ITBM, Nagoya University) Metal-catalyzed C-H borylation of aromatic rings is considered an efficient way to introduce functional groups to make functional molecules via a boryl moiety.
It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.
#Chemical engineers outline new approach to materials design The findings reveal a unique model that enables fast and accurate prediction of novel alloy materials for efficient chemical conversions.
The mixture of two or more metals with very precise atomic structures and compositions has shown great promise for catalyzing many chemical and electrochemical reactions,
In the past, testing of mixed blends of metals has produced novel physical and chemical properties. However the process is very time-consuming and costly to search for highly optimized alloys using the conventional approaches, Achenie added.
So that is why Achenie and Xin decided to use existing data to train computer algorithms to make predictions of new materials,
thus allowing large scale exploration alloy materials space, according to their article. They specifically concentrated on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metal electrodes because of the current interest in this process for sustainable production of fuels and value added chemicals,
they have identified a few promising copper multi-metallics with a higher energy conversion efficiency and possibly higher selectivity in carbon dioxide electro-reduction to ethylene, an extremely useful chemical in industry for making plastics.
The nanoparticles hydrophilic layer essentially locks in the active ingredient, a hydrophobic chemical called padimate O. Some sunscreen solutions that use larger particles of inorganic compounds, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide,
"3d printing of metal radically changes that. By looking at 3d printing not for that overall structure
and safety protection as a frame made out of steel, "said Brad Balzer, the lead designer on the project.
By using carbon fiber instead of steel or aluminum for the body, the entire vehicle only weighs 1400 pounds (635kg),
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria
and 52-percent for the renewable and biodegradable plastic PHB. Improved performances are anticipated with further refinements of the technology."
In this phase solid, organic and inorganic matter as well as heavy metals are removed by precipitation and gravity; and a sludge settles at the bottom of the reactor.
The same design principle can be extended easily to other materials beyond silicon, such as metals, glass ceramics and plastics.
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
and composites industries. The researchers, which include colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research through the joint Max-Planck-UBC Centre for Quantum Materials,
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
and composites industries. The researchers, which include colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research through the joint Max-Planck-UBC Centre for Quantum Materials,
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that mimics
and 52-percent for the renewable and biodegradable plastic PHB. Improved performances are anticipated with further refinements of the technology. e are currently working on our second generation system
and porcelain, but their potential to create new materials remains largely untapped. Notably, DNA-coated colloids offer particular promise
and a rigid plastic protector to cover body parts. hen you put on the sportswear, you are constrained automatically, some more than others.
the thread is coated in silicone which then solidifies. When the desired shape is completed, the tray at the bottom of the machine is slid out and the mesh
which in the early testing is silicone. As there is one continuous piece of thread which is used through the whole structure,
and cut down on the number of materials used. retty much everyone sports companies has a neoprene on the inside a nice soft stretchy material on the inside then layers of foam
Hybrid Silica Changing Sol-Gel Supercapacitorsa new material made from a common fatty acid, octylphosphonic acid,
The coating repelled blood from more than 20 medically relevant substrates the team tested--made of plastic to glass
and metal--and also suppressed biofilm formation in a study reported in Nature Biotechnology. But that's not All the team implanted medical-grade tubing
and genetic diseases by combining the chemical specificity of the DNA with the signal readout of the metal.
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
and polylactic acid, a biodegradable plastic used in compostable cups and glassware. Nanoparticles made from these polymers have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell.
Due to molecular-scale forces in a solution hydrophobic pollutant molecules move toward the hydrophobic nanoparticles,
In that case, both the plastic and the oil-based sauce are hydrophobic and interact together.
hormone-disrupting chemicals used to soften plastics, from wastewater; BPA, another endocrine-disrupting synthetic compound widely used in plastic bottles and other resinous consumer goods, from thermal printing paper samples;
and the polymers are biodegradable, minimizing the risks of leaving toxic secondary products to persist in,
from environmental remediation to medical analysis. The polymers are synthesized at room temperature, and don need to be prepared specially to target specific compounds;
a renewable fermentation process that seeks to act as a partial replacement for the an oil-based processes that goes into making synthetic rubber.
a technology that replaces the oil-based feedstock for part of the synthetic rubber-making process with renewable biomass.
