and accountability can further contribute to minimise opportunities for corruption by reducing the distance between policy-makers and the civil society.
Jaffe, A. 1986) Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&d: Evidence from Firms'Patents, Profits, and Market value, American Economic Review, 76 (5): 984-1001.
The extent to which owners/managers‘preach'openness in their company, forge trustful relations with partners, proactively seek new OI opportunities,
identifies sale opportunities (stock liquidations), purchases a given number of cars at an advantageous price and finally sells these cars further to clients.
2015), this scarce research does suggest that the open mind-set of the owner/manager, his/her proactivity in terms of seeking OI opportunities and forging trustful OI relations,
Smart Specialisation provides an opportunity for universities to be engaged constructively, together with other stakeholders, including the private sector, in identifying areas of potential specialisation in regions and Member States. 8 REPORT ON JOINT EUA-REGIO/JRC SMART SPECIALISATION PLATFORM
and regional authorities have a unique opportunity to form close partnerships that, together with industry and other stakeholders, can maximise the use of EU Structural Funds for research
the need for Smart Specialisation to build on the specific profile and opportunities of European regions,
creation of opportunities for the alignment of university research portfolios to RIS3 priorities, including through balanced recognition and incentive mechanisms for both research and innovation activities in universities;
development of appropriate instruments for synergy opportunities in competitive/structural funding with respect to: R&d capacity-building in infrastructure but also crucially in human resources and multidisciplinary approaches;
to better understand the opportunities, challenges and obstacles for regions to form collaborative partnerships in research and innovation with universities in the future programming period of EU European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the European Social Fund (ESF
The discussions revolved around the potential opportunities, challenges and obstacles for cooperation. The workshop was highly interactive,
Measures for the further enhancement of mutual understanding between universities and regional authorities and agencies of their respective roles, contributions, opportunities and constraints are required.
Several examples demonstrated the challenges and opportunities of the use of these funds. For the Highlands and Islands region of Scotland the Structural Funds were used to maximise the asset base,
and better understand business opportunities. b) Universities'potential contribution to regional goals Regional policy debates have a tendency to adopt a conventional approach of viewing a university's role in regional development as focused solely on technology transfer.
c) Smart Specialisation as a new opportunity for collaboration between universities and regions The new emphasis on innovation strategies for Smart Specialisation in the EU provides a great opportunity for many universities to engage with regional
The opportunities for regional cooperation vary across the countries depending on specific national contexts, but also geographic and institutional factors.
and opportunities from an independent perspective (though they too have interests that should be recognised). Finally, universities are under pressure to specialise as well in terms of teaching and research,
and the Smart Specialisation Strategy formation process provides a window of opportunity to better align university and regional priorities.
It is important to note that in the less-developed regions universities have fewer opportunities to engage with the business sector
and a rigidity of administrative rules and procedures can hamper adjustments being made to meet changing opportunities and circumstances.
and Innovation Futures West midlands project is designed to help businesses transform their processes to be oriented future to respond to growth opportunities through the exploitation of new technology developments.
as well as offering opportunities to communicate and collaborate with others and develop skills in these areas.
More capable individuals and communities will grab the opportunities for empowerment afforded to them-including those opened by digital technology.
globalisation and migration have helped to provide a myriad of opportunities for Europeans and contributed to improved living conditions for all.
opportunities, access and solidarity in 21st century Europe and the Political guidelines for the next Commissioni:
care, housing and education) and opportunities for learning and employment. 8 Public sector Innovation growing social needs,
but also in the new business opportunities that societal challenges present. This call to focus innovation and R&d policy on the Grand Challenges has also been echoed by the recent Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy,
It means that public policy can link people to opportunities, infrastructures, competencies and incentives. Innovation policy to reinvent a new Europe in the future will involve many actors.
