because they are synthesized by adding the tin alkoxide precursor into boiling water followed by heat treatment Pol said.
This is very straightforward rapid'cooking'of a metal-organic precursor in boiling water. The precursor compound is a solid tin alkoxide a material analogous to cost-efficient and broadly available titanium alkoxides.
Peidong Yang Bin Liu and colleagues note that harnessing sunlight to split water and harvest hydrogen is one of the most intriguing ways to achieve clean energy.
which only emit water when driven. But making hydrogen which mostly comes from natural gas requires electricity from conventional carbon dioxide-emitting power plants.
Producing hydrogen at low cost from water using the clean energy from the sun would make this form of energy
when immersed in water and exposed to sunlight produces hydrogen gas. The scientists say that the technique could allow their technology to be scaled up at low cost.
because burning hydrogen fuel emits only water vapor.""Many researchers are looking to inorganic materials for new sources of energy,
They also know that water can be split into oxygen and hydrogen by combining these proteins with titanium dioxide
This protein concentration is similar to one drop of milk dissolved in a hundred tons of water.
If graphene oxide device has water in it and it is heated up the water can actually burn the graphene oxide and produce carbon dioxide.
It's a pitfall that could be important to understand in the development of long-lasting solar cells where sun could provide risky heat into the equation.
The metal nanoparticle-decorated polymer nanocapsules exhibit the following properties in water: high stability for up to 6 months;
which has high stability in environmentally preferable solvents such as water.""The research results demonstrated that this new technology shows high stability, dispersibility, catalytic activity,
and reusability in water, which other existing metal nanoparticles on solid supports have not been able to do,
the micromotors removed up to 90 percent of the carbon dioxide from a solution of deionized water.
like a water decarbonation plant, said Kevin Kaufmann, an undergraduate researcher and a co-author of the study.
The motors are six-micrometer-long tubes with an outer polymer surface that holds a chemical enzyme carbonic anhydrase designed to speed up the reaction between carbon dioxide and water and form bicarbonate.
generating oxygen bubbles that propel the motors through the water. However, scientists are currently exploring ways to cut back on the two to four percent of hydrogen peroxide used as they focus on alternatives to use water itself to fuel the motors.
Going Blue: Ocean Landscapes Need Protectiononce the moters complete their mission, they can be recovered from the water
and reused for future applications. f the micromotors can use the environment as fuel, they will be more scalable, environmentally friendly and less expensive, Kevin Kaufmann,
like a water decarbonation plant. via University of California, San Dieg l
#Tiny ant takes on pesticide industry Few people like antshey bite and overrun kitchen counters.
Tests also showed that a substantial amount of the Yale team sunscreen remained on the skin surface for hours, even after exposure to water.
The biofuel is produced from draff the sugar rich kernels of barley soaked in water to facilitate the fermentation process necessary for whisky production and pot ale,
The biofuel is produced from draff the sugar rich kernels of barley soaked in water to facilitate the fermentation process necessary for whisky production and pot ale,
but the amount of water (the structure of the honeycomb) influences the exact frequency. All those voices can
Their innovative Hydrelio Floating PV system allows standard PV panels to be installed on large bodies of water such as:
This simple and affordable alternative to ground-mounted systems is particularly suitable for water-intensive industries who cannot afford to waste either land or water.
and to extract chemicals or dye molecules out of water. Membranes with these particles attached could be used in devices to detect water contamination
or in filters to remove chemicals or dyes from industrial waste. However, to be effective and safe,
and into the water. range of state-of-the-art facilities on campus was used by the researchers. The Cornell Center for Materials Research (funded through the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science
so it won degrade from being exposed to air and water, Frey said, explaining that this keeps the chemical where it needs to be
If the hydrogen can be sourced from natural gas, instead of from the electrolysis of water, the airfare tickets of a hypersonic trip could drop to about half the price of a business-class ticket.
Now, researchers from MIT and the Federal University of Goias in Brazil have developed a new technique that uses ultraviolet (UV LIGHT to extract man-made pollutants from soil and water.