For an idea of the impact, consider that approximately 50 percent of consumer tires are made from polymers
The new plastic is made from mushrooms Poking around in my mom s attic recently, I was reminded that I still have the shipping box from my Macintosh SE,
But the equally colossal pieces of Styrofoam that protected the computer in shipping more than two decades ago are gone long,
a patent-pending technology that uses a growing organism and byproducts from food production (oat hulls from New york, cotton hulls from Texas and rice hulls from Arkansas) to create a strong composite material.
You say Styrofoam is one of the biggest culprits in our landfills, taking up 25 percent of the space.
We talk about Styrofoam because of how it s used, and that s in a highly disposable way.
You have this polymer that s made from carcinogenic compounds like benzene and it will last up to 10,000 years.
We have a plastic that s alive a living polymer. Our vision is to replace plastics where ever they don t make sense
which could even be your computer or TV. Steelcase one of the largest office furniture makers in the world--they ve been really happy with Ecocradle,
It's like a conventional plastic, but it s alive. It has a five-day growth period.
There s a lot of places where we can just replace Styrofoam. That s our first-generation technology.
We see using it for all sorts of plastic material like the hard plastic around your TV.
#Polymer Nanobrushes Grab Selected Bacteria for Pathogen Detection A Texas A&m Agrilife Research engineer and a Florida colleague have developed a biosensor that can detect listeria bacterial contamination within two
"I do the biological and polymer engineering; he does the electrochemistry and nanostructures, "she said.
"The selection process the polymers use to select for specific bacteria in the listeria biosensor is very similar to the squid's cilia.
when the polymer nanobrushes have had time to grab the selected bacteria, the rest of the sample is washed away and the impedance,
as well as semiconductive and conductive polymers to tailor the behavior of natural cotton fibers. he layers were so thin that the flexibility of the cotton fibers is preserved always,
coated with a layer of charged polymer that aids the particles to stick to the target microbes,
Staphylococcus epidermis, bacteria that form toxic biofilms on plastics such as catheters in the human body; and Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria that contains various soil-borne pathogens.
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
and polylactic acid, a biodegradable plastic used in compostable cups and glassware. Nanoparticles made from these polymers have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell.
Due to molecular-scale forces in a solution hydrophobic pollutant molecules move toward the hydrophobic nanoparticles,
In that case, both the plastic and the oil-based sauce are hydrophobic and interact together.
hormone-disrupting chemicals used to soften plastics, from wastewater; BPA, another endocrine-disrupting synthetic compound widely used in plastic bottles and other resinous consumer goods, from thermal printing paper samples;
and the polymers are biodegradable, minimizing the risks of leaving toxic secondary products to persist in,
from environmental remediation to medical analysis. The polymers are synthesized at room temperature, and don need to be prepared specially to target specific compounds;
and how fast to go depending upon the pigment and intensity of color. The model also revealed higher order functions in a surprising way.
Polymers are poor conductors of electricity and 3d printing is based primarily around a set range of plastics.
To overcome this, Controlled Environments reports that the research group designed materials based around polymers and wax.
This created hollow tubes suitable for the addition of a liquid metal. For initial studies, silver was used to fill the tubes via nano-injection.
Various experiments found the shape and design of the material affected how it performed and its suitability in different applications.
Sung-Yueh Wuuc Berkeley engineers created a mart capusing 3d-printed plastic with embedded electronics to wirelessly monitor the freshness of milk.
and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory employed a microfluidic assembly technique to produce microcapsules that contain liquid sorbents encased in highly permeable polymer shells.
Aines says that the MECS-based approach can also be tailored to industrial processes like steel and cement production significant greenhouse gas sources.
These permeable silicone beads could be sliced a-bread'breakthrough for CO2 capture--efficient easy-to-handle minimal waste
which the flow rates of three fluids--a carbonate solution combined with a catalyst for enhanced CO2 absorption a photocurable silicone that forms the capsule shell
a long cone made from a composite of fiberglass and carbon fibre is designed to vibrate in the wind, according to a report in Wired.
and deforming permanently due to plastic buckling. Elastic buckling honeycomb structures provide the materials needed so that a given item could stretch
The shortcoming of conventional honeycombs is that they lose their full protective properties after only one impact due to plastic buckling of the material.