4. Public sector challenges as a driver of innovation. 11 The authors argue that companies constantly search for new business opportunities and that social and environmental challenges such as climate change, the supply of clean water,
companies can cultivate new business opportunities.‘‘Corporate social innovation'may be an important new business area for private companies and a core driver of innovation'.
together with greater budgetary constraints also provide an opportunity for the business sector. However, the authors recognize that private sector involvement in the public sector is fraught with difficulties.
They also highlight the fact that social and environmental challenges also represent significant business opportunities.
Challenges are also opportunities In 2006, the Independent Expert Group on R&d and Innovation chaired by Esko Aho,
This initiative shows that challenges are also opportunities. Clearly, health, long term care and green products and services are significant growth sectors.
or the shift to a low carbon economy in the early 21st century-the opportunities for social innovation greatly increase.
causing some organisations to reject opportunities to deliver services; too often contracts set unrealistic prices
because business leaders are beginning to see the social innovation as a field for creating new business opportunities,
operates greenhouses across the island and runs a pastry shop. lxxviilxxviii By providing opportunities for the community as a whole,
and new methods of providing opportunities in accordance with current public need. Commanding attention complaints choirs, Finland Complaints Choirs-where people come together
and the opportunity to study, learn a trade, change their lives, and regain their status as full members of society.
Some have argued that the creation of the fund represents a missed opportunity. The remit of the fund is quite narrow.
third Sector organizations, charities, NGOS and businesses focused on social innovation will have the opportunity to work together,
Southern Europe's first‘Social Innovation Laboratory',providing the opportunity for those based in the park to work together to generate new social enterprises that will be incubated in the park, with access to training, mentoring and evaluation in the process.
These challenges are also potent business opportunities for European SMES provided that policy implementations consider
and create opportunities for shifting‘power from professional sources of authoritative knowledge to new kinds of knowledge networks'.
causing some organisations to reject opportunities to deliver services; too often contracts set unrealistic prices
Access to tender opportunities can also pose problems, including difficulties in getting on to preferred supplier lists;
causing some organisations to reject opportunities to deliver services; too often contracts set unrealistic prices
and open up opportunities for innovation. -Reporting at regular intervals on the overall success of the programme. 111 Diagram 10.
specifically focussed on the opportunities for social innovation in the field of ageing. We suggest more programmes which tackle these priority challenges,
and grasp new opportunities. Social innovation, in addition to traditional business and technology innovation, provides this opportunity.
Europe must start innovating for social return, not just for return on investments and all sectors of the economy should be drivers for innovation.
for new business opportunities. The concept of social innovation should therefore also include Corporate Social Innovation. 3 3 Chapter 1,
These challenges are also potent business opportunities for European SMES provided that policy implementations consider
Towns and cities would have the opportunity to bid each year those who demonstrate inclusive programmes to tackle social challenges,
opportunities, access and solidarity in 21st century Europe, Available at: http://eurlex. europa. eu/Lexuriserv/Lexuriserv. do?
http://www. socialenterprise. org. uk/data files/stateofsocialenterprise2009. pdf lxi Robin Murray (2009) Danger and Opportunity:
‘option use'(having the opportunity to do something;‘‘bequest use (leaving something for the future), and‘existence use'(satisfaction that things exist
which aims to situate Basque companies in an advanced position with regard to the new business opportunities
identifying empty spaces and opportunities for reuse. In Croatia, for example, Platforma 9. 18 mapped out
It is an opportunity for the walkers and villagers to share and reflect on innovative practice.
as resources, assets and opportunities for social innovation. Assets can be reclaimed and reused and, in the process,
This means 2 that competitions need to be structured in such a way that participants have the opportunity to collaborate,
and its social purpose tangibly as if it were a gallery 140) Open events to provide an opportunity for organisations to engage a wide variety of people in the work of the organization.