Knowing that UV radiation is used for removing bacteria from water, they developed the idea of using their discovery for water purification.
hydrophilic (water-loving) shell and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) spherical core. he polymers are synthetized to ensure that
the water-loving part is separated from the water-fearing part. When this happens on a nanoparticle,
and therefore clump together to minimize contacts with water, Bertrand explained. From there, these larger aggregates can easily be retrieved through filtration or sedimentation,
with more than 95 percent of the nanoparticles removed from the water. When the nanoparticle loses its protective layer,
polymers are released into the water. While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,
Bertrand nanoparticlesstill, even with the small amount of material released into the water Bertrand nanoparticles have compared benefits with current purification processes.
other processes, such as activated carbon extraction, require great energy to push large quantities of water through filters. n our technology,
By filtering water through paper embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles, 99.9 percent water purity is achievable.
She calls it he Drinkable Book. Silver nanoparticles eliminate a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and some viruses
which is put in a special holding device that water is filtered then through. One page can filter 26 gallons of drinking water;
one book can filter a person water needs for four years. Dankovich presented her technology
For example, if we need to use it to purify huge quantities of water the researchers said.
Nanoengineers at the University of California, San diego, have designed enzyme-functionalized micromotors that rapidly zoom around in water,
In their experiments, nanoengineers demonstrated that the micromotors rapidly decarbonated water solutions that were saturated with carbon dioxide.
Within five minutes, the micromotors removed 90 percent of the carbon dioxide from a solution of deionized water.
like a water decarbonation plant,"said Kevin Kaufmann, an undergraduate researcher in Wang's lab and a co-author of the study.
which speeds up the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate. Calcium chloride which is added to the water solutions,
helps convert bicarbonate to calcium carbonate. The fast and continuous motion of the micromotors in solution makes the micromotors extremely efficient at removing carbon dioxide from water,
said researchers. The team explained that the micromotors'autonomous movement induces efficient solution mixing, leading to faster carbon dioxide conversion.
To fuel the micromotors in water, researchers added hydrogen peroxide, which reacts with the inner platinum surface of the micromotors to generate a stream of oxygen gas bubbles that propel the micromotors around.
When released in water solutions containing as little as two to four percent hydrogen peroxide the micromotors reached speeds of more than 100 micrometers per second.
As a next step, researchers are planning to make carbon-capturing micromotors that can be propelled by water."
MECC uses the natural conductivity of saline wastewater to facilitate an electrochemical reaction that is designed to absorb CO2 from both the water and the air.
added Jarolimkova. emoving water and storing the produce as powder will allow for maximum utilization of space during transport and storage as well as significantly prolonged shelf life.
#New Material Made From 1 Billion Tiny Magnets Changes States Like Water Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) announced they have created a synthetic material with magnetic properties
just as water changes from solid ice to liquid or steam with temperature change. Constructed from 1 billion tiny magnets,
A similar process can be observed in water molecules as water freezes into ice. Laura Heyderman
and cools itself by pumping water through its veins like a plant. Aside from its aesthetically-pleasing design, the Solar Sunflower also makes use of some innovative technology.
It uses something called HCPVT (Highly Efficient Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal) to generate electricity and hot water from solar power.
To counteract this, the Sunflower makes use of a hot water cooling system invented by the project's IBM collaborators.
rather than piping all that scorching-hot water through a radiator to dissipate the heat
(and thus waste it), the team instead uses that hot water as a power source itself,
Water from the blood is the catalysis that sets it fizzing. f you can get the particles in the general area of the wound,
researchers from North carolina State university and the University of North carolina-Chapel hill show that magnetic nanoparticles encased in oily liquid shells can bind together in water,
much like sand particles mixed with the right amount of water can form sandcastles.""Because oil and water don't mix,
the oil wets the particles and creates capillary bridges between them so that the particles stick together on contact,
and the challenges that must be overcome to mak September 8th, 2015rice researchers demo solar water-splitting technology:
#Desalination with nanoporous graphene membrane Less than 1 percent of Earth's water is drinkable. Removing salt and other minerals from our biggest available source of water--seawater--may help satisfy a growing global population thirsty for fresh water for drinking, farming, transportation, heating, cooling and industry.
But desalination is an energy-intensive process, which concerns those wanting to expand its application.