"Gong and her students also have been based studying bio polymers for more than a decade. CNF offers many benefits over current chip substrates, she says."
"The advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it's a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
"And, compared to other polymers, CNF actually has a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient.""The group's work also demonstrates a more environmentally friendly process that showed performance similar to existing chips.
which are coated with a charged polymer layer that helps them adhere to the target microbes,
and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
which are coated with a charged polymer layer that helps them adhere to the target microbes,
and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
The nanoparticles are coated with polymers that fine-tune their optical properties and their rate of degradation in the body.
The polymers can be loaded with drugs that are released gradually. The nanoparticles also can be made quite small,
"We think we coated this particle with a specific polymer and with specific drug-loading
In further experiments, the researchers found they could alter the infusion of the particles into melanoma cells by adjusting the polymer coatings.
"You can coat it with different polymers to give it a different optical response. You can load it with two drugs,
The corticosteroid DEX, a powerful ameliorator of inflammation, was released from the polymer by external application of an Electromagnetic field for 2 hours/day for a week.
a conductive polymer material that responds to electromagnetic fields. Wen Gao, a postdoctoral researcher in the Center for Paralysis Research who worked on the project with Borgens
and the shape change of the polymer that allows it to store and release drugs,
the polymer snaps back to the initial architecture and retains the remaining drug molecules.""For each different drug the team would need to find the corresponding optimal electromagnetic field for its release,
Tunable hybrid polaritons realized with graphene layer on hexagonal boron nitride Abstract: Physicists have found a way to control the length
Infrared light can also launch polaritons within a different type of two-dimensional crystal called hexagonal boron nitride.
Waves of atomic motion called phonon polaritons propagate throughout slabs of hbn formed by stacks of the sheetlike crystals.
"Our structures are made from the new wonder material graphene and its cousin boron nitride, which endow them with several advantages compared to traditional metal-based metamaterials.
The key advantages include enormous degree of tunability, relatively low losses, and ultrasmall thickness,"Fogler said."
Natural Polymers with Applications in Various Industries Synthesized in Iran June 22nd, 2015announcements n-tech Research Issues Report on Smart Coatings Market,
#Measurement of Tiny Amounts of Heavy metals in Baby Food Samples Abstract: Iranian researchers produced a nanosorbent that can adsorb
and measure small amounts of heavy metals in children food samples. The nanosorbent has speed high and accuracy and can be produced through a cost-effective method.
and measurement of heavy metals in foodstuff and environmental samples to reduce and eliminate the chemical harms caused by metals.
Detection and measurement of cadmium is very important among all different metals. In addition, although small amounts of zinc is necessary to the body
its high concentration causes digestive malfunctions and results in the related diseases due to its toxicity.
Therefore, the researchers focused on the detection of these metals, specially in foodstuff that are complicated very in terms of measurement.
Magnetic organometallic framework (MOF) nanocomposite has been used to selectively separate these metals from the foodstuff and their pre-concentration.
and measure heavy metals. Among the most important advantages of this nanosorbent, mention can be made of reducing the cost of food sample evaluation,
Natural Polymers with Applications in Various Industries Synthesized in Iran June 22nd, 2015high-tech nanofibres could help nutrients in food hit the spot June 17th, 2015the European project SVARNISH,
which are coated with a charged polymer layer that helps them adhere to the target microbes,
and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
as temperature-induced damage, strains, metal spiking and unintentional diffusion of dopants may occur.""Thus, although the conventional graphene fabrication method of chemical vapor deposition is used widely for the large-area synthesis of graphene on copper and nickel films,
This objective was achieved by creating a homogenous coating made of a nanocomposite of zinc oxide/nitrogen silver (N-Ag/Zno) on the fabrics.
