Synopsis: Entrepreneurship: Opportunity:

or create new opportunities through a process of exploration, innovation, experimentation, and resource mobilization. This is, therefore, an active, messy, highly decentralized learning process,

and assess opportunities (Dees, 1998). In terms of creating social value, therefore, wealth is just a means to an end for social entrepreneurs.

define, and exploit opportunities in order to enhance social wealth by creating new ventures or managing existing organizations in an innovative manner (p. 522).

and take advantage of opportunities to create that value(‘envision');'3) employs innovation, ranging from outright invention to adapting someone else's novelty,

and public sector innovation and provides many opportunities for take-up across all areas. For the first multiannual work programme of Horizon 2020,

and transforming them into business opportunities, where the actors can be part of the solution. SI Park works mainly in the development of large scale social enterprises, generating high local impact

3) Social Enterprise Generator Collaborating entities within the SI Park are offered the opportunity to incubate new social enterprises

In terms of financing of new social innovation ventures, the SI Park will contribute to expanding funding opportunities through establishing a‘Social Business Stock market'

a place where individuals, companies and the public sector can invest both in developing of new opportunities

and whether the user has a reasonable opportunity to know that the data are available

Several legislative mandates have provided various opportunities for the modernization of the electric grid in the U s. Fig. 1 shows a timeline of some events related to the electricity grid in the U s. that have served as harbingers to important changes via mandates

opportunity, diversity, innovation, integrity and accountability. We believe that accountants bring value to economies in all stages of development.

and seek opportunities for long-term success. By focusing on the critical role professional accountants play in economies at all stages of development around the world,

the opportunities available to small businesses from this new form of‘social lending'are potentially significant;

and growth opportunities offered by future economic recovery could provide important incentives to social investors and small business owners alike.

For this unique opportunity to materialise, a number of issues need to be addressed. Figure 5:

opening up new markets and opportunities that would otherwise not have been within their reach. The internet provides one of the rare platforms on

Opportunities for European Cloud computing Beyond 2010, Expert Group Report, online report<http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/ict/ssai/docs/cloud-report-final. pdf,

The booklet overviews emerging business opportunities eco-innovation has to offer to companies that reconsider business models,

Over the years we have gathered convincing evidence on the benefits from ecoinnovation, especially regarding cost savings and new market opportunities.

The focus then shifts to the key issues, challenges and opportunities of eco-innovation for SMES.

bring about new market opportunities and make business more resilient in the face of market trends, notably fluctuating commodity prices.

services and technologies are motivated by the opportunity to access new markets and customer segments. A clear incentive here is maintaining

This type of savings opportunity is associated especially with process innovation and grounded in initiatives like cleaner and leaner production.

repair and recycling. www. rreuse. org National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) in UK helps to identify opportunities where waste products from one industry can be recovered,

Eco-Innovation Observatory Annual Report 2011, Closing the eco-innovation gap, an economic opportunity for business, p. 17, www. eco-innovation. eu/index. php?

an economic opportunity for business, p. 17, www. eco-innovation. eu. Eco-innovate! A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches. 29 eco-innovation observatory Electroself:

and opportunities of implementing a sustainable supply chain management approach? Eco-innovate! A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches.

Evaluate risks and opportunities through a risk management approach or an opportunitybased approach. Establish a common language Set sustainability targets and procurement criteria for the supply chain.

How could R&d help identify opportunities? Do we have systems in place to monitor ecoinnovation trends related to our core business?

and focus. 4. 1 Research and development Building eco-innovative capacity into the Research & development (R&d) process will help identify new business opportunities.

Raise awareness and understanding of environmental impacts throughout the firm to highlight opportunities and priorities related to eco-innovation alongside other product and service attributes.

this may produce interesting opportunities for new eco-innovative solutions, or ways to reduce environmental impacts of existing products and processes.

For example, Philips as an electronics company explores opportunities to improve product-related environmental performance in six focal areas:

A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches. 49 eco-innovation observatory Key Questions have completed we market research amongst customer groups to determine environmental awareness, understanding, potential opportunities and concerns?

and ongoing communications with customers and other stakeholders can identify new opportunities for eco-innovation.

and other stakeholders environmental awareness and understanding may help to reveal business opportunities or threats.

