicians about comparative effectiveness of alternative medical treatments.
patient care, report turnaround time and communication. The survey was conducted in three provinces (Ontario, Nova scotia and British columbia),
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 regarding patient care, 80%reporting that PACS has reduced the time they had to wait to review an exam (images),
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 type of decision support tool adopted,
They related this gain to easier access to patient data, faster communication, and the availability of higher quality and more complete data.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The upshot is that while most of the case studies in this report had included some sort of formal evaluation to justify initial budgets,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 As is the case with any modelling project and prospective estimates,
In Western australia, together with confidentiality, speed of communication was the most commonly perceived intangible benefit (e g. the prompt receipt of discharge summaries from hospitals previously often arriving after the patient had been seen by the GP following surgery.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 paper transaction, after the introduction of NEHEN, were processed electronically at 25 cents per transaction (Halamka, 2000.
In May and June 2009, Medicare Australia also ran a targeted communication campaign to promote Medicare electronic claiming to the Australian public.
Although data was limited, in Western australia, physicians reported faster communication, fewer telephone calls, and savings in mail handling, stamps,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 pursuing health care reform agendas. In general, there are three broad goals
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 of physicians, and particularly of specialists, between rural and urban settings (Jackson et al.,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Furthermore, the Balearic telestroke programme has turned out to be much more than just a technology project;
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 documented adherence to quality assurance criteria and the efficiency of surveillance, population and outcomes research (Kukafka et al.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 References Balamurugan, A. et al. 2009), A Pilot Study of Diabetes Education via Telemedicine in a Rural Underserved Community Opportunities and Challenges, Diabetes Educator, Vol. 35, pp. 147-154.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Coye, M.,J. Ateret Haselkorn and S. Demello (2009), Remote Patient Management:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Kukafka, R. et al. 2007), Redesigning Electronic Health Record Systems to Support Public health, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Vol. 40, pp. 398-409.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Solutions at Ten European Sites, DGINFSO, European commission, Brussels. Walker, J. M. 2005), Electronic Medical records and Health care
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Chapter 2. What Prevents Countries from Improving Efficiency through ICTS?
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Introduction The process of ICT implementation is a notoriously complex and expensive undertaking.
as well as a multiplicity of schemes introduced to facilitate interconnection and communication between specific ICT systems.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 2. 1. Are there any financial gains to be made and if so, by whom?
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 in many cases there is little or no financial incentive for them to do so, given that it is the payers
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 2. 1. Functional characteristics of an electronic health record One the basis of advice from an expert panel, in 2008
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Table 2. 2. EMR/EHR costs in the United states and Canada United states MAEHC (USD) Canada PITO (USD
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 In 2003 Wang et al. performed a cost-benefit study to analyse the financial effects of electronic medical record systems in ambulatory primary care settings at Partners Health care Systems
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 informed/shared decision-making are key components of the problem of introducing ICTS in these countries.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 It is, therefore, in the interest of payers to help health care providers finance the switch to ICTS because of the benefits that would accrue both to themselves and to the people on
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 2. 2. Physicians'willingness to pay for electronic medical records in Ontario, Canada In 1998, the Centre for Evaluation of Medicines,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 implementation of standards and appropriate organisational changes are necessary to facilitate this process.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 2. 3. Dealing with legacy systems:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 One key factor is that standard setting has the potential to regulate the market
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 for compatible information systems and ensure broader interoperability.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Mechanisms must, therefore, be found to enforce standards
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Table 2. 4. Healthcare information exchange and interoperability taxonomy Level Attributes 1 Non-electronic data
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 well-publicised serious lapses in existing systems and stories about security breaches.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Restoring public trust that has been undermined significantly is much more difficult than building it from the outset.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)( 2006), Costs and Benefits of Health Information technology, AHRQ, Rockville, Maryland.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Hammond, E. 2008), A Perspective on Interoperability, Paper presented at the conference on Making the e-Health Connection:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Walker, J. et al. 2005), The Value of Health care Information Exchange and Interoperability, Health Affairs, Supplement Web Exclusives, pp.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Chapter 3. Aligning Incentives with Health System Priorities Chapter 3 reports on how governments can intervene to promote the adoption and use of ICTS
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Introduction There are three ways governments can intervene to promote the adoption and use of ICTS:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 3. 1. A range of financial incentive programmes have emerged to accelerate ICT adoption As we have seen already, physicians,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Table 3. 1 illustrates the use of these incentive mechanisms across the six case study countries.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Despite the apparent simplicity of subsidies, they do pose some problems.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 3. 3. Payment differentials Payment differentials are bonuses