Results of the research have applications in textile, polymer, and ceramic industries and in other applicable surfaces.
because the high temperatures destroy materials like paper or plastic. The University of Manchester research team
flexible materials like paper and plastic could mean that wireless technology, like RFID tags that currently transmit identifying info on everything from cattle to car parts,
Most commercial RFID tags are made from metals like aluminium and copper, Huang said, expensive materials with complicated fabrication processes that increase the cost."
"Carbon atoms in graphene sheets are arranged in a regularly repeating honeycomb-like latticea two-dimensional crystal. Like other crystals,
when enough heat or other energy is applied, the forces that bond the atoms together cause the atoms to vibrate
as well as semiconductive and conductive polymers to tailor the behavior of natural cotton fibers. The layers were so thin that the flexibility of the cotton fibers is preserved always
which are coated with a charged polymer layer that helps them adhere to the target microbes,
and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics like catheters in the human body.
as temperature-induced damage, strains, metal spiking and unintentional diffusion of dopants may occur.""Thus, although the conventional graphene fabrication method of chemical vapor deposition is used widely for the large-area synthesis of graphene on copper and nickel films,
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
A trap for ater-fearingpollution The researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol, a widely used compound found in laxatives, toothpaste,
and polylactic acid, a biodegradable plastic used in compostable cups and glassware. Nanoparticles made from these polymers have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell.
Due to molecular-scale forces in a solution hydrophobic pollutant molecules move toward the hydrophobic nanoparticles,
In that case, both the plastic and the oil-based sauce are hydrophobic and interact together.
hormone-disrupting chemicals used to soften plastics, from wastewater; BPA, another endocrine-disrupting synthetic compound widely used in plastic bottles and other resinous consumer goods, from thermal printing paper samples;
and the polymers are biodegradable, minimizing the risks of leaving toxic secondary products to persist in,
from environmental remediation to medical analysis. The polymers are synthesized at room temperature, and don need to be prepared specially to target specific compounds;
#Making polymer nanostructures from a greenhouse gas (Nanowerk News) A future where power plants feed their carbon dioxide directly into an adjacent production facility instead of spewing it up a chimney
it is also a good source of carbon for processes like polymer production. In the journal Angewandte Chemie("Construction of Versatile and Functional Nanostructures Derived from CO2-based Polycarbonates),
"American scientists have introduced now a two-step, one-pot conversion of CO2 and epoxides to polycarbonate block copolymers that contain both water-soluble and hydrophobic regions
and can aggregate into nanoparticles or micelles. Versatile nanostructures made from CO2 based polycarbonates. Wiley-VCH) CO2 and epoxides (highly reactive compounds with a three-membered ring made of two carbon atoms
and one oxygen atom) can be polymerized to form polycarbonates in reactions that use special catalysts.
These processes are a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional production processes and have already been introduced by several companies.
However, because current CO2-based polycarbonates are hydrophobic and have no functional groups, their applications are limited.
In particular, biomedical applications, an area where the use of biocompatible polycarbonates is established well, have been left out.
the researchers have been able to produce amphiphilic polycarbonate block copolymers in which both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are based on CO2.
They were also able to incorporate a variety of functional and charged groups into the polymers.
Because it is very difficult to find building blocks to make hydrophilic polycarbonates, the researchers used a trick:
and continue the polymerization. The AGE-containing polymer grows on both ends of the existing polycarbonate, leading to a triblock copolymer.
The length of the blocks can be controlled precisely. Subsequently a thiolene click reaction can be used to simply click a water-soluble group into place at the double bond.
Some of the amphiphilic polycarbonates made by this method are able to aggregate into particles or micelles in a self-organization process.
However, these devices, often created with nondegradable elastic polymers, bear an inherent risk of intestinal obstruction as a result of accidental fracture or migration.
Now, researchers at MITS Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have created a polymer gel that overcomes this safety concern
Image courtesy of the researchers) This polymer is ph-responsive: It is stable in the acidic stomach environment
and folding of devices into easily ingestible capsules meaning this polymer can be used to create safe devices designed for extremely prolonged residence in the stomach.