Members receive opportunities to network, access services and financial partners and become visible internationally. www. europe-innova. eu/ecolink Examples of European projects on eco-innovation Eco-innovate!

and networking opportunities IA4SI: providing CAPS with an impact self-assessment methodology and related online tools SCICAFE2. 0:

. pdf Bund, W.,Hubrich, K.,Schmitz, B.,Mildenberger, G.,Krlev, G,(2013), Blueprint of social innovation metrics contributions to an understanding of opportunities and challenges

This report presents a number of recommendations for actions that are needed to ensure that the EU becomes a more attractive place for investment and education and research opportunities.

and establishing their business where opportunities are unexploited still. Finally, issues such as the Community Patent, clear rules on technology transfer and the standardisation process are essential for a functioning Internal Market. 2. The innovation challenge requires an integrated and comprehensive approach The problem to be solved (demand from the market

and establishing their business where opportunities are unexploited still. This calls for urgent action at the EU level to ensure that the free movement of capital

o Addressing major challenges and opportunities; o Creating, capturing and transferring breakthroughs into business opportunities;

o Forming effective governance, leadership and networks; o Exchanging and coordinating research and incubating efforts;

European firms have the opportunity to compete over an internal market with no internal barriers,

Thus, LDCS are seen as an opportunity to delocalise manufacturing activities in the first place, but also research and development in the case of the presence of skilled and qualified workforces.

Copenhagen, 2009.37 See Vattenfall Institute and Mckinsey, Global cost curve of GHG abatement opportunities beyond business as usual by 2030,2007.

This will be a key opportunity to provide guidance on the practices that are likely to minimize the anti-competitive impacts of standard-setting activities.

Vattenfall Institute and Mckinsey (2007), Global cost curve of GHG abatement opportunities beyond business as usual by 2030.85 LIST OF TASK FORCE PARTICIPANTS, SPEAKERS AND INVITED GUESTS Chair:

There are many opportunities for developing business through new processes, models and methods and, of course, with new ICT solutions.

New emerging technologies like smart materials, micro-mechanical sensors and wireless and faster data transfer solutions etc. have presented new opportunities to develop product features, especially those intangible features

and also of market opportunities. The other aspect is the understanding of ICT solution providers.

and opportunities presented by the report of the Expert Group should be taken up in the current discussions about the further development of the European Research Area.

students are becoming more conscious of the value of their education and its impact on their career opportunities,

which in turn is used as a proxy for career opportunities. Likewise, academics and researchers including postdoctoral fellows,

are likely to use benchmarking data to identify potential‘investment'opportunities, using the information as a proxy for value-for-money

nationally and worldwide Quality of academic staff and Phd students INDIVIDUALS Academics and Researchers Identify career opportunities Identify research partners Identify best research infrastructure and support for research Institutional and field data re level of intensity,

Staff/student ratio Institutional research support Students Inform choice of HEI Identify career opportunities Institutional and field data re level of intensity, expertise, quality,

choice and career opportunities Investor/parental confidence and value-for-money Institutional data re. level of intensity, expertise,

while academics and researchers want information that can aid career choices and research opportunities; universities and government are interested in improving performance

Career paths and opportunities can differ for different disciplines which data is collected. Commercialisation of researchgenerated intellectual property (IP) Provides measure of the extent of income from commercialisation of intellectual property created through patents, licences or start ups.

Different opportunities for different disciplines. Lack of agreed basis of capturing data and comparability could undermine legitimacy.

Different opportunities for different disciplines. Lack of agreed basis of capturing data and comparability could undermine legitimacy.

Funding opportunities are less frequent and awards are significantly lower in the arts, humanities, and social sciences than in the sciences because the equipment and materials costs are often insignificant.

together with emerging areas where there are opportunities for development and further investment'.'Policy Objective (s:

and identify emerging research areas and opportunities for further development. The Government intends that ERA will command the confidence of the research community and,

how realistically the Unit saw its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and whether the Unit had contemplated a carefully plan for managing such factors.

and the opportunity to draw attention to the high level of research; to acquaint foreign researchers (experts serving on evaluation panels) with the research carried out

who have the opportunity to comment on the evaluation reports and discuss them with those in charge at AERES before the reports are finalised.

and the taxpaying public that has a form of investment in their government-funded higher education opportunities;

along with new opportunities presented by the technologies themselves, such as telemedicine and internet-based chronic disease management.

However, opportunities presented by the globalization and the entwined, simultaneous pressure to innovate opens for SMES new arenas to engage in

and Labour Affairs in Hamburg and co-financed by the European union (EU). The findings of this survey are matched here against perceived opportunities

21 4. 3 Leveraging Market Opportunities...21 5-Challenges of Global Innovation...22 5. 1 Finding Qualified Personnel...

