Too close relationships with the potential users in private or public organisations may inhibit the critical function that FTA should have shared (a problem with external FTA service providers who depend strongly on their clients.
More recently, the scope of the problems and issues to be tackled by FTA has been expanding.
Organisations are facing major problems in identiffyin future challenges and providing solutions on time. A faster and continuous analysis and translation into actions of future challenges and opportunities is needed
Whether a specific model of FTA is appropriate for a transformative problem or not strongly depends on the wider institutional and organisatioona environment in
The main problem is that governments and companies tend to deal with changes in a reactive rather than a proacttiv mode.
not only applies to the problems and challenges ahead, but also to the FTA systems that are already in place.
The increasing ease of international exchange coupled with the recognition that many scientific problems from climate change to AIDS, are inherently international in nature,
but had resulted in some problems absorbing the results into the ICSU strategic plan. It was decided to internalise the process as far as possible.
but in others, many of the problems faced in 2010 were discussed already widely, e g. environmental concerns.
perhaps coalescing into a‘perfect storm'of major problems (Beddington 2009) this thought experiment served to lessen the remoteness of 2031
At the other end, countries have a global outlook and favour international cooperattio when problem-solving.
e g. peer review and other forms of self regulation Proliferation of local solutions to societal problems that also utilise‘traditional knowledge'Fewer opportunities for curiosity-driven Research funding for science is on a relative decline Figure 1. Exploratory scenario
and applied and societal problem-solving oriented research on the other hand. This is particularly relevant for research performed at universities,
Within the focus of problem-solving oriented research a second source of tensions relates to different viewpoints between scientists and policy-makers.
references to OA in grant agreements) Problems of oversight related to research integrity Evaluation Evaluation of transnational programme refers to appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency in execution of entire programme and its parts
innovation and other policy areas (such as competition, regional, financial, employment and education policies) Another organisation deals with international activities Problems with aligning financial resources and budget
and enables transitions between different levels of abstraction by way of problem structuring and synthesis (Ko nno la et al. 2011).
the systematic examination of potential future) problems, threats, opportunities and likely future developments, including those at the margins of current thinking and planning.
as well as persistent problems, trends and weak signal. Van Rij 2010a, 2010b) Horizon scanning may also take place in specific policy domains (Botterhuis et al. 2010.
promising, threatening, solutioons discoveries, problems, crisis, tensions, growth, breakthroughs, breakdowns, or new insights in combinaatio with the domain demarcating keywords..
For the scientists in the labs these developments cause many problems because:..the speed of communication is ahead of the sheer time needed to think
as well as persistent problems or trends. 1 At present, various forms of horizon scanning are quite widespread (Amanatidou et al. 2012),
and where they evolve interdependently in a problem context where policy actions need to be coordinated
Global problems which have already been identified..Unknown unknowns some problems that will occur, but which have not yet been identified.
All definitions have in common that the global challenges need answers and solutions and that they will have a huge impact
if no solutions are found to solve the‘problems 'or find answers for identified trends.
Here the (mega-)trends and the global problems are derived from the‘tensions'described in this approach.
Tensions are worked not out as‘problems, 'but are described as tensions:.between the current methods of production, consumption and the future availability of nonreneewabl resources. between a general and simultaneous process of increasing economic interdependence and differentiation. between spatial proximity in the context of accelerated urbanisation
and global goals can be described as‘large permanent problems'.'Some have been known for a long time, but still remain problematic
and are therefore still challenges. Others are rather new developments. All the problems and challenges identified here are those that can somehow be dealt with by the means human beings have at their disposal.
They are not dealing with sudden events or‘wild cards'(in the sense of Steinmu ller and Steinmu ller 2004;
Steinmu ller 2011) and all of them have been ongoing problems for a long time so at the same time, they are based on trends or megatrends.
of Action for the Sustainable development of Small Island Developing States and 22nd General assembly provisions) Target 15 Deal comprehensively with debt problems of developing countries through national and
A needs-oriented approach and cross-institute problem-solving should open up new contract research markets in a 3 7 year perspective,
and backgrounds in order to solve problems..Perform dedicated technological R&d projects: the projects should be supported by technologies from Fraunhofer
and need to produce results that really offer a solution for a part of the problem..
and to try to contribute to solving the problems. For Fraunhofer, with its strong technology-and at the same time application-orientation, this is rather new.
Which result leads to a maximum impact in solving the problem? A single researcher with one core competence is often not able to have an overview of the spectrum of alternative solutions.
Through the collaborative and transdisciplinary problem-solving approach, an awareness of the sustainability aspects was raised within Fraunhofer.
Moderation of problem-solving: conceptually, the bottom-up generation of the solution approaches should induce collaborative problem-solving
and was organised self by the institutes. But in most cases, one single institute took the lead in the problemsollvin with a certain technological focus and a solution concept.
Other institutes were involved often quite late in the development and formulation of the problem-solving process.
Central moderation of the problem-solving as a kickoff of the application phase is necessary in order to identify solutions with high impact and to foster collaborative aspects.
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011