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 One year after its introduction, QOF had made already a difference to the quality of patient care provided in two out of the three conditions that had been monitored routinely both before and after the introduction
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The Australian Practice Incentive Programme The Australian Practice Incentive Programme (PIP) is blended a payment approach for general practice
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Figure 3. 1. Western Australian practices using IM/IT 0 25 50 75 100 Patient information
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Coordination during implementation to ensure that all the key aspects come together at the right times.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Compensation for attending learning sessions Adoption of the CDM Toolkit is one component of the CDM Bundle, a series of learning sessions
This fee enables the practice to use two-way telephone or e-mail communication with the patient or the patient's medical representative to follow-up case.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 clinical quality and other measures. The proposed regulation formally defining the requirements of meaningful use is expected to be published for public comment by the end of 2009.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 HIE infrastructure. According to the e-Health Initiative (ehi) Sixth Annual Survey of Health Information Exchange, the ARRA provisions have influenced already a number of health ICT efforts in the United states to consider becoming regional health
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 In addition, a Medical Group Management Association (MGMA) study found that for practices that have implemented EHRS,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 3. 4. Long-term sustainability and financing For many ICT projects, once the initial funding runs out,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 been involved in the intervention at all. One health care entity's short-term ROI may also be another one's loss.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The changes needed to redress this situation require a more active role and a financial commitment of private payers and government.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 subsidies or incentives they expected neutral or unfavourable returns from ICT adoption and use.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 health care in Spain clearly makes government a critical stakeholder in electronic health information and a benefactor to its potential positive impacts.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The collaborative model A Health Information Exchange (HIE) is a multi-stakeholder organisation that enables
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 stakeholders, including physicians, health care institutions and community leaders,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 References American Medical Association (2009), H r. 1, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Explanation of Health
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Mcinnes, D. K.,D c. Saltman and M. R. Kidd (2006), General practitioners'Use of Computers for Prescribing and Electronic Health Records:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Chapter 4. Enabling a Secure Exchange of Information While health care organisations have access to an ever-increasing number of information technology products,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Introduction While health care organisations have access to an ever-increasing number of information technology products,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Figure 4. 1. Use of EHRS and of electronic discharge and referrals by Primary Care Centres in Finland and Norwegian Health
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 4. 1. Governments'role in the adoption of standards Many governments have set up specific bodies
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 4. 1. Compliance with standards:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 4. 2. Certification of products EHR product suitability, quality, interoperability,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 testing to execute all the procedural steps in the published test scripts,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The timeframe and cost involved in certification
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Programme (POSP)( Box 4. 3). This list is updated from time to time
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Both POSP and the VCUR programme are recognised as being critical components of the high adoption rates of EHRS by GPS in Alberta.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 country consistently noted that privacy and security concerns were an overriding factor in every aspect of the technology deployment from start to finish.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Four options can be considered in making the decision about
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 4. 4. MAEHC turned consent to demand Following extensive discussion within the MAEHC's own privacy and security committee
The input received from the focus groups guided MAEHC's further communication strategy and consent process in the three communities.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 References Beckerman, J. Z. et al. 2008), Health Information Privacy, Patient Safety, and Health care Quality:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Chapter 5. Using Benchmarking to Support Continuous Improvement This chapter reviews the principal information needs of policy makers
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Introduction As discussed earlier in this report, evidence of the impact of health ICTS remains limited.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 5. 1. Implementation efforts provide a picture of significant public investment Health ICT investments costs are difficult
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Table 5. 1. Current budget for ICT initiatives in three OECD countries United states Canada Australia Agency/initiatives
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The main information needs today as listed by policy makers in response to an OECD questionnaire are reflected in the areas encircled in Figure 5. 1 below.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Use refers to the applications of the technologies in clinical activities,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 With the exception of Finland, where ICT adoption has been monitored since 2005 on an annual basis and across various segments of the health sector,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The scope of the surveys and the methodologies used