) Opportunities presented by the globalization and the entwined, simultaneous pressure to innovate, opens for firms, also for SMES,

and Labour Affairs in Hamburg and co-financed by the European union (EU The findings of this survey are matched here against perceived opportunities

but also presents an opportunity to internationalize sales in new, rapidly growing markets and thereby to generate additional revenues.

Many projects were aborted in late phases, causing significant losses in the form of sunk costs and lost opportunities. 42%42%16%0%10%20%30%40

According to some preliminary calculations the shortage of skilled (technical) labour, primarily of engineers and scientists, is leading to a loss of over 20 billion euros a year in the form of unrealized business opportunities.

It is therefore not surprising that many SMES have started recognizing the opportunities that the globalization enables not only in the production but also in R&d.

fast-growing markets such as China and India, may offer tremendous opportunities, e g. in the form of vast pools of qualified human resources in science and technology, cheaper labour costs and access to new, fast

R. Tiwari and S. Buse (October 2007) Page 20 of 31 Setting up offshore R&d centres provides firms with an opportunity to tap into a larger talent pool

or they may cause high opportunity costs in the form of lost business opportunities (in case of prohibition).

or is possible with significantly lower restrictions then it may make sense to locate R&d efforts in that country. 4. 3 Leveraging Market Opportunities

In addition to knowledge and cost factors there might be significant market opportunities abroad in the form of demand for localized products in fast-growing markets.

The urban incomes are set to rise significantly providing ample opportunities for the manufacturers to sell not only items of basic necessities but also of a discretionary nature (MGI, 2006.

At the same time these global opportunities are associated invariably with challenges that need to be mastered in order to fully exploit the chances of global innovation.

Opportunities and Challenges In public-Private Partnership",in: Asia Pacific Tech Monitor, Vol. 24, No. 1, New delhi, pp. 32-37.

and give an opportunity to compare and asses different kind of funding sources. Air Introduction Even though air traffic is highly polluting

public agencies or local governments could launch specific initiatives ranging from training opportunities, small loans and direct services to Vol. 4 Issue 2 2012 46 physical infrastructure,

an overview of the opportunities and challenges. Higher education Management and Policy 20 (2): 3-33.

and opportunities to innovate (Allman Et al. 2011). In particular, key enablers of the innovation process rest on the interplay between available resources and knowledge creation,

Human and social capital in turn also activate networking opportunities and increase firms'absorptive capacities, defined as the capacity of make use of external knowledge.

or social groups that are excluded from the opportunities shared by others (Sen, 2000). We do not mean that any feeling of disadvantage configures a social exclusion situation;

According to Elster, adaptive preferences evolve from an unconscious process of adaptation to situations where opportunities are limited;

The way to resolve these cognitive dissonances would be through adapting the volitions to the real opportunities at hand;

and this opens up opportunities for those with caring responsibilities who might choose to stay at home rather than work in a traditional job.

and opportunities in achieving this goal, as well as directly providing ICT skills which add significantly to the beneficiaries'competences

They also illustrate the operational opportunities of aligning, in principle, any work task or process to match the variable needs of potential workers, regardless of their particular characteristics.

and practice which itself opens the possibilities for many further opportunities. The Mission Leben case illustrates this with individuals traditionally completely excluded from the labour market,

together with dedicated and visionary champions and activists, there are opportunities to engage with a wide range of people.

but unachievable by individual actors, can be created as business opportunities for new companies, often with early users as co-investors.

/198065436/one-mans-quest-to-make-health-care-accessible-andaffordable 74http://www. forbes. com/sites/jenniferrooney/2013/03/26/the-opportunities-that-exist-in-the-market-of-well-being-mequilibriumsjan-bruce/75

and to give them the opportunity to familiarise themselves with projects/organisations to be funded. An intended side-effect is that they learn about problems and issues as well as solutions and effective ways of dealing with the HIV/AIDS problem.

which might be a future opportunity for the health domain. Types and uses of ICT The types of ICT and its use varies across the three health focus areas,

Nevertheless, there are also some more down to earth implications and opportunities. The major uses of ICT and the respective associated objectives can be summarised as follows:

and to give them the opportunity to familiarise themselves with projects/organisations to be funded. An intended side-effect is that they learn about problems and issues as well as solutions and effective ways of dealing with the HIV/AIDS problem.

The opportunities offered by the use of technology in education are many. It transforms the pedagogy

and blended learning offers new options for delivery and new opportunities for in service teacher training and support.

