the team also applied UV LIGHT to disinfect some of the water as it passed through the system.
The group discovered a few wavelengths of light that allow measuring the specific fluorescence signal from photosynthesis. The team's fluorescence measurement system can record radiation at high resolution with a frequency of 5 minutes,
the researchers etched micrometer scale pillars into a silicon surface using photolithography and deep reactive-ion etching,
#New, Ultrathin Optical devices Shape Light in Exotic Ways Researchers have developed innovative flat, optical lenses as part of a collaboration between NASA Jet propulsion laboratory and the California Institute of technology, both in Pasadena, California.
These optical components are capable of manipulating light in ways that are difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional optical devices.
Manipulating the polarization of light is essential for the operation of advanced microscopes, cameras and displays;
or less than a hundredth of the thickness of a human hair. dditionally, the new, flat lenses can be used to modify the shape of light beams at will.
Semiconductor lasers typically emit into elliptical beams that are really hard to work with and the new metasurface optical components could replace expensive optical systems used to circularize the beams.
The researchers fabricated the acoustic cell sorter in Penn State Nanofabrication Laboratory using standard lithography techniques. ust like using a lens to focus light,
designed to hold a camera, LED light, an integrated circuit for receiving control instructions and transmitting data, antenna, 1. 5v button battery and, at the rear, the drive unit, to
and mobile phones, Gan has efficient light emission capability, something silicon cannot duplicate. But silicon remains the defacto material of choice semidconductors
The ability to mold inorganic nanoparticles out of materials such as gold and silver in precisely designed 3d shapes is a significant breakthrough that has the potential to advance laser technology microscopy solar cells electronics environmental testing disease
#Laser scientists create portable sensor for nitrous oxide, methane Rice university scientists have created a highly sensitive portable sensor to test the air for the most damaging greenhouse gases.
and laser pioneer Frank Tittel and his group uses a thumbnail-sized quantum cascade laser (QCL) as well as tuning forks that cost no more than a dime to detect very small amounts of nitrous oxide and methane.
That allows for far better detection of gases than more common lasers that operate in the near-infrared.
The technique called quartz-enhanced photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy (QEPAS invented at Rice by Tittel, Professor Robert Curl and their collaborators in 2002,
and is far better able to detect trace amounts of gas than lasers used in the past.
"The laser beam is focused between the two prongs of the quartz tuning fork. When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest,
localized heating of the molecules leads to a temperature and pressure increase in the gas."
"If the incident light intensity is modulated, then the temperature and pressure will be said as well, "Ren.""This generates an acoustic wave with the same frequency as the light modulation,
Co-authors include Rice graduate student Wenzhe Jiang and former Rice Laser Science Group members Przemystaw Stefanski, Rafat Lewicki, Jiawei Zhang and Jan Tarka.
using ultraviolet light. The end result is safe drinking water that also tastes good. Earlier this year, Wright team won a grant from the United states Agency for International Development (USAID),
and detecting the difference between how the molecules absorb the light. But the distinguishing effects are weak tiny fractions of a per cent so the technique struggles to approach the sensitivity of the human nose.
Mass-Selected Photoelectron Circular Dichroism (MS-PECD) uses circularly polarised light produced by a laser to ionise the molecules using a couple of photons to knock an electron out of the chiral molecule to leave a positively charged ion behind.
either forwards or backwards along the laser beam it is possible to distinguish between left and right handed molecules with an accuracy of up to several tens of per cent rather than a fraction of a per cent.
#Nanoparticles and UV LIGHT Clean up Environmental Pollutants A new study from MIT shows how nanoparticles can clean up environmental pollutants,
and UV LIGHT can rapchemicals for easy removal from soil and water. Many human-made pollutants in the environment resist degradation through natural processes,
and ultraviolet (UV LIGHT to quickly isolate and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water.
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
since UV LIGHT can be damaging to tissue and cells, and doesn penetrate through the skin.