‘option use'(having the opportunity to do something;‘‘bequest use (leaving something for the future; and‘existence use'(satisfaction that things exist
Tracking the intersects and opportunities of economic, social and environmental value creation.''Available at: http://www. blendedvalue. org/9. Moore, M. H. 1995)‘ Creating Public Value:
The Opportunity, 2050 Roadmap.''Discussion Paper. London: Department of energy and Climate Change. 3. Allen, R. and Stern, V. Eds)( 2007)‘ Justice Reinvestment A New Approach to Crime and Justice.'
I. End notes 1. Murray, R. 2009)‘ Danger and Opportunity: Crisis and the new Social Economy.'
and opportunity to design and develop innovative approaches to policy. Its 1 SUPPORT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR 149 goal is to foster creativity, social innovation and sustainability in public institutions, through community projects, prototyping
2. Murray, R. 2009)‘ Danger and Opportunity: Crisis and the new Social Economy.''Provocation. London:
'Philanthropic platforms such as Volunteermatch which help people find volunteering opportunities in their local area. 418) Donor platforms, such as Globalgiving, Altruistiq Exchange, Network For good, Firstgiving and Guidestar.
Many businesses now see social innovation as a field for creating new business opportunities: for growing brand equity (through association with well known charities or social enterprises;
and business opportunities for those on low income in the country. 453) Market commitments such as Cadbury's commitment to buy only fairtrade cocoa for one of its products.
Capital Opportunities for Social and Environmental Impact.''Geneva: World Economic Forum. 3. For more information see:
while Biggeri and Ferrannini 4 argue that the emergence of such‘opportunity gaps'is a widespread phenomenon.
Biggeri, M. & Ferrannini, A. 2014) Opportunity Gap Analysis: Procedures and Methods for Applying the Capability Approach in Development Initiatives.
European SMES therefore risk missing important economic opportunities. E-business Fourth phase: e-business (from 1999) Internet technology has gone far beyond a mere means of electronic transactions becoming a foundation for applications linked to the core business systems,
The e-business opportunities are taken mainly by large organizations, whilst the single small organization faces with well-known barriers:
make associations for exploiting the market opportunities, combine their products and services, could jointly produce
which maximize the opportunities of success and selfsutainability of the ecosystems, should be identified. From an initial analysis several models seems the most suitable for the implementation to be used for different layers of the ecosystem:
The European council held in Lisbon on 23/24 March 2000 recognised an urgent need for Europe to quickly exploit the new opportunities of the economy and in particular the Internet.
and to give everyone the opportunity to participate in the global information society. eeurope 2005
low/non-R&d small firms) that prefer the more practical, shorter-term oriented opportunities of the vocational training institutions to the more complex, long-term programmes of the university (Ranga et al. 2008).
or regional-wide network of transfer offices in order to identify market opportunities and partners. Other times, an alliance with local city and regional governments may pave the way to funding an incubator facility to assist in spinning off firms.
In 2010, Kista Science City counted over 1, 000 ICT companies and over 5, 000 ICT students and scientists, a high concentration of expertise, innovation and business opportunities within ICT
challenges and opportunities. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 20,697-716. Rodrigues, C.,Melo, A. 2010.
Nieto, M. and Quevedo, P. 2005), Absorptive capacity, technological opportunity, knowledge spillovers, and innovative effort, Technovation, Vol. 25 No. 10, pp. 1141-57.
In addition the users are given the opportunity to choose the indicators on which they want to rank the institutions selected.
and give them the opportunity to verify the‘pre-filled'data as well. The U-Map test with‘pre-filling'from national data sources in Norway appeared to be resulted successful
opportunities for early participation in research and stimulation to give conference papers. 18 Student satisfaction:
Opportunities for a stay abroad Index made up of several items: The attractiveness of the university's exchange programs and the partner universities;
'This describes the opportunities for students to go abroad. Students'judgments about the opportunities to arrange a semester
or an internship abroad are an aspect of the internationalization of programs. This indicator is relevant for the field level.
respondents will always have to have the opportunity to provide footnotes and comments to the data they submit through the questionnaires.
