#Nanowire implants offer remote-controlled drug delivery Abstract: Remote-controlled Eradication of Astrogliosis in Spinal cord Injury via Electromagnetically-induced Dexamethasone Release from"Smart"Nanowireswen Gao and Richard Borgenswe describe a system to deliver drugs to selected tissues continuously,
if required, for weeks. Drugs can be released remotely inside the small animals using pre-implanted,
novel vertically aligned electromagnetically-sensitive Polypyrrole Nanowires (Ppynws). Approximately 1-2mm 2 Dexamethasone (DEX) doped Ppynws was lifted on a single drop of sterile water by surface tension,
We conclude that the administrations of drugs can be controlled locally and non-invasively, opening the door to many other known therapies,
A team of researchers has created a new implantable drug-delivery system using nanowires that can be controlled wirelessly.
which can be used to control the release of a preloaded drug. The system eliminates tubes
"This tool allows us to apply drugs as needed directly to the site of injury, which could have broad medical applications,
but it is our hope that this could one day be used to deliver drugs directly to spinal cord injuries, ulcerations, deep bone injuries or tumors,
"The team tested the drug-delivery system in mice with compression injuries to their spinal cords
The nanowires can be loaded with a drug and, when the correct electromagnetic field is applied, the nanowires release small amounts of the payload.
The magnitude and wave form of the electromagnetic field must be tuned to obtain the optimum release of the drug,
and the precise mechanisms that release the drug are understood not yet well, she said. The team is investigating the release process.
The electromagnetic field is likely affecting the interaction between the nanomaterial and the drug molecules, Borgens said."
and release drugs, "he said.""It is a reversible process. Once the electromagnetic field is removed, the polymer snaps back to the initial architecture
and retains the remaining drug molecules.""For each different drug the team would need to find the corresponding optimal electromagnetic field for its release,
Gao said. This study builds on previous work by Borgens and Gao. Gao first had to figure out how to grow polypyrrole in a long vertical architecture,
which allows it to hold larger amounts of a drug and extends the potential treatment period.
Functional Drug Delivery Using Electromagnetic field-Responsive Polypyrrole Nanowires, "was published in the journal Langmuir. Other team members involved in the research include John Cirillo,
In addition, the concentration of drug maintained during treatment is known not because it is below the limits of systemic detection,
very small dose of a drug to effectively serve as a big dose right where you need it,
"By the time the drug diffuses from the site out into the rest of the body it is in amounts that are undetectable in the usual tests to monitor the concentration of drugs in the bloodstream."
which the drug delivery device will work. The current system appears to be limited to a depth in tissue of less than 3 centimeters,
Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties, but their use has been a cause for concern because they persist in the environment.
Our results demonstrate that the application of green chemistry principles may allow the synthesis of nanoparticles with biodegradable cores that have higher antimicrobial activity and smaller environmental impact than metallic silver nanoparticles.
and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,
greener and safer nanotechnology and could lead to enhanced efficiency of antimicrobial products used in agriculture and personal care.
"People have been interested in using silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes, but there are lingering concerns about their environmental impact due to the long-term effects of the used metal nanoparticles released in the environment,
and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores.""The researchers used the nanoparticles to attack E coli, a bacterium that causes food poisoning;
"We may include less of the antimicrobial ingredient without losing effectiveness while at the same time using an inexpensive technique that has a lower environmental burden.
including increasing the self-cleaning, antibacterial, antifungal, acidic and alkaline resistance. This objective was achieved by creating a homogenous coating made of a nanocomposite of zinc oxide/nitrogen silver (N-Ag/Zno) on the fabrics.
the antimalarial garment can be worn during the day to provide extra protection and does not dissipate like skin-based repellants.
and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,
greener and safer nanotechnology and could lead to enhanced efficiency of antimicrobial products used in agriculture and personal care.
In a study published in Nature Nanotechnology("An environmentally benign antimicrobial nanoparticle based on a silver-infused lignin core),
People have been interested in using silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes, but there are lingering concerns about their environmental impact due to the long-term effects of the used metal nanoparticles released in the environment,
and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores. The researchers used the nanoparticles to attack E coli
We may include less of the antimicrobial ingredient without losing effectiveness while at the same time using an inexpensive technique that has a lower environmental burden.
They initially sought to develop nanoparticles that could be used to deliver drugs to cancer cells. Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT.
But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery, since UV LIGHT can be damaging to tissue and cells,
and approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a food additive, and polylactic acid, a biodegradable plastic used in compostable cups and glassware.
