The most widely used thermal fluids are water, ethylene glycol, thermal oils and molten salts. One characteristic that is common to all of them, according to Juliá, is"their low thermal conductivity,
Into that we load a water based solution and introduce an additive which allows us to tune the buoyant density of the solution itself he explains.
It turns out that carbon nanomaterials are hydrophobic so water will roll right off of them he says.
and water said Shengyan (Sandy) Liu a Phd candidate at Waterloo's Faculty of engineering who led the team of researchers from the Department of Chemical engineering and the Centre for Contact lens Research.
and measured their concentrations in the water soil and living organisms during the course of a year.
which would enhance three-dimensional island growth of Gan micro-rods on graphene. To create the actual Gan microstructure LEDS on the graphene substrates the team uses a catalyst-free metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process they developed back in 2002.
because burning hydrogen fuel emits only water vapor.""Many researchers are looking to inorganic materials for new sources of energy,
They also know that water can be split into oxygen and hydrogen by combining these proteins with titanium dioxide
The new work by Rice chemist James Tour and his colleagues could keep glass surfaces from windshields to skyscrapers free of ice
and polyurethane paint to melt ice on sensitive military radar domes which need to be kept clear of ice to keep them at peak performance.
The material would replace a bulky and energy-hungry metal oxide framework. The graphene-infused paint worked well Tour said
When voltage was applied to either side of the slide the ice melted within minutes even
and ice but also be transparent to radio frequencies. It's really frustrating these days to find yourself in a building where your cellphone doesn't work.
a laboratory usually devoted to studying fuel cellshe kind that run on methane or hydrogened by Shriram Ramanathan, Associate professor of Materials science at the Harvard School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS.
He completed the research as a postdoctoral fellow in Ramanathan's lab at Harvard SEAS
On the macroscale adding fluorine atoms to carbon-based materials makes for water-repellant nonstick surfaces such as Teflon.
so understanding and manipulating surface properties friction adhesion interactions with water catalysis are major ongoing areas of scientific research.
This protein concentration is similar to one drop of milk dissolved in a hundred tons of water.
Professor Li has invented a cost-effective and scalable way to split graphite into microscopic graphene sheets and dissolve them in water.
Halas said the squid skin research team which includes marine biologists Roger Hanlon of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole Mass
Now we have a rational way of controlling this assembly in a water-based system he says.
Our group discovered a way to use sphere packing to get all sorts of materials to behave themselves in a water solution before they are sprayed onto surfaces in thin layers and assembled into a module.
because we use water instead of dangerous solvents in the process he adds. For photovoltaics Venkataraman points out The next thing is to make devices with other polymers coming along to increase power conversion efficiency
and produce roll-to-roll manufactured materials with water. We expect to actually get much greater efficiency.
which produces only water as a byproduct, "says Ying. The nanorods were examined as catalysts for this reaction using the model substrates p-toluene sulphonamide and benzyl alcohol."
If graphene oxide device has water in it and it is heated up the water can actually burn the graphene oxide and produce carbon dioxide.
It's a pitfall that could be important to understand in the development of long-lasting solar cells where sun could provide risky heat into the equation.
Any biodegradable mechanism intended to release a drug over a long time period must be sturdy enough to limit hydrolysis a process by which the body's water breaks down the bonds in a drug molecule.
Water between the two layers was removed by heating the layer structure once again. Part of the incoming light passes right through the material.
The team already knew that tiny propellers moved well through water, but to test if they could move through living organisms,
the researchers showed the textured surface repelled water, mimicking a lotus leaf. Although the anti-glare roughening protects the nano-size glass teeth
He was relaxing on the beach after surfing in San Clemente, Calif. when he picked up some sand,
After that, he ground salt and magnesium, both very common elements found dissolved in sea water into the purified quartz.
