The odorless tasteless element can cause skin discoloration stomach pain partial paralysis and a range of other serious health problems.
Olfactory loss is often an early symptom in a variety of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
and given its connection to other brain regions it could lend insight into the relationship between olfactory loss and many brain disorders.
#Timing is key for traumatic brain injury treatment Researchers at the University of Adelaide have discovered two potential treatments for traumatic brain injury that are most effective
Laboratory studies conducted in the University's School of Medical sciences have confirmed that changes in brain water channels over time play a critical role in traumatic brain injury.
He found that recovery from brain injury can be assisted greatly when these compounds are given at the right times.
Dr Burton's work could point to the potential development of new drugs as well as new approaches to preventing brain damage and death.
One of the serious consequences of traumatic brain injury is an increase in brain moisture content and associated brain swelling which significantly impacts patients'neurological outcomes.
The operation leaves a scar on the neck and can lead to heart attack short-term facial paralysis from nerve damage and bleeding
These mutations cause more than 200 diseases and contribute to others such as diabetes cancer Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
#Disputed theory on Parkinsons origin strengthened Parkinson's disease is linked strongly to the degeneration of the brain's movement center.
The experiment shows how the toxic protein alpha-synuclein is transported from one cell to another before ultimately reaching the brain's movement center giving rise to the characteristic movement disorders in Parkinson's disease.
#Sensor invented that uses radio waves to detect subtle changes in pressure Stanford engineers have invented a wireless pressure sensor that has already been used to measure brain pressure in lab mice with brain injuries.
including the disambiguation of electroencephalograph patterns from epileptic seizure patients; detection of anomalous cardiac activity from heart recordings;
and heritable variants that have been linked to breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that the algorithm, combined with the researchers'sophisticated computer models of cellular regulation, is a powerful method for identifying genetic drivers of a wide range of diseases."
In a study of Alzheimer's disease, DIGGIT found 14 genetic variants that appear to drive the condition,
""Even in our studies of breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease, where the goal was simply to show that DIGGIT could identify mutations
The scientists performed preclinical trials using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis a preclinical model for human multiple sclerosis.
Disruptions of the neuron train system also contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS.
or treat brain injuries (see Nerve-Stimulating Implant Could Lower Blood pressure). But before we re all riddled with electronics researchers have to figure out how to power it all.
Researchers are finally beginning to gain some scientific understanding of many common brain disorders, including schizophrenia.
touted the results as a turning point in how we view brain disorders. ive years ago, we didn know a single gene related to these psychiatric diseases,
It is used to watch for epileptic seizures and then stop them with electrical pulses. Altogether, U s. doctors bill for about $2. 6 billion worth of neural stimulation devices a year, according to industry estimates.
Plachta says the procedure for implanting the device in humans would be similar to one used in an existing technique that uses vagal-nerve stimulation to treat epilepsy.
but electrical devices are used also to control Parkinson s disease and experimentally some psychiatric conditions (see Brain Pacemakers
scientists at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) have reported clinical evidence supporting the role of a novel biomarker in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.
"Several animal studies conducted at NBRC have showed the utility of this biomarker in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease previously also.
a region of the brain, yielded 100%specificity and sensitivity for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls."
"We propose that estimation of GSH affords a crucial noninvasive measure of Alzheimer's disease progression that could
Alzheimer's is one of the common brain disorders that affects nearly 35 million people worldwide. By 2050, experts said,
meningitis, skin infections etc. But this is the first study to record copper's action against a virus. In the study,
people who have suffered traumatic brain injury, stroke victims and anyone else with limited mobility. ur goal is to create an affordable, customizable,
In the most severe cases, bacterial poisoning causes severe disease and syndromes like sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia,
--whose deregulation is associated with diseases ranging from diabetes to cancer to epilepsy--have gradually been brought to light.
and treatment of neurological diseases ranging from autism to Alzheimer's disease to multiple sclerosis.""Instead of asking,'How do we study the immune response of the brain?''
take Alzheimer's disease.""In Alzheimer's, there are accumulations of big protein chunks in the brain, "Kipnis said."
or exploring the mechanisms behind conditions such as diabetic neuropathy.''The problem is that unlike blood, a skin sample or even a tissue biopsy,
Other applications could be in better understanding neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, or to produce retinal neural cells for patients with age-related macular degeneration.'
