improovin the quality and robustness of anticipatory intelligeenc and preparedness for disruptive events through systematic approaches and shared insights and perceptioons creating an effective dialogue between key players in the different policy domains;
Designing research policy and strategy with broad aim of selecting priorities for research investments and cooperation of R&i actors.
and become increasingly complex as non-state actors influence the international political and policy agenda.
Universities are presently key players but consortia of researchers, companies or new hybrid institutions may start to impact on this role.
and effective governance, ICSU is recognised as a key player in international science and has been able to attract new funding.
IPRM is targeted also at the systemic level of multiple actors and organizations. Thus, this visionary process includes many participants and different interests.
In this view, system failures are approached as outcomes of‘rigidities and mistakes of innovation agents'and‘a lack of linkages and fragmentatiio between innovation actors'(Georghiou and Keenan 2006:
First, foresight provides actors with informatiio and signals outside the immediate environment and helps to identify potential threats and opportunities.
reorienttin the science and innovation system, demonstrating the vitality of the science and innovation system, bringing new actors into the strategic debate,
and broadening the range of actors engaged in science and innovation policy. Weber et al. 2009: 955) argue that policy processes have gone through a conceptual shift in
actor assemblages, enabling technologies and related infrastrucctures a temporal scope of the system (e g. what is short-term,
Secondly, TM accentuates the interrelatedness of societal and technological systems and the multiplicity of actors.
and development activities realized by multiple actors. A joint vision can direct these interlinked activities towards joint goals
the system could refer to an entity consisting of different actors, for example, in the health value network and the regulatory context of this network,
yet in some cases the market development and actors play more imporrtan roles. In the first level, technology-based solutions, specific developments of technological solutions are depicted on a level that is assessed as necessary.
The fourth potenntia level is capabilities, resources and actors. At this level, the technology is set in its immediate societal context.
Actors refer to the individuals, organizations and institutions that are perceived as important in the development of the technology.
processes and resourrces New solutions need to be negotiated within a large network of actors and thus risk aversion predominates.
segments, geography Capabilities, resources, actors (CRA) CRA developments 2 CRA developments 3 CRA developments 4 Figure 2. Generic structure of technology roadmap.
while simultaneously creating market demand and business opportunities for existing and new players in the business.
Collaboration between the key R&d players and the government would be important especially in the Victorian context, due to the fragmented nature of the construction sector.
In the market, this trajectory calls for new types of actors, system and subsystem integrators.
Policies for lifecycle efficient production ACTOR-ORIENTED POLICIES: Policies to enable voluntary citizen actions on environmentally sustainable ICT;
This also requires new energy market players that take the responsibility for aggregating the distributed energy resources to the grids.
The second set of policies is oriented actor policies. The first of these is to enable voluntary citizen actions on environmmentall sustainable ICT,
or by different financial activities to back up new public and private actors in the field. The third set of policies focus on the regulation and demand-side
and of research infrastructure planning with these programmmes The participation of the actors in research systems in a foresight process may also promote transparennc
At the individual level, sense-making builds on the actor's ability to perceive, interpret and construct the meaning of the emerging landscape (du Toit 2003;
Therefore, every research organisation and every actor in the innovation system has to position itself or himself in 236.
As Fraunhofer is one of the largest actors in the European system, it is obvious that its headquarters had to act to position the Fraunhofer Society.
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