This provided the institutions with an opportunity for a second submission in which they could provide answers to the questions,
A a-B Opportunities to study abroad (student satisfaction) A b International orientation of programs A b International academic staff B A-B International joint research publications
While this provides a unique opportunity to compare and benchmark with over 100 other institutions worldwide,
And we believe that there are opportunities for the targeted recruitment of groups of institutions from outside Europe of particular interest to European higher education.
but it offers users the opportunity to create informed judgments of the importance of specific contexts
The features of and opportunities offered by U multirank need to be communicated continuously. Since the success of U multirank requires institutions'voluntary participation a comprehensive promotion
-filling opportunities (including EUMIDA cooperation) Pre-filled questionnaires Coordination with national rankings 06/2012 12/2012 12/2012 Roll out Invitation Targeted non-European recruitment
The business plan has to include opportunities to charge fees, sell products and involve commercial partners.
There are a number of opportunities to find funding sources for U-Multirank: a) Basic funding by the governing institutions in form of a lump sum.
Employment Commerce contributes significantly to social inclusion by bringing opportunities to those with limited qualifications who often find it difficult to find employment.
and develop new opportunities, we need both the EU and the Member States to apply an impact test for commerce when considering measures, especially on employment, the Single Market and international trade:
and to tap the potential of resource efficiency for new commercial opportunities. Trade policy must enhance competitiveness as part of the global market,
Sustainability is not only a necessity for responsible decision-makers but also an opportunity for green growth and jobs.
as well as its related opportunities. As for the review objective, it is yet challenging to find a unified survey of current scientific work concerning relevant topics to digital business innovation,
and analyzed in their managerial challenges and opportunities. The trends have been selected also on the basis of focus groups
or to the new digital opportunities and constraints emerging from social networks paradigms, such as, e g.,, crowdsourcing and people services.
5 1. 1. 2 Management Challenges and Opportunities...9 1. 2 Case studies...15 1. 3 Summary...
25 2. 2 Strategic and Managerial Challenges and Opportunities...26 2. 2. 1 Challenges Accompanying Cloud computing...
90 5. 2. 1 Advantages and Opportunities of IT Consumerization...91 5. 2. 2 Challenges and Risks of the Consumerization of IT...
145 8. 2 Opportunities and Challenges Related to Digital Governance...147 8. 3 Digital Governance Mechanisms...
Furthermore, the Chapter aims at investigating management challenges and opportunities, identifying the main phases and actions of a Big data lifecycle.
and Twitter to identify potential threats or opportunities related to human resources, customers, competitors, etc. As a consequence, we believe that the distinction between DDSS
Big data represent an opportunity, on the one hand, e g.,, for improving fraud detection as tax evasion control through the integration of a large number of public administration databases;
Nevertheless, we believe that management challenges and opportunities of Big data need for further discussion and analyses,
and control Sensor Data Fusion Fig. 1. 2 Big data applications 8 1 Big data 1 1. 2 Management Challenges and Opportunities In the Sect. 1
Furthermore, companies aiming to exploit the opportunities offered by Big data have to connect business agility to information value (axes in Fig. 1. 4), through informed empathy.
it is worth noting that data were considered not by interviewees among the main impediments to a full exploitation of Big data opportunities to business value.
which aim to exploit the opportunities of Big data for business performance and value. Decisions Actions Application integration Data Integration Integration Orientation IS Organizational Absorptive Capacity Process Orientation Change orientation Analytics Orientation Information Orientation IT PORTFOLIO DATA ASSET
and articulate a vision coherent with market opportunities, effectively engaging customers, employees and other relevant stakeholders Leadership Management Organization Investments in human resources with a mix of new analytical skills and business
GE envisions Big data as a $30 trillion opportunity by 2030, using a conservative 1%savings in five sectors that buy its machinery (aviation, power, healthcare, rail,
and opportunities, identifying the main phases and actions of a Big data lifecycle. As for these issues, the Chapter has pointed out the relevance of‘‘softscaling''approaches, balancing optimization issues, such as, e g.,
current state and future opportunities. In: Proceedings of extending database technology (EDBT), ACM. March 22 24, Sweden, pp 530 533 14.