The results are published in the March 23 advance online issue of Nature Nanotechnology("Water Desalination Using Nanoporous Single-layer graphene"."
""Our work is a proof of principle that demonstrates how you can desalinate saltwater using freestanding,
"Current methods for purifying water include distillation and reverse osmosis. Distillation, or heating a mixture to extract volatile components that condense,
Without these holes, water cannot travel from one side of the membrane to the other.
The water molecules are simply too big to fit through graphene's fine mesh. But poke holes in the mesh that are just the right size
and water molecules can penetrate. Salt ions, in contrast, are larger than water molecules and cannot cross the membrane.
The porous membrane allows osmosis, or passage of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane into a solution in which the solvent is concentrated more."
"If you have saltwater on one side of a porous membrane and freshwater on the other,
and you push the water from the saltwater side to the freshwater side--that's the reverse osmosis process,
It takes significant pressure to push water from the saltwater side to the freshwater side."
so separated water would drive faster through the membrane under the same conditions, the scientists reasoned."
The prepared membrane separated two water solutions--salty water on one side, fresh on the other.
while water flowed through it from one chamber to the other. The membrane allowed rapid transport of water through the membrane and rejected nearly 100 percent of the salt ions, e g.,
, positively charged sodium atoms and negatively charged chloride atoms. To figure out the best pore size for desalination,
To achieve this, the researchers reacted glycerol with water, to provide the element hydrogen, and a magnesium oxide (Mgo) catalyst.
and water over such a simple catalyst gave such valuable products and interesting chemistry.""This research has the potential to transform the way in
even after exposure to water. When wiped repeatedly with a towel, the new sunblock was removed entirely.
and their electrons like a ship through water, producing a wake of oscillating electrons. This electron wave creates a trailing wave-shaped electric field structure on which the electrons surf and by
#MIT Invention Turns Salt water Into Drinking water Using Solar power From plants to people, every living thing on this planet needs water.
Just look at the furor around California's new water restrictions. If a state as wealthy as California is having to get creative
in order to start saving water, you can bet that governments and municipalities with less money and clout are having to turn to even more inventive methods to get clean water without breaking the bank.
The idea was to create a system that could remove salt from water and meet three criteria:
The batteries then power a system that removes salt from the water through electrodialysis. On the most basic level, that means that dissolved salt particles,
are drawn out of the water when a small electrical current is applied. In addition to getting rid of salt
(which makes water unusable for crops and for drinking), the team also applied UV LIGHT to disinfect some of the water as it passed through the system.
Using the sun instead of fossil fuels to power a desalination plant isn't a totally new idea.
Larger solar desalination plants are being investigated seriously in areas where water is becoming a scarce resource,
While proponents hope to eventually could provide water to large numbers of people, the technology is still expensive (though prices are dropping)
The MIT/Jain team and their competitors tested their projects at the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility in New Mexico,
removing salt from 2, 100 gallons of water each day. The next step is to test it in an even harsher environment,
the system could provide enough water to irrigate a small farm m
#Putting Sensors In Bridges And Tunnels Could Make Their Walls Talk Trying to get a building to tell you how it feeling is,
Vinduino As California fourth straight year of drought forces farmers to cut back on water use,
And while the Internet of things has brought a number of water-conscious smart irrigation products into the agricultural market,
Vinduino is Reinier van der Lee open-source solution to the challenge of cutting back on water use by 25 percent a voluntary measure that, for Van der Lee Vineyard
water pressure sensors and data loggers for controlling and monitoring the vineyard irrigation system. In prototype stage is networked a,
Vinduino uses three sensors at different depths to get a better handle on the way water moves through the soil at each measurement point.
#This new technology converts sea water into drinking water in minutes Purifying dirty water is a notoriously difficult and expensive process-even in California, financial pressures affect
which is why a newly invented and ultra-cheap water cleaning process is looking so promising.
and their work has now been published in the journal Water Science and Technology.""The technology implemented in the study is much better than reverse osmosis,
a professor of water contamination at Egypt National Research Centre, told Scidev. net.""It can effectively desalinate water with high concentration of salt like that of the Red sea, where desalination costs more and yields less."