as well as other brain disorders, can offer new insights.''This study speaks to the importance of using human cells to bring a better understanding of the pathophysiology of autism and, with that, possibly better treatments. e
Better understanding of how it works could eventually offer strategies for helping those with brain damage manage day-to-day life better.
the likelihood of our being able to use stem cell therapy to repair brain injury is very low.
experimental gene transfer-based treatment for children with giant axonal neuropathy (GAN). Researchers led by Steven J. Gray, Ph d,
a charity founded by the parents of Hannah Sames, an 11-year-old girl with giant axonal neuropathy (GAN),
"This first intrathecal (into the spinal fluid) delivery of a viral gene therapy vector in a human patient is a fundamental step towards developing a causal treatment for giant axonal neuropathy (GAN), a devastating progressive neurogenetic
#Software Turns Smartphones into Tools for Medical Research Jody Kearns doesn't like to spend time obsessing about her Parkinson's disease.
"The thing with Parkinson's disease is there's not much you can do about it, "she said of the nervous-system disorder,
Parkinson's disease May Begin In The Gut, Aarhus University Study A major epidemiological registry-based study from Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital indicates that Parkinson's disease begins in the gastrointestinal tract.
The study is the largest in the field so far. The chronic neurodegenerative Parkinson disease affects an increasing number of people.
However, scientists still do not know why some people develop Parkinson's disease. Now researchers from Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital have taken an important step towards a better understanding of the disease.
New research indicates that Parkinson's disease may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and spread through the vagus nerve to the brain."
then these vagotomy patients should naturally be protected against developing Parkinson's disease, "explains postdoc at Aarhus University Elisabeth Svensson on the hypothesis behind the study.
"Our study shows that patients who have had the the entire vagus nerve severed were protected against Parkinson's disease.
The first clinical examination The research has presented strong evidence that Parkinson's disease begins in the gastrointestinal tract and spreads via the vagus nerve to the brain.
"Patients with Parkinson's disease are constipated often many years before they receive the diagnosis, which may be an early marker of the link between neurologic
In the future the researchers expect to be able to use the new knowledge to identify risk factors for Parkinson's disease
"Now that we have found an association between the vagus nerve and the development of Parkinson's disease, it is important to carry out research into the factors that may trigger this neurological degeneration,
Facts Parkinson's disease is a chronic and neurodegenerative disease which affects approx. 1 out of every 1, 000 people.
The research project was supported by the Danish Parkinson's disease Association and PROCRIN (Program for Clinical Research Infrastructure
For someone suffering from paralysis or limited mobility, visiting with other people is extremely difficult.
#Enriched Blood cells Preserve Cognition In Mice With Features Of Alzheimer's disease, Cedars-Sinai Medical center Study Enriched Blood cells Preserve Cognition In Mice With Features Of Alzheimer's disease Los angeles-July 6,
2015 Cedars-Sinai researchers have tested successfully two new methods for preserving cognition in laboratory mice that exhibit features of Alzheimer's disease by using white blood cells from bone marrow
and a drug for multiple sclerosis to control immune response in the brain. Under the two approaches, immune cells from outside the brain were found to travel in greater numbers through the blood into the brain.
During the progression of Alzheimer's disease, these cells are found to be defective. In this study, the researchers discovered that immune cells infiltrating the brain from the blood effectively resisted various abnormalities associated with the condition."
"These cells appear to work in the brain in several ways to counter the negative effects associated with Alzheimer's disease,
"The increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease and the lack of any effective therapy make it imperative to explore new strategies, especially those that can target multiple abnormalities in such a complicated disease,"Koronyo-Hamaoui added.
In Alzheimer's disease, a protein fragment known as amyloid-beta builds up at the synapses of neurons the point where neuron-to-neuron communication occurs.
The Brazilian neurobiologist was part of a team of researchers who created a mind-controlled robotic exoskeleton worn by Juliano Pinto as the paraplegic man took part in the kickoff for the 2014 World cup in Sao paulo o
#Smartphones tested as tools for medical research Jody Kearns doesn't like to spend time obsessing about her Parkinson's disease.
"The thing with Parkinson's disease is there's not much you can do about it, "she said of the nervous-system disorder,
#Mutebutton can train your brain to ignore tinnitus By Roger Dobson for the Daily mail Published:
23:02 GMT, 18 may 2015 A new device that stimulates the tongue may be a new way to tackle tinnitus.
Clinical trial results suggest it can reduce tinnitus loudness by an average of about 40 per cent.
Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the ear usually a ringing noise, although it can be pitched a high whistling or buzzing, ringing, or hissing.
although treatments such as maskers (ear-plugs that generate white noise to try to block out tinnitus noise), antidepressants,
or think differently about their tinnitus, can help. However, the Mutebutton is designed to gradually re-train the brain (via the nerves in the tongue)
in order to reduce the loudness of tinnitus. The stimulator is held between the lips and creates a mild current to stimulate nerves in sync with the sound played through the earphones.
The idea is that the brain gradually begins to play down the illusory sounds of tinnitus
In a trial at the National University of Ireland, the system was tested on 60 people who'd had tinnitus for longer than six months.
Tinnitus volume reduced by 42 per cent on average. The Mutebutton is likely to be available in the UK later this year.
'More evidence is needed on the effectiveness of this device before it can offer real hope to the millions of tinnitus sufferers across the UK.'
'Meanwhile, researchers have identified now the areas of the brain thought to be involved in tinnitus-with the hope that this new understanding could trigger new treatments.
Scientists at Newcastle University and the University of Iowa, in the U s.,have shown that more areas of the brain are involved in tinnitus than just the sound centre-the auditory cortex-which was thought previously to be responsible.
which lit up during times of loud and quiet tinnitus. Their findings might explain why the condition can be difficult to treat,
#The HEADPHONES that detect brain damage: Pioneering device tracks changes in pressure caused by injury and infection Doctors have developed a brain pressure test using a special set of headphones that can detect life-threatening head injuries and infections.
The headphones are set to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as meningitis and head trauma injuries
'The scientists hope that understanding how this type of memory is formed could someday help patients suffering from certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease e
may one day be used to treat pain, depression, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders in people by targeting therapies to specific brain circuits.
Such nerve damage can cause partial or total paralysis. Xue, who first identified the PSR-1 receptor in 2003,
causing meningitis and encephalitis, as well as the placental barrier, resulting in severe neonatal infection or miscarriage.
and suffered far less paralysis, she added. This study highlights a never previously suspected mechanism:
The scientists say the technology could be used to one day treat pain, epilepsy, depression and other neurological disorders.
#Noninvasive spinal cord stimulation gets paralyzed legs moving voluntarily again Five men with complete motor paralysis have regained the ability to move their legs voluntarily
Edgerton now hopes to test the noninvasive stimulation on people with partial paralysis. He also notes that,
The brain activity was recorded in the USA from 7 epileptic patients who participated voluntarily in the study during their clinical treatments.
however, is paralysis on either side of the body, which can cause loss of movement and diminished range of motion in the arms and legs.
can potentially affect many of the brain circuits that are impaired during stroke or other types of brain injuries.
hemispatial neglect or pain perception resulting from stroke or brain injury. This bodes well for neurorehabilitation programs in the future
and waveforms with or without paresthesia, including burst and higher rate frequencies. Here a Boston Sci video about the Precision Novi r
#Artificial Neurons That Work Like Real Ones to Treat Neurological Conditions, Paralysis Researchers at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have created reportedly an artificial neuron that apparently works just like our own living neurons
even though the men have complete paralysis, there are still neural connections that remain that are able to take on new functions requested by the body.
not only because cheap transcutaneous neurostimulators may be used in treating paralysis due to damaged spinal cords, but more importantly because there clear evidence that such patients may one day recover their natural walking ability thanks to these devices.
and other complications, said team leader Richard Borgens, Purdue University's Mari Hulman George Professor of Applied Neuroscience and director of Purdue's Center for Paralysis Research."
Wen Gao, a postdoctoral researcher in the Center for Paralysis Research who worked on the project with Borgens
Youngnam Cho, a former faculty member at Purdue's Center for Paralysis Research; and Jianming Li, a research assistant professor at the center.