and Opportunities The decision of whether to implement the cloud computing project by the organization itself
and Opportunities 27 5. Traffic management and analysis. The importance of the analysis of the data traffic is faced by many challenges in cloud computing. These challenges stem from the difficulties in calculating,
and support engineers in the implementing firm. 3. Increased satisfaction of the support engineers by focusing on more important IT issues. 28 2 Cloud computing 4. It gives the opportunity for the employees from different departments to develop their experiences about cloud computing support
it gives them the opportunity to explore the interaction with this new technology. 5. Finally,
2. 2 Strategic and Managerial Challenges and Opportunities 29 A. Architectural and Technological Aspects, and includes the following points:
2. 2 Strategic and Managerial Challenges and Opportunities 31 agreements on security related issues; up-to-date technology improvement by the CSP;
and when communication is happening over a non-trusted network. 2. 2 Strategic and Managerial Challenges and Opportunities 33 Considering the Community Cloud model,
Careful analysis of the benefits, opportunities and risks are very important in the transformation to the cloud computing environment.
and opportunities. 3. 2 Mobile Services Drivers and Challenges Mobility is currently one the main characteristics of today digital information infrastructures.
opportunities for information systems scholars. Inf Syst Res 17: 327 331 5. Antoniou G, van Harmelen F (2008) A semantic web primer, 2nd edn.
These new opportunities are rewriting the marketing strategies and forcing companies to constantly identifying new business models,
thus, opening new opportunities in terms of market monitoring. Furthermore, the increase and the unprecedented growth of available information have influenced also the way market monitoring is considered by companies
that let decision makers to apply tag on single content elements such as potential threats, business opportunities, etc.,
looking for new opportunities, likewise. The scope of investigation is therefore very broad and the opportunities can rise up in different business areas,
probably not yet explored. POINT OF ATTENTION: Social listening and marketing intelligence empower strategic planning for companies working in complex
keeping record of all the competitive activities related to new potential strategic opportunities. 4. 6 Case studies 83 According to 39,
Cintas has started to keep record of all the competitive activities related to new potential strategic opportunities identified during the monitoring process.
Considering social media, their diffusion opened new opportunities also in terms of benchmarking, enhancing collaborative relationships, creating new spaces for knowledge and information sharing,
POINT OF ATTENTION Social media provide new opportunities for benchmarking activities, on the one hand, enhancing collaborative relationships among employees,
and an opportunity to improve best practice around systems management. Instead of IT being seen as a roadblock on how users want to work,
and Opportunities of IT Consumerization The continuous trend of IT consumerization at organizations promises with many opportunities and advantages that would help companies to achieve the required objectives.
The possible opportunities show the various areas of the organization where benefits can be implemented by a proper introduction and utilization of IT consumerization.
These opportunities were studied and presented by 6 and the 7 and they are as follows: Financial opportunities:
consumerization of IT can result in saving time and money by increasing productivity, reducing spending and increasing user/customer satisfaction.
This can lead to a better customer satisfaction as well as its corresponding financial benefits 8. Organizations that see IT consumerization as an opportunity to create a comprehensive strategy
Modern organisations should try to seize this opportunity in order to increase motivation of staff, support them in becoming more literate in current technologies and use them also in business life.
and communications among the enterprise's employees as well as better recruitment process by using social media platforms 9. Operational opportunities:
a trend that is irreversible and will lead in the middle term to the falling of traditional security models. 2 Data Management opportunities:
or more secondary categories. 5. 3 Steps for IT Consumerization Companies have to rethink their strategies to seize the opportunities associated with the consumerization of the IT devices rather than facing the consequences of this trend.
with IT Consumerization 95 consumerization in order to see it as an opportunity rather than a problem.