When they learned that UV LIGHT was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
if they are already using UV LIGHT, maybe they could use our particles as well, Brandl says. hen we came up with the idea to use our particles to remove toxic chemicals, pollutants,
because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
But when exposed to UV LIGHT, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed, and now nrichedby the pollutants they form larger aggregates that can then be removed through filtration, sedimentation,
Instead of using lasers or cameras and algorithms or satellite GPS, this is guided by a cable that emits a electromagnetic signal.
It s a matter of having the right temperature, right moisture levels and not too much light.
The accessories in question range from sensors, to lights, to thermostats, to smart outlets and come from a group of accessory-makers with a trusted reputation in the connected home industry.
This Homekit version lets users control lights in specific areas, as well as check with Siri to see
if lights are either on or off in specific areas of the house you might not be able to see at any given moment.
you can control specific rooms or groups of lights separately, or turn everything off with voice commands.
and germination patterns are influenced by green light and that light frequency also influences the biomass of certain plants as well as their nutritional content.
For example higher levels of red light increases tomato yield and the Vitamin c content of mustard spinach and green onions.
Green light also contributes to the plant growth and development say Singh and co. Exactly how light of various frequencies influences plant growth biomass and nutritional content is understood not well.
Which is why plant scientists all over the world are currently studying this phenomenon in an effort to exploit it in future.
The light is projected through each well and collected by 96 plastic optical fibers. A custom-designed smartphone app then reads the resulting images
After the light is projected through each well, 96 individual plastic optical fibers in the attachment collect a multitude of images.
or manipulate light for telecommunications applications, or design novel catalysts for speeding up a variety of chemical reactions,"Gang said.
Microscopic, hairlike structures, called cilia, on the squid's light organ select and capture the bacteria from a very complex microbial soup of the ocean."
the bioluminescent bacteria allow the squid to produce light, which then allows the squid to escape from things that might want to eat it,
and UV LIGHT to Isolate, Extract Contaminants In a new paper published this week in Nature Communications,
and ultraviolet (UV LIGHT to quickly isolate and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water.
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
since UV LIGHT can be damaging to tissue and cells, and doesn penetrate through the skin.
When they learned that UV LIGHT was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
if they are already using UV LIGHT, maybe they could use our particles as well, Brandl says. hen we came up with the idea to use our particles to remove toxic chemicals, pollutants,
because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
But when exposed to UV LIGHT, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed, and now nrichedby the pollutants they form larger aggregates that can then be removed through filtration, sedimentation,
mount and laser diode in a 3d-printed case, can image and size DNA molecules 50,000 times thinner than a human hair.
-and Nanophotonics Laboratory at UCLA Electrical engineering and Bioengineering Departments, said. To scan the DNA researchers developed a computational interface
The research, ield-Portable Smartphone Microscopy Platform for Wide-field Imaging and Sizing of Single DNA Molecules, was presented at the Optical Society Conference on Laser and Electro optics (CLEO) 2015 h
The impulses stimulate the retina remaining cells, resulting in the corresponding perception of patterns of light in the brain.
and to block light, heat or cold. These (as you may have guessed) are quite effective, which has slowed the adoption of relatively expensive and seemingly unnecessary electronically controlled window tinting.
and fully altering the color temperature of transmitted light. They can be integrated easily into new windows
but still allow 90 percent (or more) of the available light in. Or, a setting change could dim the entering light
or change the color of the light along a spectrum from cooler blue to warmer yellow The image to the above right shows the different potential states the window tiles could operate In this is a mock-up based on the results from the single device.
The video below is an exciting presentation from the researchers on where they see this technology ending up.
The interaction of incoming light with each electrophoretic pixel (two electrodes) depends on the position of the particles relative to these electrodes,
and the light can be scattered (white state), or not (dark-state), or somewhere in-between (grey scale).
E-ink devices are fabricated normally using photolithography which is the same technology used to pattern microchips
and exposed it to ultraviolet light, which is found in the sun rays and breaks down many materials.
or other microorganisms that respond to light, or creates molecules to do so, and put them into nerve cells to transform them
by inserting the right molecules and shining light at them. The light wakes up the right proteins, allowing messages to flow through and then bringing out the same behaviour in cells around them n
A tiny microscope enlarges the contents of a few drops of semen inside a pipette, lit by a backlight.