The metal nanoparticle-decorated polymer nanocapsules exhibit the following properties in water: high stability for up to 6 months;
which has high stability in environmentally preferable solvents such as water.""The research results demonstrated that this new technology shows high stability, dispersibility, catalytic activity,
and reusability in water, which other existing metal nanoparticles on solid supports have not been able to do,
These nanocarriers hold the guest molecules within the confines of their water-insoluble interior and use their water-soluble exterior to travel through an aqueous environment.
otherwise be insoluble in water across a liquid environment. Once inside a living cell the particles mix
#Smart gating nanochannels for confined water developed Confined water exists widely and plays important roles in natural environments, particularly inside biological nanochannels.
entitled"Construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels for confined water",was published in National Science Review. Nature has inspired always greatly technology, engineering and significant inventions.
and freely on the water surface via the special micro-and nanostructure on their legs.
Similarly, there are numerous functional units that can interact with water molecules in organisms. The protein-based ion channels are the good examples for these functional units
Jiang's group has achieved great research results in water related sciences including two dimensional interfaces with wetting, dewetting and superwetting properties.
From this they developed self-cleaning surfaces under water with inspiration coming from fish skin. Recently, Jiang's group focused on the confined water in one dimensional nanostructure materials.
The study examined the confined water on the outer surfaces of one dimensional nano-structured materials including spider silk and cactus thorn,
which can be used to collect water in air. They also studied confined water existing in nanochannel,
which included the construction and application of bio-inspired nanochannels. In this review Prof. Jiang expatiated the confined water that exists in one-dimensional micro/nano composite structures in detail, particularly inside biological nanochannels.
Using these nanochannels as inspiration, they provided a strategy for the design and construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels.
Importantly, they have applied the abiotic analogs to energy conversion systems. The confined water, that is water confined in micro-or mesopores,
not only plays an important role in maintaining the existence and development of living organisms, but also concerns the sustainable development of human society.
and cactus thorn showed the confined water collection on these one dimensional nanostructures was helpful in solving the shortage of freshwater resources.
#Bacterial nanometric amorphous Fe-based oxide as lithium-ion battery anode material Leptothrix ochracea is a species of iron-oxidizing bacteria that exists in natural hydrospheres where groundwater outwells worldwide.
which were mixed then with water and concentrated by centrifugation into a thick slurry. The slurry was then spread by bar coatingomething like a squeegeecross a large plate.
#New method stabilizes common semiconductors for solar fuels generation Researchers around the world are trying to develop solar-driven generators that can split water yielding hydrogen gas that could be used as clean fuel.
and hold sunlight to drive the chemical reactions involved in water splitting. Semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide are excellent light absorberss is clear from their widespread use in solar panels.
when submerged in the type of water solutions found in such systems. Now Caltech researchers at the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) have devised a method for protecting these common semiconductors from corrosion even as the materials continue to absorb light efficiently.
In the type of integrated solar fuel generator that JCAP is striving to produce two half-reactions must take placene involving the oxidation of water to produce oxygen gas;
the other involving the reduction of water yielding hydrogen gas. Each half-reaction requires both a light-absorbing material to serve as the photoelectrode
On top of the Tio2 the researchers deposited 100-nanometer-thick islands of an abundant inexpensive nickel oxide material that successfully catalyzed the oxidation of water to form molecular oxygen.
The work appears to now make a slew of choices available as possible light-absorbing materials for the oxidation side of the water-splitting equation.
Water-splitting photocatalyst that is abundant and inexpensive with low toxicity discovered More information: Amorphous Tio2 coatings stabilize Si Gaas and Gap photoanodes for efficient water oxidationn by S. Hu et al.
Science 2014: www. sciencemag. org/lookup/doi/1126/science. 125142 2
#Using gold nanoprobes to unlock your genetic profile A fast and cost-effective genetic test to determine the correct dosage of blood thinning drugs for the treatment of stroke,
and avoid water. The group hypothesized that the same types of forces could be used to attach a contrast agent to the surface of a type of nanoparticle called a liposome
Wei Wang, Hamed Hosseinni Bay, Aaron George and Favors. The team originally focused on silicon dioxide
and identical plastic containers filled with air water or a clay material.##The technique developed as part of a grant from the Office of Naval Research was presented yesterday at the American Society of Mechanical engineers Dynamic Systems and Control Conference o
And of course the water going down the drain in your shower is nice and toasty; you could use it to preheat the incoming cold water a
#7. 1-Magnitude Earthquake Hit Off The Coast Of Japan A 7. 1-magnitude earthquake hit off the coast of Japan earlier today about 200 miles east of the town of Namie
and 6 miles down in the Pacific ocean the U s. Geological Survey reports. Initial reports from the USGS put the quake's magnitude at 7. 3
In March 2011 the M9 0 earthquake that struck about 59 miles north of this event#displaced huge amounts of ocean water as the Pacific tectonic plate slipped under the Okhotsk#plate#triggering#a massive tsunami that killed thousands and knocked out
#Mega-Canyon Discovered Beneath Greenland Ice Sheet A previously unknown canyon has been discovered in Greenland hidden beneath the ice.
