and services and are acknowledged now as competitive assets. 13 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES Box 1. The first step of the collective reflection:
new products and services, new organizational patterns (e g. management methods, work organization), new institutional forms (e g. mechanisms of power distribution by assignment, positive discrimination quotas
New actors, products, services, processes, Social impact, Territorial impact, Replication potential, Sustainability 20 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES innovation is, in fact,
identifying and delivering new services that improve the quality of life of individuals and communities; identifying and implementing new labour market integration processes, new competencies, new jobs,
are doing so by delivering new welfare services at both national and local levels, often in partnership with the public sector. They are shaping new processes and services a more tailored approach thus enabling increased public sector efficiency.
In addition, users are involved increasingly in the design of these services and user-driven social innovation is suited undoubtedly better to meeting user needs. 8. Mohammad Yunus,
economist and Nobel Peace Prize, developed the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. He founded the Grameen Bank.
employment, targeted insertion, delivery of social and community services; balanced growth approaches to development; social cohesion in the New Economy;
The young creative team of investigators and social work students attract these parents (with children under seven-years-old) who are typically wary of state welfare 27 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES services,
The German government does offer parenting support services, but has developed a one-size-fits-all slate of professional seminars that are pitched to a middle-class,
The ELTERN-AG group is also planning to expand the slate of services offered and to expand the target population to include children ages seven to sixteen.
Social innovation engaging new actors, resources, systems and processes to create new social value can generate new ways of delivering existing services and design different ones.
and ensure services are most efficient. A tighter focus on efficiency and budget control ought to drive innovation,
Age Unlimited, NESTA's programme on ageing, works with people in their 50s to design new types of services for older people;
services and a social enterprise incubator to support new approaches to healthcare. NESTA's research work supports these practical interventions and builds on the research,
Our work looks to the public as the users of services, the people with ideas,
and services to satisfy global markets and create employment. Politicians create new frameworks and policies to (hopefully) serve their constituents, fix failing market and societal mechanisms.
competitive mechanisms have allowed for dramatic products and services innovations, increasing consumption and growing flows of capital into the business sector.
In order to do so, they progressively built a network of 300 sports teachers who could provide these services,
their products and services may contribute people's life comfortable and useful. Furthermore, their business activities sometimes may lead to industrial innovation.
Their innovative products and services can resolve various social issues. But on the other hand, they often lead to various social issues, like environmental pollution, human rights violation, etc.
new technologies, services and products and approaches are needed to meet Europe's major societal challenges,
The production of knowledge and certainly the exploitation of it into economic and social relevant products and services is a question of collaboration between knowledge institutes
and translate new discoveries and inventions into new products and services. Entrepreneurs seek new possibilities and make new combinations.
or services to breakthrough products, and processes or services that introduce first time features or exceptional performance.
Process definition of innovation proponents concern themselves mainly with how the interplay between events and people at each stage of the process influences events in subsequent stages,
Innovation has further been defined as the willingness to place strong emphasis on research and development, new products, new services, improved product lines,
whereas process innovation represents changes in the way firms produce end products or services (Camison-Zomoza, Lapiedra-Alcamí,
or technologies used by the organization to deliver products or services, while product innovations are defined in this research as new products
or services introduced to meet an external user or market need (Walker 2005). IT Investment With IT's increasing sophistication and usage,
Business Services (n=58; and Consumer Services (n=17. The age of the firms ranged from 1 to greater than 40 years with the median range of the sampled firms from 20 to 29 years.
The median size of the firms was in the 20 49 employee category with a small minority of firms larger than 100 employees (n=18.
The items were (1) there exists a very strong emphasis on marketing of tried and true product/services compared to there exists a very strong emphasis on R&d
2) no new lines of products, services, or programs were introduced during the past three years versus more than half of our product lines or services were introduced during the past three years;
and (3) changes in product lines have been minor over the last three years opposed to changes in product lines have been major over the last three years.
An SME that fails to continually invest in innovation places itself at greater risk of having products and services marginalized by technologically superior competitors.