The light beams the moving image to the ipad camera, and algorithms then analyze the sample for total sperm count and motility,
#Four Tech Breakthroughs at the Cutting edge of Light During these dark winter months, spare a thought for artificial lights.
From strings of lights adding holiday cheer to artificial sunlamps alleviating seasonal affective disorder, they brighten our days.
The United nations designated 2015 as the International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies to raise awareness of how photonic technologies offer solutions to international challenges.
Light technology is now an active area of research in energy, health and agriculture. First lighting the way In the late 1800s
long-lasting light source that significantly changed our work, play and sleep habits. The ability to control light in new ways transformed how we experience
and see the world. Light-based technologies such as optical fiber networks allow us to connect rapidly with people worldwide over the internet.
which received Lux Awards 2014 Light source Innovation of the Year, can fill a room ceiling mimicking sunlight from different latitudes, from the equator to Northern europe.
The key to its success in replicating a sunny sky uses nanostructured materials to scatter light from LEDS in the same way tiny particles scatter sunlight in the atmosphere so-called Rayleigh scattering.
the missing color for producing white light was blue. Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura cracked the blue conundrum in the early 1990s.
Now, thanks to their work, white light LEDS are ubiquitous. In recognition of this energy saving invention, they received the Nobel prize in Physics last year.
Light was recognized also in the Nobel prize category of Chemistry last year for light-based microscopy tools that use a few tricks to sense the presence of a single molecule.
Microscopy had been limited by diffraction, where two adjacent objects can only be resolved if they are separated by more than half the wavelength of light used for imaging.
But Nobel laureates Eric Betzig Stefan Hell and W. E. Moerner all took different approaches using similar principles to get beyond the diffraction barrier
in order to control the fluorescence of individual molecules to view them in high detail. By turning the light emitted from the molecules on or off,
the scientists could reconstruct the location of the molecules at the nanometer scale. Here how it works:
a fraction of fluorescent molecules or proteins is excited first by a weak light pulse. Then after their emission fades, another subgroup of fluorescent molecules are excited.
Investors must see the light Light is a unifying science across fields like chemistry and physics
But learning how to manipulate light is costly and takes time. Technologies are built largely on investments in basic science research as well as, of course, serendipity and circumstantial opportunities.
In my own work as a chemistry researcher, my group invented a laser the size of a virus particle,
These tiny lasers are promising light sources that can be used to send and receive data with high bandwidths as well as to detect trace molecules or bio-agents.
Construction of our nanolaser required precise control over the shape and location of the adjacent gold nanoparticles.
The UN designation of this International Year of Light will spotlight the potentials of these kinds of innovations
From new ways to shake off those winter blues to manipulating light in small spaces, the trajectory for artificial light is bright indeed n
#Greased Lightning! NASA Drone Advances Unmanned Craft A huge, 10-engine drone dubbed"Greased Lightning"successfully completed a series of flight tests recently,
"Raman and infrared spectroscopy are the two tools that one uses to see molecular structure, "Bhargava said."
We use spectroscopy to confirm the formulation as well as visualize the delivery of the particles and drug molecules."
"We can make them glow at a certain wavelength and also we can tune them to release the drugs in the presence of the cellular environment.
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015a new way to image surfaces on the nanoscale:
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015stanford engineers find a simple yet clever way to boost chip speeds:
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015stanford engineers find a simple yet clever way to boost chip speeds:
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015stanford engineers find a simple yet clever way to boost chip speeds:
2015news and information Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
2015discoveries Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
2015announcements Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
In graphene, infrared light launches ripples through the electrons at the surface of this metallike material called surface plasmon polaritons that the researchers were able to control using a simple electrical circuit.
Infrared light can also launch polaritons within a different type of two-dimensional crystal called hexagonal boron nitride.
a device made of hbn would confine phonon polaritons to a single narrow range of wavelengths and amplitudes.
As a result, this human-made material manipulates electromagnetic radiation-light-in ways never observed in natural materials.