This is an ideal opportunity to define all the components of the BYOD program 14.2. To update security model:
Examples of new opportunities enabled by tablets include making an immediate competitive analysis between businesses,
such as personalized mortgage information 16.5.4.6 Retail Sales Tablets can provide local retailers with the opportunity to compete effectively with online stores.
which provide an opportunity to reduce costs 16.5.4 Business Scenarios for IT Consumerization 101 5. 5 Strategies for IT Consumerization The previously explained business scenarios can be associated with one of the following strategies:
and the society themself that are developing accordingly with the new online or virtual world and opportunities.
starting to act in ways that allow them to seize the opportunities coming with them rather than blocking their usage at work environments.
It is safe to say that IT has an opportunity and a responsibility to evolve its role and culture to one that focuses first on the business and users.
in order to know how to seize the opportunities associated with this trend. Many issues that are related to the business, technology,
top risks and opportunities responding to the evolving threat environment. ENISA, Heraklion, pp 1 18 5. 10 Summary 109 8. Copeland R, Crespi N (2012) Analyzing consumerization should enterprise business context determine session policy?.
It also became a place for system developers to share experiences about technical opportunities and limitations.
since, a thorough examination of examples of COC reveals that there are many opportunities associated with this term.
which all occur via the Internet 8. The new development in the field of digital collaboration tools has opened the opportunity to solve problems such as:
and create more collaboration opportunities among institutions 10. The key concepts behind this idea are the communities of practice, the community coordinator and the technology steward.
which give the opportunity for large group discussions. Despite its benefits for the organization, electronic messaging systems cannot be fully secure and reliable,
It provides the opportunity for the appropriate people to contribute, allowing the group to focus on the creative ideas, instead of their available resources 11.
create opportunities, boost productivity, and drive innovation that makes them more competitive and successful. The term social software is general
which provides opportunities to judge the relevance of search results, transcribing podcasts, finding contact information or labeling data to prepare it for the use in machine learning 21.
by taking a look at the opportunities and challenges in this field. Furthermore, the Chapter provides examples of digital governance models that have arisen from the state-of-the-art research in this domain. 8. 1 Introduction The new technological advances in the information
and value constellations 5, blurring the boundaries between inner and outer context of a company. 8. 2 Opportunities
IT governance actually may provide opportunities and benefits in terms of strategic value and return on investments that the above perceived drawbacks may prevent a company to obtain.
and finally, the relational mechanisms 8. 2 Opportunities and Challenges Related to Digital Governance 149 Table 8. 2 Structures, processes and relational mechanisms Structures Processes Relational
in order to seize its opportunities, to face its challenges and to understand the mechanisms of the digital governance.
challenges and opportunities. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, pp 264 267 2. Macintosh A (2008) The emergence of digital governance.
and opportunities such as the possibility of establishing a direct relationship with customers bypassing other actors in the value chain.
In particular, the web offers unique and unprecedented meeting and exchange opportunities between companies and customers.
Companies are called to deal with the Internet and the opportunities of electronic commerce, but, to be able to acquire the benefits,
opening up the opportunity to intercept unmet or unexpressed needs 3. However, this need for innovation is to some extent restrained by the impact of globalization and the convergence of different technologies over economic processes,
the creation of value in the form of innovation is based on the transformation of inputs (investments in research and development) into outputs (new products and opportunities),
In fact, many opportunities, even promising ones, are lost because they require external technologies, but not all companies have the resources
and opportunities for innovation presented in Chap. 10. References 1. Bellman R, Clark C (1957) On the construction of a multi-stage, multi-person business game.
moving fast and following valuable opportunities. Translated in managerial terms, to solve the‘‘innovator's dilemma''1 companies need ambidexterity as a dynamic capability to explore new areas of innovation
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