ICT provides opportunities to access an abundance of information using multiple information resources and viewing information from multiple perspectives

providing opportunities for adapting the learning content and tasks to the needs and capabilities of each individual pupil and by providing tailored feedback (Mooij, 1999;

and challenges estimated to provide them with the opportunity to learn. The School of One builds on traditional teaching principles and by use of ICT it is possible to apply all the best material

At a much smaller scale Professor Why supplies the same support for the subject of chemistry by offering the opportunity of virtual experiments to make chemistry more attractive and practical as a subject and less theoretical.

or give participants opportunities to earn an official certificate from a higher education institution (Yuan 2013). ) Finally, quality assurance of the courses is primarily left to reflections and informal evaluations of course participants during and after the courses,

and instrumental expertise to provide them optimal opportunities to learn in each their best way.

An interesting additional finding is the opportunity ICT provides to provide insight into learning mechanisms & evaluation possibilities in the education area.

and anytime-Opens higher education-May provide opportunities to cut costs in higher education-New strategic business model currently run through a non-for profit setup The main policy implications demonstrated are the importance of affordable broadband,

legal & administrative systems-Reluctance to integrate ICT-enabled educational approaches-New ICT enabled opportunities for instance through APPS/Mobile-Experimentation with new learning approaches using digital gaming-Can provide solutions for special

the new challenges and opportunities of e-Inclusive. The Taylor & francis Group. Millard, J (2014b forthcoming) Open governance systems:

both new and old, applied to new challenges or opportunities. This application almost always requires well-functioning communities of practice (Cop),

but often also old knowledge applied to new challenges or opportunities to the creation of economically valuable new solutions:

and others to play a beneficial role for health education, public participation and the realisation of economic opportunities.

or structural changes that can generate new business opportunities and provide a source of competitiveness.

The introduction and more efficient use of digital technologies improves people's quality of life (better health care, safer, more efficient transport, easier access to public services and cultural content, new opportunities for the media, etc..

thereby generating new growth opportunities for companies in all sectors. The Government supports universities, research centres, technology centres and science and technology parks

This transition towards a more sustainable production model represents a new opportunity for reindustrialisation. The move towards a more sustainable growth model depends largely on the commitment of established production sectors.

The green economy offers great economic opportunities to industry, the energy sector, farming and tourism.

The Government encourages businesses to take advantage of such opportunities by promoting the sustainable use of natural resources, renewable energy generation,

more specifically, implementing policies to improve employability and increase job opportunities for young people. Measures in this sphere, in accordance with the Catalan Government's competences, are aimed at the following objectives:

it is important to ensure that sufficient opportunities exist for highly-qualified workers. In this respect, the Catalonia 2020 Strategy 26 Catalan Government aims to promote the presence of Phd holders at companies

and represents an opportunity for those wishing to obtain professional qualifications abroad. Measures to promote such mobility include providing more information about job offers in other European countries

and detecting growth opportunities The production sector requires policies to foster the maintenance of companies and jobs, particularly in the present context of severe crisis. In view of this,

and opportunities and through Government intervention to help ensure the continuity of strategic industrial projects.

and detecting growth opportunities Catalonia 2020 Strategy 34 and vocational training), throughout society and in public opinion in order to foster entrepreneurship,

oil and Catalonia 2020 Strategy 35 fishing-related tourism offer new opportunities for the development of the tourist industry potential that is endogenous to country areas. 6. 5. 4

and other pollutants) as for the opportunities that such a transition offers to the production sector.

whilst also benefitting from the opportunities that they offer for business development. 6. 6. 1. Promoting sustainability in the

production system Within the frame of the Europe 2020 Strategy, the roadmap for a resource-efficient Europe stresses particularly the need and the opportunity presented by guiding the production system towards a more sustainable model based on increased efficiency

The energy efficiency cluster in Catalonia provides innovative, integral energy efficiency solutions, through the cooperation of technological companies, improving competitiveness and taking advantage of business opportunities.

and efficiency in all sectors of the economy. 6. 6. 3. Promoting renewable energy sources Renewable energy sources generate business opportunities

co-ordination and implementation mechanisms 16 2. 3 Availability and use of policy intelligence tools 18 2. 4 Key challenges and opportunities 18 3

orientations and opportunities 26 Appendices Appendix A Bibliography...28 Appendix B Stakeholders consulted...30 4 Executive Summary 1. Introduction:

science, technology and culture, healthcare, public transport and other public services also limit the opportunities of innovation-intensive sectors

and meagre local financing opportunities, the best option for exploiting and enhancing the existing innovation potential is to promote international co-operation.

future actions and opportunities for innovation policy Although Central Hungary could easily have capitalised on its existing knowledge

Moreover, drastic cuts in the public funding of education, science and technology and culture (as well as of healthcare, public transport and other public services) also limit the opportunities of innovation-intensive sectors

and meagre local financing opportunities, the best option for exploiting and enhancing the existing innovation potential is to promote international co-operation.

and the development of a knowledge-based economy opened up never-before-seen opportunities for regional innovation stakeholders.

