of Applied sciences, Academy for Creative industries, The netherlands c Chair for Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship, University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Straße 89,14482 Potsdam, Germany d EICT Gmbh
, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany 1. Introduction Both innovation and futures research have been identified as being crucial for the success of companies.
EICT In 2004, the five German founding partners of the European Center for Information and Communication Technologies (EICT) Deutsche telekom AG (DTAG), Daimler AG (DAG), Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
To coordinate and organize the PPP, a German company with limited liability (German: Gmbh) was selected as the legal form for the organization.
7 which is subsidized by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF).(2) Innovation catalysts that aim at supporting existing activities methodological.
in Germany, Journal of Forecasting 22 (2003) 93 111.22 P. Saffo, Six rules for effective forecasting, Harvard Business Review 85 (2007) 122 131.23
2006) or have carried recently out scan-like exercises that were used solely to design foresight programs (Germany
Michael Friedewald is at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovattio Research Competence Center‘New Emerging Technologiees'Breslauer Strasse 48,76139 Karlsruhe, Germany;
Michael Friedewald is head of the business unit for informatiio and communication technologies at the Fraunhofer Instiitut for Systems and Innovation research, Karlsruhe, Germany.
He is currently in charge of a study on ubiquitous computing for the German Federal Parliament
and working on the German National foresight Process. He has coordiinate a project on EPIS and several studies on ambient intelligence for the European commission.
and Australia, Netherlands, Germany and France. The second study aimed to extend the analysis by asking the following questions:
including Japan, Irelaand the UK and Germany. The reverse appears to be happening in Canada, where the Office of the National science Advisor,
Czarnitzki and Fier, 2002 (for Germany; Pointner and Rammer, 2005 (for Austria; Görg and Strobl, 2007 (for Ireland.
Seven of them reffe to European countries (Austria, Germany, Ireland, Spain and Switzerland), six of them apply matching approaches
+for small firms no effect for large firms Czarnitzki and Fier (2002), Germany Public innovation subsidies in German service sector 210 Matched-pairs analysis (nearest
+Almus and Czarnitzki (2003), Germany R&d subsidies to East german firms (1994,1996, 1999) 622 Matched-pairs analysis (calliper matching) R&d intensity:+
Firm founded before 1996-0. 86 French 0. 56 (0. 14)( 0. 10) German N 1317 Adj. Mcfadden-R2 0. 14
It is available in German, French and Italian. 4. The expression‘treatment effect'comes from labour market research,
Bonn, Germany: IZA (Institute for the Study of Labour. Caliendo M. and S Kopeinig 2005.
DIW (German Institute for Econoomi Research. Czarnitzki, D and A Fier 2002. Do innovation subsidies crowd out private investment?
Evidence from the German service sector, ZEW Discussion paper No. 02-04, Mannheim, Germany: ZEW. David, P, B Hall and A Toole 2000.
Technological generatiion diffusion and utilization are at the core of the analysis. Comparing the energy innovation systems of Germany, Sweden and The netherlands,
) Besides manufacturing intermediaries, some local firms imported higher-end intermediaries from countries, such as Japan and Germany,
Boschert, K. and Gill, B. 2005)‘ Germany's agri-biotechnology policy: Precaution for choice and alternatives',Science and Public policy, 32: 285 92.
Giesecke, S. 2000)‘ The contrasting roles of government in the development of biotechnology industry in the US and Germany',Research policy, 29: 205 23.
ETEPS, EPTA Network, Eurasian Virtual Centre, Network TA in Germany, Austria and Switzerland are among the more conventional networks.
Recent experience from Germany'Warnke (2011) Focuses on deliberate design of transformations from viewpoint of post-Foresight phase
Warnke, P. 2011)‘ Implementing systemic RTI priorities Recent experience from Germany, 'Paper presented at the FTA 2011 Conference, held 12 13 may, Seville, Spain.<
Additional contributions came from Japan, France, Germany, China and others. Beyond these institutional and, in some respects, top-down examples of international science cooperation, the vast majority of international linkages have been initiated by individual scientists on an ad hoc basis. 2. 2 Contemporary international science cooperation
Notes 1. The German Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (2010) has developed also exploratory scenarios for the future of the European research landscape in 2025.2.
Meier zu Ko cker, G.,Hein, D. and Chinalski, M. 2008)‘ German Polish network-based R&d co-operation:
and Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Akademiestraße 4 8, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany 2fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Headquarters, Hansastraße 27 C, 80686 Mu nchen, Germany
and was taken up in Germany by popular trend searchers like Horx (2007) who defines them as the:..
The new version of the German‘hightech strategy'1 (Bundesministerium fu r Bildung und Forschung 2010) has defined needs-oriented fields (Bedarfsfelder in German) and key technologies as a frame
they are set in the context of Germany. But it is impossible to think of Germany meanwhile without its global context. the fields of the hightech strategy are:.
climate/energy. health/nutrition. mobility. security. communication Interestingly, there seems to be a considerable level of consensus on the upcoming challenges.
Compared to other publicly funded research organisations in Germany, the share of industry revenues is relatively high and a unique feature of Fraunhofer.
This is the strategy of the German government in science and technology fields, see also<http://www. bmbf. de>accessed 15 july 2011.
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