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 5. 3. Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely used indicators The OECD analysis clearly shows that the way countries are currently monitoring ICT
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Installation, training and support. Increased capacity for ICT services.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Figure 5. 2. Rates of adoption of electronic health records by physicians in the United states, 2007 0 25 50
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 some importance, much importance) are inevitably qualitative in nature and limit the use of these indicators for purposes of international comparisons.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Developing and implementing a model survey (OECD,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)( 2007), Health Information technology for Improving Quality of Care in Primary Care
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Hwang, J. et al. 2007), Disruptive Innovation In Health care delivery:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 samhandling i helsetjenesten, Dokument nr. 3: 7 (2007-2008), Riksrevisjonen, Oslo.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Annex A. Country case studies The Great Southern Managed Health Network (GSMHN) in Western australia Key achievement The GSMHN is delivering web-based
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 High rates of basic computerisation A 2001 study found that 86%of Australian general practices had at least one computer
Together with confidentiality, speed of communication was the most commonly perceived benefit (e g. the prompt receipt of discharge summaries from hospitals previously often arriving after the patient had been seen by the GP following surgery.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 unavailable, at least routinely), faster communication, higher quality of data and more complete information.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The challenging circumstances of rural Australia have resulted in unprecedented innovation in health care service delivery over the past ten years,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Incentives Programme (PIP) which is one of the most comprehensive and flexible primary care incentive programmes established to date in any OECD country.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Physician Connect and the chronic disease management toolkit in British columbia (Canada) Key achievement Today Physician Connect links private physicians to the health authority via a low-cost,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Incremental change Experience with homegrown systems and a supportive environment contributed to acceptance and successful implementation of EMRS.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 toolkit experience enabled providers to produce more integrated and efficient care,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Policy context and sustainability The overall approach to chronic disease in British columbia includes two interrelated and complementary strategies, 1) the Framework
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The Massachusetts e-Health Collaborative in the United states Key achievement The Massachusetts e-Health Collaborative (MAEHC) successfully supported the implementation of electronic
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Addressing privacy and security concerns A dedicated privacy
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Business case In Massachusetts, a baseline survey done in the spring of 2005 found that
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 The MAEHC's original BCBSMA funding is exhausted nearly as the community pilots draw to a close.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Telestroke in the Baleares (Spain) Key achievement The Balearic health authority (Ib-Salut) has implemented a telestroke programme
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 via telestroke system and are receiving emergency stroke expertise from the lone stroke unit hospital in the region, Son Dureta in Palma.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 statement of the overall aims and goals of stroke management agreed upon by THE WHO to be achieved by 2015.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 with the region's only specialised stroke unit, serves today as the hub with connections to the smaller hospitals in the other islands.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 E-prescription in Sweden Key achievement A national e-prescription system has been deployed connecting all of the pharmacies in the country to a majority
and vendors who are connected to Sjunet and use it both for telemedicine and administrative communication.
The network infrastructure allows secure communication and distribution of patient data pictures, medical applications and services for
the vital communication link between physicians and pharmacies was already in place. As a result, technical implementation of e-prescription was focused largely on designing, developing,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Close co-operation between all stakeholders Apoteket's implementation strategy emphasized the partnering with local health regions (County Councils), physicians,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 process. The traditional paper prescriptions required over a dozen daily clarifications between individual pharmacists and physicians due to illegibility, unclear short hand,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 To this effect the e-prescription programme has accomplished the major goals.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Implementation of a Patient Summary Record System in Twente (The netherlands) Key achievement The pilot project established the foundations for the electronic transfer of patient
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 also introduced a national unique patient identifier:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 It appears that the availability of patient information,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 implemented a regional service that allowed electronic communication between GPS and other local healthcare providers.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 independent expert organisation providing guidance on infrastructure and standards related to the national EHR effort.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Annex B. Project background and methodology This report builds on activities carried out under two distinct but overlapping work streams.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Person (s) responsible for the development, implementation and evaluation of the programme/project which the case study addresses.
of Infor mation and Communication Tech nologies Despite the promise they hold out, implementing information and communication technologies (ICTS) in clinical care has proven to be a very difficult undertaking.
More than a decade of efforts provide a picture of significant public investments, resulting in both notable successes
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