One doctor sees another doctor prescribing a drug or ordering a test and she will catch
It s a surprisingly long road from Food and Drug Administration approval of a new drug or technique to doctors actually using the new drug in their practices notes Weiss whose research focuses on how to get doctors to adopt best practices.
While the use of such drugs in humans could be several years away the new discovery gives them a specific target to pursue.
but a drug-based approach would be simpler and could be administered as long as it takes to restore hearing.
#Staph bacteria gang up to outsmart antibiotics Vanderbilt University rightoriginal Studyposted by Leigh Macmillan-Vanderbilt on October 20 2014 Relatively harmless bacteria can turn deadly
One way that Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens can become resistant to antibiotics is to change the way they generate energy
Current studies support the notion that antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains can exchange nutrients with each other
if an infection becomes resistant to antibiotics then the resistant organisms appeared clonally meaning they're all genetically the same.
Next they tested the idea in a mouse model of the bone infection osteomyelitis. Antibiotic-resistant small colony variant S. aureus is the cause of chronic and difficult to treat osteomyelitis and also of lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF.
Our findings show that these antibiotic-resistant infections are not what we thought they were they're not a single strain of bacteria with a single lesion leading to the small colony variant phenotype.
When the drugs go away they start sharing resources again and get even tougher. We're now a little bit smarter about how these organisms are behaving in an infection which
Preventing the nutrient exchange for example may offer a new therapeutic strategy against these antibiotic-resistant organisms The National institutes of health supported the research.
We found a drug that could push this process forward making even more endothelial cells that help form blood vessels.##
The researchers picked one such experimental drug called RITA and used it to treat mice for a few days after cardiac injury.
The drug had dramatic results doubling the number of fibroblasts that turned into endothelial cells.
The researchers want to look for a drug that would activate the promoter for one of PTEN s close relative genes.
Once a patient is diagnosed with cancer caused by a PTEN mutation the patient could take the drug over-express the PTEN bench player gene
and possibly creating cancer-fighting drugs. You have another gene which might be able to step in for the broken gene to keep things normal and that s
#Topical antibiotics may raise pneumonia risk University of Melbourne rightoriginal Studyposted by David Scott-Melbourne on October 13 2014patients in hospital intensive care units have a higher risk of developing pneumonia
when they are treated with topical antibiotics. The findings contradict previously published research that topical antibioticsâ##medication applied to the patient s airwayâ##would decrease pneumonia rates.
However in the control groups of these published clinical trials of topical antibiotics in this patient group the pneumonia rates were as high as 40 percent.
Use of topical antibiotics increases the pneumonia risk in ICU patients by disrupting the balance of bacteria
not only in patients that received these antibiotics but also in control group patients also staying in the ICU.##
###Therefore it appears topical antibiotics used in an effort to prevent pneumonia in the ICU are a hazard
#Drug for parasitic worms fights diabetes in mice Rutgers rightoriginal Studyposted by Rob Forman-Rutgers on October 7 2014a modified form of a drug commonly used to eliminate intestinal parasites may hold the key to battling type
It is also significant that the drug he used is modified a form of a medication that the FDA already approved for human use.
and found an approved drug that does in parasitic worms what we wanted to do in liver cells.##
##The modified form of the medication although itself is not a drug used in humans has an excellent safety profile in other mammalsâ##so very likely it would have a good safety profile in humans too.##
##We didn t know that the drug affects preosteoclasts nor did we understand how important preosteoclasts are in maintaining healthy bones##says study leader Xu Cao professor of orthopedic surgery at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine.##
Previous data including that from early clinical trials in humans indicated that the drug odanacatib decreases bone resorption by hobbling CTSK one of the enzymes used to resorb bone.
What came as a pleasant surprise was that the same drug also increased bone rebuilding.
The drug appears to slow down the maturation of preosteoclasts Cao says lengthening the time they secrete PDGF-BB before becoming osteoclasts
##It is unusual to see a single drug that decreases bone resorption and increases bone rebuilding at the same time##Cao says.##
#Why a deadly drug didn t hurt lab rat livers Scientists believe they ve solved the mystery of why a diabetes drug introduced in 1997 caused fatal liver failure in 63 patients.
Their discovery makes it likely that similar drug-related deaths can be prevented in the future. In 1997 troglitazone was approved for use in the United states as one of the first drugs designed to treat type 2 diabetes.