The study also suggests the broader potential for adapting nanoscale drug-delivery techniques developed for use in environmental remediation. hat we can apply some of the highly sophisticated,
#New material opens possibilities for super-long-acting pills (Nanowerk News) Medical devices designed to reside in the stomach have a variety of applications,
including prolonged drug delivery, electronic monitoring, and weight-loss intervention. However, these devices, often created with nondegradable elastic polymers, bear an inherent risk of intestinal obstruction as a result of accidental fracture or migration.
including orally delivered capsules that can release drugs over a number of days, weeks, or potentially months following a single administration.
or extended-release drug-delivery systems that could last for weeks or months after a single administration.
which could release drugs or small devices for monitoring and imaging the GI TRACT, says Edith Mathiowitz,
In particular, the authors say they are excited for the drug-delivery applications of this technology. With further work in adjusting the polymer composition or the design of the system
they say that they could tailor devices to release drugs over a specific timeframe of up to weeks or months at a time.
MIT is negotiating an exclusive license agreement with Lyndra, an early-stage biotechnology company developing novel oral drug-delivery systems, for this and other related technologies.
Im delighted to see these new oral systems provide an opportunity that Ive not seen previously enabling patients to swallow a single pill that can then act for whatever length of time is desired,
Special delivery for the gut"),Traverso and Langer wrote that the GI TRACT is an area rife with opportunity for prolonged drug delivery in tackling this global health problem.
which can be used to create extended-release systems via swallowable pills, they envision an emerging field of orally delivered devices that can maximize adherence and therapeutic efficacy y
Viruses there contaminated a plant where bacteria were used to make drugs for two rare genetic disorders, Gaucher disease and Fabry disease, cutting off supplies.
"That clinical use involves the carbon spheres being coated with polymer-a polymer that can gradually release drugs into the system to fight cancer and other diseases.
the microwave-produced nanoparticles are effective in delivering the drugs where they're needed, and vibrational spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor how the polymers gradually released their payload.
The researchers ran a series of different experiments to check the temperatures required for the drugs to disperse,
"This is a versatile platform to carry a multitude of drugs-for melanoma, for other kinds of cancers and for other diseases,"says Rohit Bhargava."
You can load it with two drugs, or three, or four, so you can do multidrug therapy with the same particles."
which is not only responsible for the high associated with the drug-plus hallucinations, delusions, memory loss, and feelings of anxiety or calm-it also been shown to slow tumour growth in mice.
And now, scientists have figured out that the mechanisms by which the drug delivers its desired medical effects
This new research demonstrates how some of the drug's beneficial effects can be separated from its unwanted side effects."
the researchers figured out that negative psychological side-effects of the drug, such as memory defects, mood swings, anxiety,
and paranoia, were triggered by a single pathway in the brain that was separate from the pathway that triggers the drug cancer-killing properties.
In an effort to better understand the drug ability to cause these negative effects, the team isolated this particular pathway
which suggested that the drug was acting on both at the same time. To figure out what effect this was having,
"For me, the ideal drug would be in one of two scenarios: a drug that does not recognise the THC cannabinoid receptor when near serotonin,
or alternatively a drug you could add with THC that would provide that Chinese wall between the two,
"he told Wired d
#Researchers develop new instrument to monitor atmospheric mercury Researchers at the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine
#Predicting superbugs'countermoves to new drugs New drugs are needed desperately but so are ways to maximize the effective lifespan of these drugs.
To accomplish that Duke university researchers used software they developed to predict a constantly-evolving infectious bacterium's countermoves to one of these new drugs ahead of time before the drug is tested even on patients.
In a study appearing in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the team used their program to identify the genetic changes that will allow methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
or MRSA to develop resistance to a class of new experimental drugs that show promise against the deadly bug.
When the researchers treated live bacteria with the new drug two of the genetic changes actually arose just as their algorithm predicted.
This gives us a window into the future to see what bacteria will do to evade drugs that we design before a drug is deployed said co-author Bruce Donald a professor of computer science and biochemistry at Duke.
Developing preemptive strategies while the drugs are still in the design phase will give scientists a head start on the next line of compounds that will be effective despite the germ's resistance mutations.
If we can somehow predict how bacteria might respond to a particular drug ahead of time we can change the drug
and dividing from one cell to two in less than an hour--drug-resistant bacteria are constantly evolving
Since the first antibacterial drugs were introduced in the 1940s bacteria have evolved ways to resist every new antibiotic that has been developed--a process that has been accelerated by the use of antibiotics in livestock to help them gain weight
and in humans to treat viral infections that antibiotics are powerless to cure. My kids are now 15 and 13
and some of the antibiotics they were given when they were little aren't given anymore
For some antibiotics the first drug-resistant bacterial strains don't appear for decades after the drug is introduced
Until now scientists trying to predict the genetic changes that would enable a bacterium to evade a particular drug have had to look up possible mutations from libraries of resistance mutations that have been observed previously.