"Unfortunately for those who are waiting for this type of technology, a lot of work is required before it can be put into action:
What's certain is that a new procedure like this could have a huge impact on the lives of millions of people-according to Water. org,
Just like water has a gaseous, liquid, and solid state, this magnet material displays physical phase transitions when gradually cooled right down to almost freezing."
and the magnetic arrangement appeared to undergo another change-it was frozen almost, just like water.
This new'thirsty'concrete absorbs 4, 000 litres of water in 60 seconds During the first few weeks of August 2007,
more than two-thirds was caused by water running off pavements or overflowing from drainage systems. So what's the solution?
We need to prevent all that water from accumulating on the surface of our roads and footpaths,
a new type of porous concrete that can absorb up to 4, 000 litres of water in the first 60 seconds,
which water can drain almost instantly. This is followed by an'attenuation layer, 'which feeds the water into a drainage system that connects with the city's groundwater reservoirs.
So don't worry all the water you can see pouring out in the video isn't being wasted-it's being fed straight back into the system for irrigation, drinking water, swimming pools,
and firefighting purposes. While permeable concrete has been around for the past 50 years, it's mostly been used under pavements to help with drainage,
"During periods of rising temperatures and intense rainfall, water stored within the system evaporates creating a cooling effect reducing surface temperatures,
If that water happens to freeze, the entire system would be destroyed, so the concrete can only be used in places where temperatures are never likely to dip that low,
#Solar cooling system keeps water at 9 degrees Celsius for up to three months Maintaining food in places where high temperatures prevail,
where she has achieve to maintain water at nine degrees Celsius"with that temperature we can cool food,
the researcher calculates the amount of water to be cooled, thereby knows how many zeolite to use.
which plants use the energy in sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. However
this new artificial photosynthetic system synthesizes the combination of carbon dioxide and water into acetate, the most common building block today for biosynthesis."We believe our system is a revolutionary leap forward in the field of artificial photosynthesis,
and combined with water for the synthesis of molecular products that form biomass, "says Chris Chang, an expert in catalysts for carbon-neutral energy conversions."
and combined with water for the synthesis of a variety of targeted, value-added chemical products."
while the photo-generated holes in the titanium oxide split water molecules to make oxygen.""Once the forest of nanowire arrays is established,
We observed that the residual water in the container was pumped to reactor tank, where it received a dosing of the dissociating elements in predetermined amounts.
Subsequently, the water is conducted to a clarifier tank, to sediment the excess charge of dissolved elements;
Also, the Monterrey Institute of technology and Higher education (ITESM), the College of Mexico and the National Polytechnic institute (IPN) have given their validation that the water treated with our technology meets the SSA NOM 127 standard,
consumption and water discharge e
#Can photosynthesis be measured over large areas? Scientists find a way"Plant photosynthesis is a fundamental process that drives all ecosystem functions.
However, its high-volume production and the generation of environmental problems (eutrophication and pollution of groundwater due to its high concentration of nutrients
and reduce costs The Mexican company Scientific Advice in Water Studies (ACEA) developed an engineering process for the elimination of pests,
This technological innovation is marketed currently in Mexico and Canada by a private company (Empresa Operadora de Granos Almacenados SA de CV) through a contract and confidentiality agreement with Scientific Advice in Water
#An engineered surface unsticks sticky water droplets Enhancing the mobility of liquid droplets on rough surfaces has applications ranging from condensation heat transfer for heat exchangers in power plants to more efficient water harvesting in arid regions where collecting fog
the researchers reacted glycerol with water, to provide the element hydrogen, and a magnesium oxide (Mgo) catalyst.
and water over such a simple catalyst gave such valuable products and interesting chemistry.""This research has the potential to transform the way in
#Tiny magnets mimic steam, water and ice A synthetic material--created from 1 billion nanomagnets--assumes different aggregate states depending on the temperature:
the so-called metamaterial exhibits phase transitions, much like those between steam, water and ice. This effect was observed by a team of researchers headed by Laura Heyderman from PSI."