The canyon which is thought to predate glaciation has remained hidden beneath two kilometres of ice for more than four million years.
It has the characteristics of a meandering river channel an ancient river system that Bamber thinks hasn't been modified significantly by ice cover.
Considerable effort has been put into collecting bed topography of the Greenland ice sheet recently and there is a lot of data to be processed and interpreted.
I'm sure there are many secrets left to discover beneath Greenland's ice and likewise in Antarctica.
Radio waves of certain frequencies can travel through ice but bounce off the bedrock beneath. So researchers sent down pulses of radio energy of this particular frequency.
when we think about the movement of the underlying water said Bamber. This lubricates the ice sheet
and therefore determines the speed at which it moves. We think the canyon is an efficient conduit for ice-melt from the glacier.
If you want to model glacial movement â##something that is ever more crucial due to global warming â##then knowing about such topography is very important.
The discovery shouldn't affect our forecasts future sea level in itself but it does highlights that we still don't know everything about the surface of our own planet.
http://news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2013/07/130723-east-antarctic-ice-sheet-melt-global warming/Do not try
The light enters the water it hands off part of its energy to the medium and inside it exists as light
Most water-repelling treatments still allow for surface friction so particles of mud soot oil or wine stick right where they land.
Water blocks off the ear canal which has a unique anatomy so over time wax builds up into
But for them a quick round-trip through some of the world s roughest waters is hardly the worst part of the government shutdown.
A lot of the scientific value of the past 22 years can be damaged by a single missed year. â#Scientists at Palmer have been meticulously studying the Antarctic marine ecosystem including all of the life in it from microbes to penguins every year since 1990.
Scientists have documented also stronger surface winds cloudier skies more snowfall less ice and warmer ocean water.
Bill Fraser of the Polar Oceans Research Group has been studying seabirds there since 1974. His team has shown that the population of Adelie penguins breeding on nearby islands dropped 30 percent over the last three decades a decline related to a suite of environmental changes such as less summer sea ice less krill
and more spring snow. â##We have this incredible long-term documented ecological story and all of a sudden there s a break in that story
Palmer sits on an island along the outstretched finger of the West Antarctica Peninsula and is supplied only by ship from Punta arenas Chile.
because supplies including scientific equipment take a long involved route from a port in Long beach California south to the port in Punta arenas where they re loaded onto the Gould.
#How To Make A Surface Shed Bugs Like Water Droplets Can I just coat all the walls of my apartment with this?
Surface chemistry does matter for other material properties such as how well they shed water. The researchers are now working on making a prototype bug-shedding material according to the University of Freiburg.
Rather than try to isolate individual virus species from a sample there are up to 10 billion viruses in a liter of seawater Breitbart extracts all the genetic material present chops it into smaller pieces and sequences those pieces simultaneously.
--The Editorspolytechnic Institute of New york Universitycreating a new way to cloud computejustin Cappos can access the Internet from anywhere in the world a desktop computer in Ethiopia an Android phone in France even a tablet on an island off the coast of Antarctica
With the data he has collected thus far Schmale has built a model of atmospheric circulation that shows large sections of air sweeping across the face of the planet like waves across an ocean transporting dust and microbes thousands of miles.
and jump major oceans Schmale says. He's planning to adapt his model to predict the movement of plant pathogens which could help farmers preemptively protect their crops by describing where to strategically deploy pesticides.