Sources of Small and Medium Enterprises Excellent Business Performance in a Service Orientated Economy, Journal of Services Research 5 (1), 5 20.
producing high-value-added goods and services. The country's overall competitive performance, however, continues to be dragged down by severe macroeconomic weaknesses (124th), with the second-highest budget deficit in this year's sample (143th).
In addition, labor markets are considered too rigid (137th) and the level of local competition low (82nd), mainly the result of a lack of liberalization in some services.
and services markets (117th) and continuing the reform of the financial and banking sector (114th).
The most notable advantages are found in Malaysia's efficient and competitive market for goods and services (11th) and its remarkably supportive financial sector (6th),
sustained by improvements in its macroeconomic environment, the efficiency of its markets for goods and services,
Ancillary services provided by DSOS TD3 50 Ecogrideu TWENTIES Ecogrideu EDISON Ecogrideu Cell Project Cell Project Prioritized Activities 34 2010 2011 2012 2013
3. Pilot project for testing of technologies for Smart homes and 4. Possibilities to use shared metering infrastructure for additional services.
and marketplace for the grid services needed to realise renewable input. smart grid Develop the technology
and control-Ancillary Services provided by DSOS-Improved defence and restoration plans-Forecasting DER generation 66 SLOVENIA 67 SI:
National thematic focus TTRRAANNSSMIISSSSIIOONN nneettwoorrkk Diissttrriibbuuttiioonn nneettwoorrkk Dynamic thermal rating WAMS (wide area measurement system) DSM/Ancillary services DCN (data communication
The task of the Flemish Smart Grids Platform is to pave the way for the development and the market for the required technologies, products and services in a multidisciplinary and sustainable way.
when procuring services. Particularly for DSI this could include valuing the network effect and digital engagement of users provided by procured services. 3. Increase the potential value of DSI (for instance,
making available distributed architectures, common frameworks, open standards and through supporting Innovation Spaces). Overall, there is a need for a public,
which services are designed explicitly to tackle societal challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has identified,
the existing commercial services built on top of this lower technical layer continues for the most part to empower existing‘top-down'centralised and established organisations in the corporate and government sector.
and possibly game-changing innovative services aimed at tackling large-scale societal challenges. Online innovation developed specifically to effect major positive social change remains, arguably, in its infancy
with relatively few services reaching global scale. There are a few impressive success stories in obtaining a global reach,
Yet services that exist to help communities collaborate on problems that may not fit in traditional institutional
in social innovation activity and new services that generate social value, but much of this potential has not yet being realised.
The goal is to enable more of these smaller innovative services to sprout and flourish and effectively help to solve global scale societal problems.
This includes the types of technologies underpinning DSI services. These combine novel technology trends such as open data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge;
In particular, we examine how some of these digital services can take advantage of the network effect of the Internet
This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
but it may not apply easily to some other services such as edemocracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies.
Yet on the level of services, the emerging cloud model of some services (proprietary social networks, big data providers, implementations of the Internet of things
while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Apple has started a market that was entirely new;
monopolistic behaviour and aggressive IP litigation rather than providing actual innovative services. Thus, there is a danger that once users are locked in'to various monopolies,
the level of innovation in these services will decrease. Furthermore, most users have accepted giving away their personal data in exchange for free services.
Yet this bargain not only undermines privacy and weakens data protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity and personal data.
in order to expand into other data-driven services in order to increase their value, profit and marketability. For example, the company is now pushing into smart watches, smart cars, smart thermostats, smart clothes and smart cities.
so that there is space for DSI alongside commercial services in the Cloud. In the long-term, if only a few non-European commercial bodies control all data-driven services,
this threatens the ability of the European innovation system to compete This European infrastructure would enable a whole new round of innovation that may not even be possible within current business models,
SOCIETY COLLABORATION DISTRIBUTED BIG BROTHER Commercial services, Entertainment (eg. IPTV) DRM-heavy apolitical INDIVIDUALISM BUSINESS COMPETITION CENTRALLY CONTROLLED Open
and create new services. Competition based on open standards, protocols and formats are essential to deploy interoperability between data, devices, services and networks.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
Across the world the burgeoning field of collaborative consumption is using digital platforms to change how people share resources and exchange goods and services,
In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born out of social innovation) has become an avenue for nine million people to gain access to secured financial exchange services.
and a strict regulatory framework. 26 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Other interesting initiatives such as Goteo are building services around the idea of the Commons,
Goteo is a social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructure, micro tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative initiatives that contribute to the common good, free knowledge and open code.