It was withdrawn from the market in 2000 after 63 people died from liver failure after taking it.
During human trials adverse effects from the drug were characterized as rare and relatively mild. There were some hints at the potential for liver damage
but they weren t enough to prevent approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Rats didn t have a problem handling the drug
and the human trials weren t large enough for the true risk of liver injury to become apparent says Paul Watkins coauthor of the study and professor of medicine and pharmacy at University of North carolina.
He is the director of the Hamner-UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences. Once the drug was given to a larger population that contained patients unable to properly process the drug people started to turn yellow
and die of liver failure. The research team at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy used DILISYM a computer program designed to predict how drugs will affect the liver.
The team combined information about troglitazone with data specific to the human liver generated in the lab of senior author Kim Brouwer a professor at the pharmacy school.
The model also predicted that rats respond differently to the drug than humans a critical insight as animal testing precedes human trials.
It turns out that animals do a poor job predicting human drug-induced liver injury.
Drug-induced liver injury is the most common reason drug-development programs are terminated. It is also the leading cause of regulatory actions that lead to failed
or stalled drug approvals market withdrawals usage restrictions and warnings to physicians Watkins says. Rare liver toxicity is now the major safety concern with new drugs
and can often be detected only after many thousands of patients have received treatment Watkins says. We believe that the application of DILISYM will greatly improve drug safety
while minimizing animal testing and reducing the costs of new medicines. The DILISYM software is the result of the DILI-sim Initiative a partnership between the Hamner-UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences
and fourteen major drug companies that shared data to develop a tool that can predict a drug s risk of injuring the liver.
Kyunghee Yang is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the Hamner Institutes. Paul Watkins is chairman of the DILI-sim Scientific Advisory board.
and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) provide a promising new target for antiviral therapies.
Most antiviral drugs work by deactivating viral proteins but viruses often evolve and become drug resistant.
avoid being destroyed by the body s antiviral response. The findings which appear in PLOS Pathogens provide knowledge that could help researchers treat the disease more effectively.
and infects cells it induces the production and release of interferonsâ proteins that raise the body s antiviral defense mechanisms.
This attaches to proteins in the cell that help in the production of antiviral proteins in response to interferons.
The results could also guide the refinement of blood-thinning drugs which are prescribed to millions to reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke.
and receive clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration. About one micron in diameter the particles were developed originally to be used on the battlefield by wounded soldiers who might self-administer them using a device about the size of a smartphone.
or more such drugs in just the 12 months preceding the survey The results are based on a nationally representative sample of some 1100 students enrolled full time in a 2-or 4-year college in spring 2013.
and narcotic drugs other than heroin with each of these three having about 5 percent of college students reporting any use in the prior 12 months.
The use of narcotic drugs other than heroin like Vicodin and Oxycontin peaked in 2006 with 8. 8 percent of college students indicating any past-year use without medical supervision.
Past-year use of these dangerous drugs by college students has declined since to 5. 4 percent in 2012 where it remained in 2013.
The use of some other illicit drugs by college students also has declined in the past decade including crack cocaine powder cocaine tranquilizers and hallucinogens other than LSD
These drugs include inhalants crack cocaine heroin methamphetamine bath salts GHB and ketamine. In general female college students (who are now in the majority) are less likely to use these drugs than are their male counterparts.
For example 40 percent of college males used marijuana in the past year compared to 33 percent of college females.
They also have quite similar rates of several specific drugs including past-year use of marijuana ecstasy hallucinogens other than LSD and extreme binge drinking.
and they have annual prevalence rates of use for several particularly dangerous drugs that are roughly two to three times as high as rates found among college students.
#Insertable gel for women could deliver HIV drug Researchers have developed a vaginal suppository that loaded with the antiviral drug Tenofovir could help prevent the transmission of HIV and AIDS.
Due to socioeconomic and gender inequities women in some countries and cultures are not always in a position to negotiate regular condom use so a drug-dispersing suppository can protect against transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections during heterosexual intercourse
Women participating in the study at the Sensory Evaluation Center in Penn State s Department of Food science were presented with suppositoriesâ without the drug in a variety of sizes shapes and textures.
Understanding women s perception of the suppository and reasons behind their choices is a critical step in the development of the suppository as a vaginal drug-delivery system.