2015imaging Robust new process forms 3-D shapes from flat sheets of graphene June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
2015robust new process forms 3-D shapes from flat sheets of graphene June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
Leti Experts also Will Speak at Techxpot Session on MEMS and STS Session on Lithography Cost-and-Productivity Issues Below 14nm June 22nd, 2015fabricating inexpensive, high-temp SQUIDS for future
4-D printing to advance chemistry, materials sciences and defense capabilities June 18th, 2015discoveries Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together
Columbia engineers and colleagues create bright, visible light emission from one-atom thick carbon June 15th, 2015research partnerships Lancaster University revolutionary quantum technology research receives funding boost June 22nd, 2015fabricating inexpensive, high-temp SQUIDS for future electronic devices June 22nd,
They showed how a single nanoresonator can manipulate light to cast a very large"reflection."
"Making an object look 10,000 times larger than its physical size has lots of implications in technologies related to light,
Much like sound, light can resonate, amplifying itself as the surrounding environment manipulates the physical properties of its wave energy.
which the wavelength of light is much larger than in a vacuum, which allows light waves to resonate more powerfully.
The device condenses light to a size smaller than its wavelength meaning it can gather a lot of light energy,
and then scatters the light over a very large area, harnessing its output for imaging applications that make microscopic particles appear huge."
"We are developing photodetectors based on this technology and, for example, it could be helpful for photographers wanting to shoot better quality pictures in weak light conditions,
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
"This research opens up a new way to manipulate the flow of light, and could enable new technologies in light sensing and solar energy conversion,
issue of Physical Review Letters("Strong Asymmetric Charge Carrier Dependence in Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene Phonons").
The technique, called inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, elicits only a small blip that can be hard to pick out over more raucous disturbances."
using ultraviolet light. The end result is safe drinking water that also tastes good. Earlier this year, Wrights team won a grant from the United states Agency for International Development (USAID),
The movement of electrons caused by friction was able to generate enough energy to power the lights
They showed how a single nanoresonator can manipulate light to cast a very large"reflection."
"Making an object look 10,000 times larger than its physical size has lots of implications in technologies related to light,
Much like sound, light can resonate, amplifying itself as the surrounding environment manipulates the physical properties of its wave energy.
which the wavelength of light is much larger than in a vacuum, which allows light waves to resonate more powerfully.
The device condenses light to a size smaller than its wavelength meaning it can gather a lot of light energy,
and then scatters the light over a very large area, harnessing its output for imaging applications that make microscopic particles appear huge."
"We are developing photodetectors based on this technology and, for example, it could be helpful for photographers wanting to shoot better quality pictures in weak light conditions,
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
"This research opens up a new way to manipulate the flow of light, and could enable new technologies in light sensing and solar energy conversion,
and ultraviolet (UV LIGHT to quickly isolate and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water.
Nanoparticles that lose their stability upon irradiation with light have been designed to extract endocrine disruptors, pesticides,
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
since UV LIGHT can be damaging to tissue and cells, and doesn penetrate through the skin.
When they learned that UV LIGHT was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
if they are already using UV LIGHT, maybe they could use our particles as well, Brandl says. hen we came up with the idea to use our particles to remove toxic chemicals, pollutants,
because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. A trap for ater-fearingpollution The researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
But when exposed to UV LIGHT, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed, and now nrichedby the pollutants they form larger aggregates that can then be removed through filtration, sedimentation,
reportedly harvests the electromagnetic radiation transferring to and from mobile phones and converts it into direct current (DC) electrical energy,
#Living lasers made by injecting oil droplets into human cells Light fantastic (Image: Matja Humar and Seok Hyun Yun) Individual cells have been turned into tiny lasers. t actually super-easy,
says Matja Humar of Harvard Medical school. The feat allows cells to be labelled and monitored more accurately,
Humar and his colleagues developed three ways to get cells to emit visible light. The first involved injecting each one with a tiny oil droplet,
forming an optical cavity which could be filled with fluorescent dye. Shining a light pulse on to the cavity excited the dye atoms into emitting light in a tightly focused beam.
They also scattered polystyrene beads 10 micrometres wide into a Petri dish filled with macrophages a type of white blood cell that ingests foreign material.
they performed the same function as the oil droplets, emitting laser light when excited. The final way involved exploiting the fatty droplets that exist naturally within living cells. e all have these fat cells inside our tissue.