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services.
One interesting example of an Urban Lab is the Barcelona Urban Lab. It was created to facilitate the use of urban space as a laboratory available to companies that need to test their products and services in a real environment.
These pilot products and services have to respond to an unmet municipal need, thus improving public service design and delivery.
Organisations like Mysociety and the Open Knowledge Foundation in the UK have developed services such as Fixmystreet
and the environment in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioral change.
and sharing economy platforms like Peerby are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups
in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioural change9-for instance, platforms for collaboration to solve environmental issues and incentivise sustainable behavioural changes, such as Safecast and Beaware.
private firms and nonprofit organisations interested in partnering with government to provide better services, bring digital technology to cities,
or partnering with DSI services Delivering services Providing funding for experiments/R&d (particular the case for large Telco organisations) Analysing trends
Possible future services based on OSN include mobile applications that support citizens using public transport by displaying real time information on arrival and departure,
They run multiple self-provisioned, experimental and commercial services and applications. A common entry point allows researchers to select a set of resources,
and then deploy, run, monitor Innovative combinations of network solutions and infrastructures, e g. sensor net works, free interoperable network services, open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband,
distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures OPEN NETWORKS 40 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe and experiment with services and protocols.
It then invited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data,
and to new services So-called Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), which are becoming increasingly important in this context.
Start with live case studies from practitioners-people who run services and who know what the problems/challenges/opportunities are.
and services to be open sourced. This means introducing elements of open innovation into the procurement process,
and services by the EU are achieving their goals and if providers are able to deliver their outcomes.
Open standards are essential to deploy interoperability between data, devices, services and networks. Standards will enable new business models for co-operation between multiple stakeholders such as companies,
so that devices and services produced and delivered by different companies can communicate with one another. The Internet is the best example of the power of interoperability.
the possibility to add (web) content and services themselves, access to devices and modular applications that talk to one another.
and services built on freely acquired data, as long as they respect provisions in the license. Private data should also have its privacy dimension encoded using open standards
and guarantees that users may freely choose between services online. The European parliament adopted amendments to enshrine net neutrality in EU law at the beginning of April 2014.
and pan-European digital services that underwrite robust, equal, society-wide access to connectivity. However, while most resources are going to top-up deployments from Telcos
which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments.
and run by government to drive innovation in products and services, citizen engagement and policy development, there are vast often highly connected communities of private, academic and civic labs
and services generated, as well as new types of actors such as Fab Labs and makerspaces. LESSON FROM EXISTING INNOVATION POLICY FRAMEWORKS 86 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe RECOMMENDATION FOR EVALUATION Guidelines for assessing the impact of Digital Social Innovation Assessment
for example) when procuring services. Particularly for DSI this could include valuing the network effect and digital engagement of users provided by procured services.
WHAT SHOULD POLICYMAKERS DO? 1. Invest in digital technologies for the social good: Make it easier to create new digital SI through specific regulatory
Interoperable, customised and modular services and applications based on open source, open access and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
and it would make sure that services deployed answer to concrete unmet local needs and demand.
Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference (2013): 139-147.3 Over-the-top is a general term for service providers that develop services that are utilized over a network that is owned by traditional network operators.
66 Figure 8-Matrix of business functions and international services...96 4 LIST OF REGIONAL EXAMPLES Example 1-Analysis of the regional context Skåne's innovation capacity...
likely competitors and the entire set of input and services required for launching a new business activity.