But this approach falls short when it comes to anticipating how bacteria will adapt to new drugs where the microbes can't be counted on to change in repeatable predictable ways Donald said.
With a new drug there is always the possibility that the organism will develop different mutations that had never been seen before.
and Amy Anderson at the University of Connecticut used a protein design algorithm they developed called OSPREY to identify DNA sequence changes in the bacteria that would enable the resulting protein to block the drug from binding
The team focused on a new class of experimental drugs that work by binding and inhibiting a bacterial enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
The drugs called propargyl-linked antifolates show promise as a treatment for MRSA infections but have yet to be tested in humans.
When the scientists treated MRSA with the new drugs and sequenced the bacteria that survived more than half of the surviving colonies carried the predicted mutation that conferred the greatest resistance--a tiny change that reduced the drugs'effectiveness by 58-fold.
The researchers are now using their algorithm to predict resistance mutations to other drugs designed to combat pathogens like E coli and Enterococcus.
We might even be able to coax a pathogen into developing mutations that enable it to evade one drug
but that then make it particularly susceptible to a second drug like a one-two punch.
Their computational approach could be especially useful for forecasting drug resistance mutations in other diseases such as cancer HIV
Professor Mahiran said in pharmaceuticals an innovation has produced successfully a drugs delivery method to penetrate the'blood brain barrier'especially for diseases that are associated with the brain such as Alzheimer Parkinson epilepsy and meningitis.
Drugs are normally hard to make reach beyond the'blood brain barrier'.'Thus we created drugs through nanotechnology
and that way we hope they are more effective she said. She added the innovation has been tested on animals
--and can perhaps be used to target unsavory antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial pathogens and occasionally in beneficial bacteria.'
It may also help identify rare mutations and subtypes of infectious diseases as well as drug-resistant strains.
and carry payloads of pharmaceutical drugs to targeted tissues. However, when usual methods to produce carbon nanoparticles are rather complex
They used spectroscopy to confirm the formulation as well as visualize the delivery of the particles and drug molecules.
The experiment showed that the carbon nanoparticles did not release the drug payload at room temperature
They began to release the anticancer drug only at body temperature. Scientists also found that they can alter the infusion of the particles into melanoma cells by adjusting the polymer coatings.
Study showed that cancer cells were affected positively by drugs delivered by these carbon nanoparticles. These carbon nanoparticles,
They can be used to carry a variety of different drugs into a human body. It is a very versatile platform to treat melanoma, other kinds of cancers and other diseases.
as well as to make it carry several different drugs at the same time to allow for a multidrug therapy with the same particles.
and tune them to release the drugs in the presence of the cellular environment. This is a great achievement,
which will eventually lead to innovative drug therapies for cancer and other diseases i
#Actuators that mimic ice plants Engineers developing moveable robot components may soon take advantage of a trick plants use.
the antimalarial garment can be worn during the day to provide extra protection and does not dissipate like skin-based repellants.
and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,
greener and safer nanotechnology and could lead to enhanced efficiency of antimicrobial products used in agriculture and personal care.
limiting the risk to the environment. eople have been interested in using silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes, but there are lingering concerns about their environmental impact due to the long-term effects of the used metal nanoparticles released in the environment,
INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the paper corresponding author. e show here an inexpensive and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores. he researchers used the nanoparticles
Richter said. e may include less of the antimicrobial ingredient without losing effectiveness while at the same time using an inexpensive technique that has a lower environmental burden.
#New material opens possibilities for super-long-acting pills Medical devices designed to reside in the stomach have a variety of applications,
including prolonged drug delivery, electronic monitoring, and weight-loss intervention. However, these devices, often created with nondegradable elastic polymers, bear an inherent risk of intestinal obstruction as a result of accidental fracture or migration.
including orally delivered capsules that can release drugs over a number of days, weeks, or potentially months following a single administration.
or extended-release drug-delivery systems that could last for weeks or months after a single administration. his delivery system provides a flexible and smooth external covering that slowly disintegrates,
which could release drugs or small devices for monitoring and imaging the GI TRACT, says Edith Mathiowitz,
In particular, the authors say they are excited for the drug-delivery applications of this technology. With further work in adjusting the polymer composition or the design of the system
they say that they could tailor devices to release drugs over a specific timeframe of up to weeks or months at a time.
MIT is negotiating an exclusive license agreement with Lyndra, an early-stage biotechnology company developing novel oral drug-delivery systems,
Ie not seen previously enabling patients to swallow a single pill that can then act for whatever length of time is desired,
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