The long-range order of water molecules increases in a similar way at the moment when water freezes into ice.""We were fascinated by the fact that our synthetic material displayed this everyday phenomenon of a phase transition,
If you speak across the top of a bottle that is partially filled with water, the air inside will resonate with the sound of the voice and attenuate certain frequencies,
depending on the amount of water in the bottle. In the plastic disk, the innards of each sector are patterned with a honeycomb-shaped structure in
is like having an array of bottles filled with different amounts of water. The human ear is not able to distinguish how the sound is altered by different passages,
which plants use the energy in sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. However
this new artificial photosynthetic system synthesizes the combination of carbon dioxide and water into acetate, the most common building block today for biosynthesis. e believe our system is a revolutionary leap forward in the field of artificial photosynthesis,
and combined with water for the synthesis of molecular products that form biomass, says Chris Chang, an expert in catalysts for carbon-neutral energy conversions. n our system,
and combined with water for the synthesis of a variety of targeted, value-added chemical products.
while the photo-generated holes in the titanium oxide split water molecules to make oxygen. Once the forest of nanowire arrays is established,
#Revolutionary tidal fence is set to trap the sea power A British company has announced plans for an array of unique marine turbines that can operate in shallower and slower-moving water than current designs.
and should be suitable for the waters around Britain, as well as overseas. Because the turbines sit horizontally beneath the surface of the sea
they can be sited in water shallower than the 30-metre depth typically required by current designs.
And because the water is slow-moving, the company says, fish can safely avoid the turbinesblades.
But the fossil fuel industry is far from abandoning its own interest in British waters as the energy giant BP has announced that it is to invest about £670m to extend the life of its North sea assets.
Kuosmanen's dynamic model enables the analysis of the development of nutrient stock over time and the distribution of the nutrient flows into water air and soil.
and distribute this water under the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) project. They also implemented solutions for water processing quality assurance and sewage treatment.
The new technologies and concepts serve as models for other karst regions. Under the IWRM Indonesia joint project funded by the Federal Ministry of Education
For the first time they succeeded in completely filling a karst cave with water. In 2010 they handed the cave power station over to the Indonesian authorities.
The plant can supply 80000 people with water. For the water to reach the households in a clean state via the distribution network a team headed by microbiologist Ursula Obst who directs the partial project for water processing and water quality assurance developed methods for the central semi
-centralized and local processing of water. The water from the cave is filtered first with sand
in order to prevent turbid substances from entering the distribution network. In the next step bacteria in the tap water are reduced.
For this purpose the KIT scientists established a pilot plant at the hospital of Wonosari There bacteria in the water are reduced among others by UV radiation
and the addition of chlorine or by filtration using ceramic membranes. However these methods require high-voltage current
There animals and plants can pollute the water. We therefore recommend to cover the pool
The scientists also installed a sand filter that retains dirt and turbid substances when tapping the water.
Prior to use the inhabitants filter the water again with the help of a clay pot that is provided with very small holes.
The water released via these holes is potable. The pots are produced by Indonesian potters using local materials according to specifications made by the scientists.
For water quality control the scientists apply a rather simple method: Users take a small water sample
and mix it with an enzyme substrate a nutrient that activates certain enterobacteria Only if these enterobacteria are contained in the water they convert the substrate
and a clearly visible yellow color develops. If the water is contaminated the cleaning steps are checked
and the filtration system is repaired if necessary. A sewage system is still lacking in the region of Gunung Kidul.
In case of strong rainfall there is a high risk of the germs entering the groundwater especially in a karst region Fuchs says.
and death--food and water tainted with pathogens from fecal matter results in the deaths of roughly 700000 children each year.
It has good water holding capacity and it can be used in agricultural areas to hold in nutrients
A soil mixture containing 10 percent biochar can hold up to 50 percent more water and increase the availability of plant nutrients he said.
In late December tests at CU-Boulder showed the solar energy directed into the reaction chamber could easily boil water
CU-Boulder team member Elizabeth Travis from Parker Colo. who is working toward a master's degree in the engineering college's Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities said her interest in water
Advances in sensor technology and increased understanding of plant physiology have made it possible for greenhouse growers to use water content sensors to accurately determine irrigation timing and application rates in soilless substrates.
Sensor-based irrigation systems substitute capital for water and associated inputs such as energy labor and fertilizer the authors explained.
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