Horizontal co-operation among regional innovation agencies has become formalised through the creation of RIAS'network (RIÜNET) that has provided an opportunity for active dialogue

and by the opportunity to get access to Structural Funds resources that support regional innovation.

and opportunities At a time when unprecedented amounts of funding are available from EU Structural Funds for innovation purposes,

the main challenge faced by innovation policy decision-makers is to design programmes that use this opportunity effectively

European union Structural Funding offers the opportunity to overcome the trade-off between excellence and cohesion in CH.

and benefit from these opportunities the regional institutional base must be reinforced, just as governance and policy coordination must be improved:

and selected the ones with promising commercialisation opportunities. The third constituent of the regional innovation policy mix (though its management was decentralised not) was the Central Hungarian Operational Programme.

because private firms have recognised the opportunity of supported research projects and have complemented the initial funding with their resources

They have recognised the opportunity offered by the initial document (i e. the‘Strategic Concept of Budapest Development Pole')and have participated systematically in all kinds of related tenders.

and opportunities We can conclude this report by reiterating the main lesson, the case of

Future opportunities depend on the direction of the restructuring within the regional and the national innovation systems.

grab the funding opportunities offered by the Structural Funds, carry out RTDI activities, try to commercialise the results,

and exploit the opportunities European and global linkages offer. 28 Appendix A Bibliography Ágh A. 2007):

Integration of these data into the countrywide information system. 2. Evaluation and registration of innovation centres, incubator houses and technology centres. 3. Information provision about funding opportunities for innovative SMES,

by proposing a solution to a specific problem and by offering new social links and collaboration opportunities.

in order to develop new working opportunities, collaborations and so forth (Portes, 1998). Following this perspective, belonging to a network is a value in itself as it multiplies the opportunities to enlarge one's own network

and to'use'it for addressing emerging necessities. In this short review of research on the motivational factors driving people to participate in online activities we have not yet mentioned altruism,

while at the same time create opportunities to remove barriers to accessibility. Specifically, CAP4ACCESS will use the power

Lessons learned in developing countries The health sector has taken not advantage of the range of ICT opportunities as effectively as other social sectors

use obsolete technology, have restricted a vision of requirements and opportunities, and frequently resort to providers with limited experience and staying power.

the power and the opportunity to improve competitive conditions by promoting standards, lessening network externalities at the community level,

and which opportunities come along with the digital shift for museums? How can museums use ICT

how museums can best respond to this opportunity and emphasises the necessity of keeping the audience's needs and motivations at the forefront.

Julia Pagel, NEMO Project Manager Kelly Donahue, NEMO Executive Assistant 8 While the Internet's democratic potential has created corresponding demands and great opportunities,

In order to take advantage of such opportunities in the digital age, museums must meet two basic conditions:

These new players have opportunities and capacities in the digital age that museums do not have.

how museums can best respond to this opportunity and emphasises the necessity of keeping the audience's needs,

best respond to this opportunity? This is particularly challenging given the potential complexity and cost of developing new products and services for these devices.

The opportunity for a museum to succeed in this new global market is vivid. Legal aspects of digitising the museum:

have unlimited almost opportunities to access the wonders that museums hold. Museums and Europeana. Harry Verwayen 25 Museums have an important role to play

and the wealth of opportunities that accompanied it. From local to global Digitisation and networking in the information society are part

Notwithstanding the problems, digitisation presents a great opportunity for museums. It gives them the chance to open mobile and purely virtual museums alongside brick-andmortar establishments.

If Europe wants to promote the founding values of the European project such as democracy, human rights and rule of law, equal rights and opportunity for all, peace and prosperity, decent education and standard of living,

this opportunity will surely be missed. This implies a completely new approach that is not based only on economic resources.

which will provide organisations or individuals with the opportunity to join. By paving the way for new and stronger partnerships and giving space to experimentation whilst welcoming and integrating newcomers,

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