###The research was funded through the general funds of the Center for Paralysis Research and an endowment from Mrs. Mari Hulman George. Borgens has a dual appointment in Purdue's College of Engineering and the College of Veterinary medicine.##
and treat everything from neurodegenerative disorders to paralysis. It sounds unlikely, until you visit Charles Lieber's lab. A team of international researchers, led by Lieber, the Mark Hyman, Jr.
the motor cortex, can allow patients with paralysis to control the movement of a robotic limb.
that involve paralysis such as stroke, brain injury, ALS and even multiple sclerosis. The Rehabilitation Sixteen days after his implant surgery, Sorto began his training sessions at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center,
this knowledge can be helpful in the development of therapeutic interventions for neurological diseases underlined by altered dendritic spine density, such as autism spectrum disorder, Schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease.
and treat everything from neurodegenerative disorders to paralysis. Sounds unlikely, until you visit Charles Lieber lab. Led by Lieber, the Mark Hyman Jr.
and suffered far less paralysis, she added. This study highlights a never previously suspected mechanism:
For someone suffering from paralysis or limited mobility, visiting with other people is extremely difficult.
whether red light shone into mice's heads using fibre optics can help with Parkinson's disease. A better understanding of how red light affects cells should make it easier to expand its medical uses,
#Leaky Blood vessels In The Brain May Lead To Alzheimer's Researchers appear to have found a new risk factor for Alzheimer's disease:
The new research grew out of earlier studies of people who died with Alzheimer's disease.""We were looking at brains from autopsies
"There's every reason to think that a lot of Alzheimer's disease does involve vascular damage, "he says. The study also adds to the evidence that amyloid plaques
without the use of surgery, they helped people with severe paralysis voluntarily move their legs something that's never been accomplished before.
Seeing this, Edgerton eagerly tried out a similar approach on patients with severe paralysis. The study was extremely small,
However, Edgerton believes the results may lead to major advances for the 6 million Americans who live with paralysis
but not complete paralysis as they think that set of patients is likely to improve even more from this treatment o
and experience paralysis and confusion. According to the President of the ORBI foundation, Daria Lisichenko, nable to speak,
#Injectable electronics now exist that could one day help treat paralysis It sounds like something taken straight from a science-fiction movie,
and his colleagues could lead to new ways to treat neurodegenerative diseases and paralysis, as well as mapping out the brain in greater detail than ever before.
So imagine being able to use the device to restore function to paralysed patients, or heal brain damage."
"These encouraging results provide continued evidence that spinal cord injury may no longer mean a lifelong sentence of paralysis and support the need for more research,"Roderic Pettigrew,
whether the procedure can help people with partial paralysis."We have focused on individuals with complete paralysis throughout this whole process
#Alzheimer's plaques reduced by targeting sugar attachment to the BACE1 enzyme A major factor contributing to Alzheimer's disease is the formation of pathogenic A?
and Naoyuki Taniguchi at RIKEN in collaboration with Tamao Endo and Shigeo Murayama at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology showed that much of the BACE1 found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients is modified by the attachment of a particular sugar with the help of the enzyme
or brain injury in patients presenting to emergency departments following head trauma. Concussion is a condition that has been plagued by the lack of an objective diagnostic tool
along with a physician's finger according to Dr. Samadani who also serves as co-director of the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain injury at NYU Langone.
and colleagues at the Cohen Veterans Center to assess eye movement in veterans of the long Middle east conflicts suspected of suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) concussion or other forms of brain injury.
and had CT SCANS showing new brain damage as well as 39 trauma patients who had hit their heads
Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common causes of neurologic morbidity in the world today Dr. Ellenbogen says.
and Afghanistan veterans with post-concussive syndrome and post-blast military brain injury. Estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state about 2. 5 million U s. emergency department visits were associated with traumatic brain injury in 2010 with rates increasing by about 70 percent over the previous decade.
Currently there is no tool seen as a gold standard for diagnosing concussions and imaging tests like CT SCANS
#WHO grants approval for safe effective meningitis A vaccine for infants The World health organization (WHO) has opened the door to routine immunization of infants in Sub-saharan africa by approving for use an innovative and affordable vaccine that has all but rid the meningitis belt of a major cause
In the four years since its introduction in Africa, Menafrivac has had an immediate and dramatic impact in breaking the cycle of meningitis A epidemics,
The announcement was made today by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP)--a partnership between the global health nonprofit PATH and WHO--and Serum institute of india Ltd (SIIL),
"Initial mass vaccination campaigns with Menafrivac have been highly effective in reducing the number of meningitis A cases,
5 g dose of the meningitis A vaccine meets international standards of quality, safety, and efficacy and can
Before the introduction of Menafrivac, people living in countries of the meningitis belt, which stretches from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in the east,
were struck regularly by meningitis A epidemics in which sudden onset of symptoms could rapidly lead to death or permanent disability.