One version Elude camouflages the wearer in the water based on the recent discovery that sharks seem to be color blind The other Diverter aims to repel sharks with high-contrast black and white bands a natural signal the company says tells sharks
zee44. comwhen the shark looks up from the depths of the water seeing the surface with the swimmer having the sun overhead silhouetting the swimmer the happy shark with open its mighty jaws with delight of his soon to be eaten meal of
which are created by every living animal in the water. This is passive electrolocation. When you go into the ocean you have called
what s a bioelectric potential around your body; sharks can hone in on that using electroreceptors.
Rub some crushed Tylenol or antimalarial on it, for example, dip it in water, and the results are rendered in colors.
It was called The Island a sci-fi film. Anyhow there are other ways to immortality then what you described.
For instance Hydrogen peroxide (H2o2) is one atom away from Water (H20. Drinking Hydrogen peroxide will result in death
but water is need something we to live. Elecman one can easily die from an overdose on water even though...
water is need something we to live. This graph isn't all that informative...OTHER THAN the smallest and largest categories (and the pointless unspecified category) there doesn't appear to be much of a difference between those other categories...
nor an increase in overdose over time for the smaller groups. I doubt there would be any statistical significance in comparing deaths across those groups.
Nah triploids outeat EVERYTHING in the water. They literally eat themselves to death by killing every system they are put in.
and is a long time coming in the corporate world-it coming to a head just slightly after the establishment of a highly secure seed vault in the northern oceans
and look for water according to AP reports. State-run news agency Ria Novosti has said that it will carry dust monitors and plasma sensors to sense high-energy cosmic rays as well.
and crashed into the Pacific ocean after two months in Earth's orbit. Luna-Glob and its successors are part of a larger plan to revamp development of Russia's space industry.
We would have to launch water CO2 soil chemical fertilizers the materials to construct the greenhouses
#Navy Demonstrates Swarm Of Armed Robot Boats Call them sea drones dronaughts or roboats the Navy demonstrated a swarm of remotely-controlled boats on the James river In virginia this August.
As if animated by the same mind the13 patrol boats all moved in unison their crewless decks painting a picture of
while still keeping boats in the water. Here s what that exercise looked like: Key to the boats is named a program Control Architecture for Robotic Agent Command and Sensing or CARACAS.
In the demonstration the Navy boats first escorted a high value unit simulating a ring of robotic bodyguards around a vessel in a narrow part of the sea.
There s also another kill switch that the controller can press to make the robot boats stop dead in the water.
round-the-clock patrols only require one new sailor at the controls every few hours instead of 50 sailors out in the water every time.
Klunder specifically stated that the systems we put on the water would have prevented such a terrible tragedy.
If the trend on the sea is moving away from crew (as seen in both military
#Satellite data Maps Sea floor's Hidden Depths While many detailed maps exist of Earth s continents
what lies beneath our planet s waters has remained somewhat of a mystery. So far only 10 percent of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution leaving researchers pretty eager to know what s going on in that other 90 percent.
Well now researchers at Scripps institution of oceanography at UC San diego are painting in the rest of the picture.
Harnessing never-before-used satellite altimeter data from the European space agency s (ESA) Cryosat-2 and NASA s Jason-1 the scientists have created stunning maps of Earth s entire seafloor bringing to light mountains
and ridges that have never before been charted. The maps give the researchers a new understanding of deep ocean plate tectonics and little-studied ocean basins.
The vibrant images of these underwater landscapes were crafted by measuring gravity at various parts of the ocean.
According to lead researcher David Sandwell both the satellites are tasked with capturing the Earth s gravity field over the oceans.
The satellites orbit the earth and sends out thousands of radar pulses a second Sandwell a#geophysics professor#at Scripps.#
So we use that data to generate a topography of the ocean s surface. That topography highlights subtle variations and bumps in the oceans waters telling a lot about the surface underneath.
For example if the ocean is raised slightly at one point it serves as an indication of a larger object below.
Let s say you have a volcano on the ocean floor that is 2000 meters tall Sandwell explains.
It has associated extra mass with it and it will perturb the gravity field locally. That perturbation is expressed in the sea surface as a bump.
By mapping out all the bumps and indentions in the water the researchers had a pretty good snapshot of the variations in the Earth s crust.
In order to determine how much underwater mass was associated with a surface bump the researchers developed a scientific model using the laws of gravity calibrated by actual measurements taken by survey ships.