Many future goods and services will be driven by KETS such as semiconductors, advanced materials, photonics and nanotechnology.
Moreover, these goods and services will be crucial in addressing the'grand societal challenges'facing the EU,
it has not been as successful in translating research results into commercialised manufactured goods and services.
a region should be able to identify relevant linkages and flows of goods, services and knowledge revealing possible patterns of integration with partner regions.
Its aim is to gain insight into the results of innovation support services with the aim of improving delivery instruments,
which do not match current product mixes (e g. the difficulty of defining environmental product or services'sectors').
Assessment and mapping of digital infrastructures and e-communication services: existing and planned technology infrastructures (broadband networks) and other telecom-and internet-related services are presented in the Digital Agenda Scoreboard. 21 Human resources:
Attractiveness of working conditions for researchers compared with other employment opportunities; facilitated mobility of research and innovation personnel between the public and the private sector.
and peer review services, for example. Figure 1 exemplifies a number of organisations belonging to each of the previous categories,
Examples of such activities include technology transfer, knowledge exchange, venture funding, regional economic development, business services
talent attraction schemes Innovation awards Incubators Start-ups support innovation services (business support and coaching) Training
and focus of innovation support services for SMES Target of support Reactive tools providing input for innovation Proactive tools focusing on learning to innovate Global connections Excellence poles Cross
and service providers Industrial production regions with relatively high knowledge absorptive capacities Supporting science-industry linkages (personnel exchange and placement schemes, technology advisory services, technology
combining technology transfer with other services Promote innovation start-ups (business angel networks, mentoring schemes, regional seed and venture capital funds) Densification and internationalisation of regional production clusters Regional public procurement oriented towards innovation Technology platforms (linking technical schools and SMES) Technology transfer centres in relevant sectors,
Medium/long-term results Increase awareness of a set of new technologies Awareness campaign, visits to fairs, advisory services Adoption of technologies Improved business performance;
, increase in prototypes New products and services based on innovation, increased quality of production Increase of research activity in a region Research subsidies to enterprises or universities/research centres Increase in research expenditure in firms, increase in patents or publications Improved innovation performance,
Furthermore, SMES are key players in introducing new products/services into the market place and offering innovative solutions to the grand challenges.
Regional policy makers also have to understand the different forms of innovation such as non-technology services, cross-sector technology integration, system and business model innovation,
It is relevant for the regional authorities to adapt their offer of support services to the demand of the different types of enterprises:
SMES need policy support in tapping into the necessary outside resources, principally access to knowledge in the form of advice through innovation support services and tailored counselling, technology or qualified human capital,
or testing new ways to access high added-value support services: vouchers, innovative procurement, market replication, proof of concept, lead markets, 47 Key Enabling Technologies (KETS),
and management to commercialisation of project results) as part of the regional innovation support services, use of financial engineering instruments to promote commercialisation of promising EU research and innovation results by regional actors,
Support services based on direct customised assistance: o the IPR Helpdesk provides information on intellectual property issues related to FP753;
o the Business Innovation Centres (BIC) provide innovation related business services on a commercial basis;
systems and related services that are used by research communities to conduct top-level research in their respective fields.
They can also provide complementary services and support to local firms. Spinoffs and SMES can find wider support services that allow them to better focus on their core business and on research for the development of innovations in science parks.
They are associated usually with strong networking effects and high levels of social capital. They also provide visibility
sectoral centres targeting specific industries (providing a range of specialised services, directly to firms) and cross-sector centres concerned with generic issues (such as product development and work in partnership).
or region in order to offer a range of integrated guidance and support services for projects carried out by innovative SMES,
and that they are able to provide high added-value, financial and nonfinancial support services to SMES,
and services that create growth and jobs. The contribution of the stakeholders at regional and national level needs therefore to be enhanced.
and translating it into innovative products and services, in cooperation with research centres and businesses.
and students, provide advice and services to SMES, and participate in schemes promoting the training and placement of high level graduates in innovative businesses.