Protection at an affordable price In 2004, MVP partnered with SIIL to develop an affordable, tailor-made vaccine for use against meningitis A in Sub-saharan africa.
Menafrivac has been administered to over 215 million people in 15 countries of the African meningitis belt:
"One year after large-scale vaccine introduction in late 2010, for example, experience from Burkina faso provided early evidence that mass vaccination was associated with a significantly reduced risk of meningitis in the targeted population,
Findings were confirmed in a major way in Chad in 2012 where researchers reported a dramatic reduction in transmission and incidence of meningitis A a drop of more than 90 percent following vaccination.
and national governments has been crucial for mass vaccination campaigns that are due to continue until 2016 to cover at-risk populations in all 26 countries where disease burden from meningitis A is greatest.
and optimal dosage and immunization schedule for administering Menafrivac to infants and toddlers alongside other routine childhood vaccines in African meningitis belt countries.
Specifically, THE WHO prequalification that was announced today allows United nations procurement agencies to purchase the vaccine for use in routine immunization programs in meningitis-belt countries
or her first birthday to ensure long-term meningitis control.""""We are more than halfway through with introducing the vaccine in meningitis-belt countries,
and the first introductions have been a stunning success, "said Dr. Jeanmarie Okwo-Bele, director of THE WHO Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals."
"But we cannot yet declare a win on meningitis epidemics in Sub-saharan africa. If we rest on our laurels
meningitis epidemics will return in a major way in the years to come. Elimination of meningitis epidemics will require meningitis belt countries'political commitment to complete the mass campaigns
and introduce the vaccine in the Expanded Programme on Immunization. Then and only then will we win the battle against meningitis. a
#Flexible methane production from electricity and biomass The variable operation modes were the biggest challenge during development says Project Head Siegfried Bajohr of the Engler-Bunte Institute (EBI) of KIT.
#Neuroprosthetics for paralysis: Biocompatible flexible implant slips into the spinal cord EPFL scientists have managed to get rats walking on their own again using a combination of electrical and chemical stimulation.
But the potential for applying these surface implants is huge--for example in epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and pain management.
and neurodegenerative disorders, including depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, AIDS dementia complex, asphyxia in newborns and epilepsy.
epilepsy or intellectual disability (see this review article for further background). But they also can be completely benign
#Novel compound switches off epilepsy development In temporal lobe epilepsy seizures arise in the hippocampus and other structures of the limbic system located in the temporal lobe when a cascade of molecular and cellular events results in aberrant brain wiring.
The period between a brain injury and the onset of seizures called epileptogenesis is a silent period
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) or limbic epilepsy is a common adult epileptic disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures that may also spread to other brain regions triggering secondary severe generalized seizures.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. It's estimated that 66 million people in the world have epilepsy.
In the US 1 in 26 people will develop epilepsy at some time during their lifetime.
The incidence of epilepsy is higher in young children and older adults. Although the cause of epilepsy is unknown there are some types of epilepsy associated with previous brain injury.
Recurrent seizures might cause brain damage. According to the Epilepsy Foundation temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of partial or localization related epilepsy.
It accounts for approximately 60%of all patients with epilepsy. The medial form accounts for almost 80%of all temporal lobe seizures.
While medial temporal lobe epilepsy is a very common form of epilepsy it is also frequently resistant to medications.
The overall prognosis for patients with drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy includes a higher risk for memory and mood difficulties.
This in turn leads to impairments in quality of life and an increased risk for death as observed in patients who have frequent seizures failing to respond to treatment.
These observations will contribute to our ability to predict epileptic events define key modulators of brain circuits especially after a brain injury
and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for epileptogenesis says Dr. Musto o
#Researchers use sound to slow down speed up and block light Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have demonstrated experimentally for the first time the phenomenon of Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency (BSIT)
which can be used to slow down speed up and block light in an optical waveguide. The BSIT phenomenon permits light to travel in the forward direction while light traveling in the backward direction is absorbed strongly.
and learning and is implicated in Parkinson's disease. This finding opens up new avenues for research in this disease by giving new clues about the biological mechanisms involved.
and to understanding the basis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as schizophrenia Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.
The discovery could lead to targeted therapies and interventions for Alzheimer's disease, autism and other neurological conditions.
Professor Mahiran said in pharmaceuticals an innovation has produced successfully a drugs delivery method to penetrate the'blood brain barrier'especially for diseases that are associated with the brain such as Alzheimer Parkinson epilepsy and meningitis.
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