-responsive supramolecular polymer gel as an enteric elastomer for use in gastric devices")that describes the application of this new polymer gel for creating gastric devices.
the researchers were interested in developing a polymer with elastic properties. An elastic device can be folded into something small
But the size and shape of existing devices with elastic polymers have been limited by safety concerns,
Because of this, the researchers wanted their polymer to also be enteric or have a mechanism that would enable it to pass through the stomach unaltered before disintegrating in the intestines.
The proposed supramolecular polymer gel network. Structures in yellow are synthesized polymer; structures in purple are linear polymer;
and the red structures are inter-polymer hydrogen bonds. Image courtesy of the researchers) To lower any possible risk of obstruction,
we wanted a material that could dissolve in the intestines, thereby dissociating the device, and safely pass out of the body,
Zhang says. To create this new material, the researchers synthesized an elastic polymer and combined it in solution with a clinically utilized enteric polymer.
Adding hydrochloric acid and centrifuging the solution resulted in a flexible, yet resilient, polymer gel that exhibits both elastic and enteric properties.
The researchers used the gel polycaprolactone (PCL), a nontoxic, degradable polyester, to construct several device prototypes.
They first created ring-shaped devices by using the gel to link arcs of PCL in a circular mold.
These elastic devices had a diameter of 3 centimeters wider than the pylorus before they were folded into orally ingestible capsules.
the polymer gel dissolved, allowing for the safe passage of the small PCL pieces without obstruction.
Improving adherence The combined enteric and elastic properties of this polymer gel could significantly improve the design and adoption of gastric-resident devices.
With further work in adjusting the polymer composition or the design of the system they say that they could tailor devices to release drugs over a specific timeframe of up to weeks or months at a time.
They also scattered polystyrene beads 10 micrometres wide into a Petri dish filled with macrophages a type of white blood cell that ingests foreign material.
"That clinical use involves the carbon spheres being coated with polymer-a polymer that can gradually release drugs into the system to fight cancer and other diseases.
and vibrational spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor how the polymers gradually released their payload. The researchers ran a series of different experiments to check the temperatures required for the drugs to disperse,
Different polymer coatings were tested too as the team works towards getting these'homemade'carbon nanoparticles ready for clinical use."
"You can coat it with different polymers to give it a different optical response. You can load it with two drugs,
And a new development set to open in New jersey later this year is transforming an old steel factory into the world largest vertical farm.
The shortcoming of conventional honeycombs is that they lose their full protective properties after only one impact due to plastic buckling of the material.
Compared to other polymers like plastics, the wood nanomaterial is biocompatible and has relatively low thermal expansion coefficient,
Ma's team employed silicon nanomembranes as the active material in the transistor--pieces of ultra-thin films (thinner than a human hair) peeled from the bulk crystal
#Producing biodegradable plastic just got cheaper, greener Biodegradable drinking cups or vegetable wrapping foil: the bioplastic known as polylactic acid (PLA) is already a part of our everyday lives.
And yet, PLA is considered not yet a full alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, as it is costly to produce.
Researchers from the KU Leuven Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis now present a way to make the PLA production process more simple and waste-free.
which in turn is a building block for polylactic acid. PLA degrades after a number of years in certain environments.
PLA is also one of the few plastics that are suitable for 3d printing. However, PLA is not yet a full alternative for petroleum-based plastics due to its cost.
The production process for PLA is expensive because of the intermediary steps.""First, lactic acid is fed into a reactor and converted into a type of pre-plastic under high temperature and in a vacuum,
"Professor Bert Sels explains.""This is an expensive process. The pre-plastic--a low-quality plastic--is broken then down into building blocks for PLA.
In other words, you are first producing an inferior plastic before you end up with a high-quality plastic.
And even though PLA is considered a green plastic, the various intermediary steps in the production process still require metals and produce waste."
"The KU Leuven researchers developed a new technique.""We have applied a petrochemical concept to biomass,
"says postdoctoral researcher Michiel Dusselier.""We speed up and guide the chemical process in the reactor with a zeolite as a catalyst.
and without using metals. In addition, the production process is cheaper, because we can skip a step."
Of course, PLA will never fully replace petroleum-based plastics. For one thing, some objects, such as toilet drain pipes, are meant not to be biodegradable.
And it is not our intention to promote disposable plastic. But products made of PLA can now become cheaper and greener.
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