We are made all of lasers, says Humar. The first two approaches were tested on human cells, the last on pig cells.
but this produces a relatively broad range of wavelengths, making it difficult to distinguish between differently tagged cells.
However laser light is characterised by having an extremely narrow range of wavelengths. That means it is theoretically possible,
to give every single cell in the human body a unique, identifiable laser signature, Humar says.
which focuses exclusively on the macrophage route to converting cells into lasers, goes further in laying out its potential applications.
#Boron Turns Graphene into Blue light Emitter FRANKFURT, Germany, July 14, 2015 Chemists at Goethe University Frankfurt have developed a new class of organic luminescent materials through the targeted introduction of boron
Funded through a National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation grant, the new highly sensitive, laser-based instrument provides scientists with a method to more accurately measure global human exposure to mercury.
The measurement approach is called sequential two-photon laser induced fluorescence (2p-LIF) and uses two different laser beams to excite mercury atoms
and monitor blue shifted atomic fluorescence. UM Rosenstiel School Professor of Atmospheric Sciences Anthony Hynes and colleagues tested the new mobile instrument
titled"Deployment of a sequential two-photon laser-induced fluorescence sensor for the detection of gaseous elemental mercury at ambient levels:
#New laser for computer chips: International team of scientists constructs first germanium-tin semiconductor laser for silicon chips The transfer of data between multiple cores as well as between logic elements and memory cells is regarded as a bottleneck in the fast-developing computer technology.
Data transmission via light could be the answer to the call for a faster and more energy efficient data flow on computer chips as well as between different board components.
Signal transmission via copper wires limits the development of larger and faster computers due to the thermal load and the limited bandwidth of copper wires.
Through optical fibres signal propagation is almost lossless and possible across various wavelengths simultaneously: a speed advantage
However in spite of intensive research a laser source that is compatible with the manufacturing of chips is not yet achievable according to the head of Semiconductor Nanoelectronics (PGI-9). The basis of chip manufacturing is silicon an element of main group IV of the periodic table.
Typical semiconductor lasers for telecommunication systems made of gallium arsenide for example however are costly and consist of elements from main groups III
Such laser components cannot therefore be applied directly onto silicon. They have to be produced externally at great effort
Neither element is very efficient as a light source however. They are classed among the indirect semiconductors.
In contrast to direct semiconductors they emit mostly heat and only a little light when excited.
and thus make it a usable laser source. The scientists at Julich's Peter Grunberg Institute have succeeded now for the first time in creating a real direct main group IV semiconductor laser by combining germanium and tin
which is classed also in main group IV. The high tin content is decisive for the optical properties.
The functioning of the laser is limited so far to low temperatures of up to minus 183 degrees Celsius however.
Siegfried Mantl's group at PGI-9 Stephan Wirths applied the laser directly onto a silicon wafer
Phd student Richard Geiger fabricated the laser structures there. That way we were able to demonstrate that the germanium-tin compound can amplify optical signals as well as generate laser light reports Dr. Hans Sigg from the Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology.
The laser was excited optically for the demonstration. Currently the scientists in Dr. Dan Buca's group at Julich are working on linking optics and electronics even more closely.
The next big step forward will be generating laser light with electricity instead and without the need for cooling if possible.
The aim is to create an electrically pumped laser that functions at room temperature. The laser beam is not visible to the naked eye.
Gesn absorbs and emits light in a wavelength range of about 3 micrometres. Many carbon compounds such as greenhouse gases
or biomolecules also display strong absorption lines at this boundary between near and mid-wavelength infrared.
Hence sensors made of Gesn promise a new possibility of detecting these compounds. Along with computer chips completely new applications that have not been pursued so far for financial reasons may
thus benefit from the new laser material. Gas sensors or implantable chips for medical applications which can gather information about blood sugar levels
or other parameters via spectroscopic analysis are examples. In the future cost-effective portable sensor technology--which may be integrated into a smart phone--could supply real-time data on the distribution of substances in the air
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