Advisory services for the improvement of the economic and environmental performance as well as the climate-friendliness and resilience of the farms, forest enterprises and rural SMES,
sustainable and inclusive economic growth through the realisation of the digital single market and the exploitation of the potential for innovation of fast and ultra fast internet and interoperable services and applications.
at 100 Mbps minimum) and for wide deployment and more effective use of digital technologies, applications and services.
and the best leverages for the potential of digital technologies and services to meet today's challenges
and more effective use of digital applications and services spurring innovation, increased competitiveness and economic growth.
as well as ensuring investment in digital service infrastructures (trans-European high speed backbone connections for public administrations, cross-border delivery of egovernment services, enabling access to public sector information and multilingual
services, online safety and security, intelligent energy networks and smart energy services. To best harness EU funding from these various financial instruments, one of the key challenges for management authorities is
broadband and NGA networks and Digital Service Infrastructures including core service platforms and generic services.
The S3 platform, in combination with relevant Commission Services can provide specific assistance to regions which identify ICT as one of its main policy objectives for the 2014-2020 period.
the S3 platform will also develop services dedicated to broadband roll out. Regions are reminded to closely coordinate their plans with the actions included in the national plans for high speed internet (national broadband plans) with a view to exploiting synergies
dynamic cultural institutions and services), stimulates the development of creative businesses, and supports spill over effects into the local existing industries and fuel development.
''Promoting clusters','Developing ICT products and services,;''Promoting entrepreneurship, ''Developing new business models for SMES','Improving the urban environment','Developing Business incubators,'Supporting the physical and economic regeneration of urban and rural areas and communities,
applications and services, the support to new business models for CCI SMES, etc. Balance between hard (structures/infrastructures:
R&d&i, support services, access to finance, design) can be produced outside OECD countries. Regions have thus to benchmark themselves with any other regions to assess where the real
According to a Finnish survey entitled'International R&d in high growth SMES Implications to innovation policy',110 public authorities can help the internationalisation process of technological companies by supplying them with support services
Figure 8-Matrix of business functions and international services Business International functions services Research Joint research Access to equipment Establishment (FDI) Innovation Joint
and enterprises commercialising their results and services). A new RSFF facility to provide loans and leases to SMES and smaller midsized firms,
and regions consist mainly in providing support in the form of finance, infrastructure or services for R&d or other activities and capacities that aim to produce innovations.
The introduction of these innovative products or services into the market is, however, a problem that is barely addressed,
They then either procure R&d services to develop innovative solutions with pre-commercial public procurement,
for example, the administrations in charge of health and care services, environment, mobility, energy, housing, waste and water management do not perceive themselves as having any role to play regarding support for innovative firms.
To financially support the procurement of innovative solutions (goods & services), through targeted and limited grants to contracting authorities.
and services that are more environmentally-friendly; Enhancing international and interregional co-operation on innovation for sustainable growth.
services and models) that simultaneously meet social needs (more effectively than alternatives) and create new social relationships or collaborations.
new services) they contribute to reshaping society in the direction of participation, empowerment, co-creation and learning.
Public sector is central in the delivery of many services of social and economic value. In this regard, it has a pivotal role in answering (together with private stakeholders and the civil society) today's major societal challenges such as demographic ageing, increased demand for healthcare services, risk
of poverty and social exclusion, the need for better and more transparent governance, and a more sustainable resource management.
new or improved services (e g. healthcare at home), organisational innovation, system innovation (e g. new patterns of co-operation and interaction) and conceptual innovation (e g. a change in the outlook of actors.
This can lead to increased efficiency and the delivery of new and better quality services that respond not only to the users'evolving needs
Are there sector-specific support services/schemes foreseen? 4. 4 Does the document outline measures to stimulate private R&d&i investments, for instance through public-private partnerships?
nanotechnology, micro-nanoelectronics, advanced materials, photonics, industrial biotechnology and advanced manufacturing systems. 118 4. 6 Does it include a sufficiently balanced mix of soft innovation support services
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