These ships which are responsible for mapping the 10 percent of the ocean s floor that s been mapped so far use specialized sonar systems called multibeam echo sounders to acquire detailed depth information of the seafloor.
Sandwell notes that their maps improve upon seafloor images from the 1990s which were created using older satellite imagery.
and fracture zones that had never been seen before they only captured areas of the seafloor that were relatively young
Along with providing the researchers with a better understanding of the waters uncharted depths Sandwell says these maps will be useful tools for the military
#But most significantly Sandwell says it s important for us to know in detail what lies beneath our oceans surfaces.
His dream is for the entire seafloor to be mapped at high resolution. That 10 percent of high resolution that s been mapped#it s about the same resolution of
We know more about these other planets than we know about the sea floor. We need to try to make high resolution maps everywhere.#
#Dramatic Ice Loss Is Messing With Antarctica's Gravity Just when you wondered if climate change news couldn't get much worse along comes proof that it's affected one of the fundamental forces of nature:
The ice sheet covering West Antarctica lost enough mass between 2009 and 2012 to cause a measurable dip in the region's gravity field.
which has been taking high-resolution measurements of Earth's gravity for the past four years with those of the American-German orbiter GRACE which uses gravity data to measure changes in ice mass.
Data from the ESA's Cryosat satellite shows that West Antarctica's seasonal ice melt has sped up by a factor of three
It's true that the extent of Antarctic winter sea ice has grown over the past few years.
As the ozone hole over the continent has shrunk it's letting in less UV radiation--which along with complex ocean circulation factors
is a much more likely reason that there's a bit more sea ice encircling the South pole e
#Earth's Water Is Older Than The Sun Since water is one of the vital ingredients for life On earth scientists want to know how it got here.
One theory is that the water in our solar system was created in the chemical afterbirth of the Sun
. If that were the case it would suggest that water might only be common around certain stars that form in certain ways.#
#But a new study published today in Science suggests that at least some of Earth s water actually existed before the Sun was born
--and that it came from interstellar space.##That s certainly something to ponder the next time you drink a glass of water.#
#But the discovery is also cool because it means water --and maybe life#--may be ubiquitous throughout the galaxy.#
#If water in the early Solar system was inherited primarily as ice from interstellar space then it is likely that similar ices
along with the prebiotic organic matter that they contain are abundant in most or all protoplanetary disks around forming stars study author Conel Alexander explained in a press release.#
#The researchers concluded that a significant portion of Earth s water came from interstellar space by looking at the relative abundance of hydrogen and deuterium.#
Earthly water contains some deuterium too but in low quantities--up to 30 times less than interstellar water.
Looking at a water sample s ratio of hydrogen to deuterium can tell you about what conditions were like when the water formed.
and deuterium that scientists observe in Earth s oceans and on comets. Because of that the researchers estimate that anywhere between 7 and 50 percent of Earth s water had to have come from the interstellar medium in
which the solar system was born. And since other solar systems would have formed in the same interstellar medium the findings suggest that the origins of water On earth were not unique
and that the thirst-quenching#life-supporting substance may be common on exoplanets throughout the galaxy x
DIRTT is hoping to forestall these problems with the help of their Doom engine-based software named ICE.
We re going to have cost certainty with ICE Jenkins says. The Doom engine is a computer program that can render 2-D blueprints into a 3-D space.
Because the engine is open-source DIRTT was able to adapt it for their own needs--for example ICE melts with other design softwares including Autocad.
An engineer or an architect can use ICE to mock up a room and create a live data set for every aspect of a space including the electrical engineering millwork and piping.
Because of ICE we don't have separate teams of manufacturers trying to coordinate with ordered engineering says Jenkins.
and other virtual reality viewing systems may integrate with the ICE software--to further simplify the design process
but doing so at high speeds in three dimensions on a rocking platform in the middle of the ocean with airplanes worth millions of dollars The X-47b#has earned a pair of nicknames:#
and take the beaches. The contract with French shipbuilders specified two Mistral class ships built in France,
Or perhaps Russia would use them instead on the other side of the Black sea should tensions like the 2008 Russia-Georgia war flare up again.
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