Zaveri also studied the release of Tenofovir from the suppositories in a simulated vaginal environment to ensure that the drug will be released once inserted in the body even in the presence of semen.
and use different methods to create drug-delivery products but not many focus on the end-user aspect of this she says.
The biomedical use of a food additive a material widely used in the food industry for its gelling thickening and stabilizing properties as a medium for a drug-delivery system is a novel idea
which appears in PLOS ONE Antiviral Research and most recently the July and September issues of Pharmaceutics c
#Drug combo heals wounds fast with less scarring Johns hopkins university rightoriginal Studyposted by Vanessa Mcmains-Johns Hopkins on August 28 2014doctors have stumbled onto a potential new use for two approved medications.
In mice and rats injecting the two drugs in combination speeds the healing of surgical woundsâ#by about one-quarter
##The wound healing potential of the two drugs was discovered incidentally while the researchers were working to prevent rejection of liver transplants.
One of the drugs AMD3100 is used generally to move stem cells from bone marrow to the bloodstream to be harvested
in addition to successfully preventing liver graft rejection in their study the drugs when used together seemed to improve wound healing in animals.
while those that received both drugs healed in nine days a reduction of 25 percent.
Those that received only one drug or the other recorded just a modest one-day improvement in healing time.
The researchers had similar findings in rats though the drug combination worked slightly better reducing healing time by 28 percent compared to saline.
Additionally they found that the wounds in animals that received the drug combination healed with less scar tissue and regrew skinâ##s hair follicles.
Further tests showed that the drugs work synergistically with AMD3100 pushing stem cells from bone marrow into the bloodstream
Though the study tested the drug combination only on surgical excisions the researchers say the beneficial effects also apply to burn injuries
and out of the cell nucleus. The map reveals that the viral protein takes away the host protein s ability to carry an important immune signal into the nucleus. This signal helps activate the immune system s antiviral defenses
and activates the genes for hundreds of proteins involved in antiviral responses##Leung says.####But when VP24 is attached to some of these transporters STAT1 can t get into the nucleus.##The study shows that VP24 s action specifically prevents STAT1 transport.
and other researchers look for drugs to block VP24 and another Ebola protein VP35. The group includes researchers at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai Washington University the University of Texas Southwestern Medical center Howard University and Microbiotix Inc. a Massachussetts biopharmaceutical company Source:
or cesarean whether they had been given antibiotics their ages when stools were sampled and their dietsâ##influenced the pace but not the order of the progression.
by the time they turn four years old, even with therapeutic drugs. Researchers are now beginning to study why SAS is less severe in some dogs while causing severe symptoms in others.
if drugs are counterfeit Counterfeit drugs make up to one-third of the pharmaceutical drug market in some countries.
Fake drugs, which at best contain wrong doses and at worst are toxic, are thought to kill more than 700,000 people each year.
#Fabric dissolves to deliver HIV drug faster Bioengineers have developed a new way to protect women from HIV medicated,
The new method spins the drug into silklike fibers that quickly dissolve when in contact with moisture, releasing higher doses of the drug than possible with other topical materials such as gels or creams
discreet way to protect themselves from HIV infection by inserting the drug-loaded materials into the vagina before sex,
previously found that electrically spun cloth could be dissolved to release drugs. These new results build upon that research,
Oral pills are used in the US for people who are considered at risk for HIV infection,
allowing the drug to dissolve and diffuse into the surrounding tissue. Called microbicides the drugs must be given as a large dose to be effective minutes before sex.
But these topical drugs haven done well in clinical trials, partly because they aren always easy for women to use.
Drugs in film form take at least 15 minutes to fully dissolve in the body, and the volume of gels must be large enough to deliver a full dose
but small enough to prevent leakage. These factors can make microbicides difficult for a woman to use before sex,
researchers says. he effectiveness of an anti-HIV topical drug depends partially on high-enough dosages and quick release,
Ball says. e have achieved higher drug loading in our material such that you wouldn need to insert a large amount of these fibers to deliver enough of the drug to be helpful.
and combined it with a drug, maraviroc, and other agents often used in pharmaceuticals that help a material become more water-soluble
so the researchers looked at different ingredients for the fiber that would allow for the highest concentration of drug with the fastest-possible release in the body.
which nearly 30 percent of the mass was composed of the drug itself. In topical gels
the drug makes up only about three percent of the total mass. By adjusting the ingredients in the fibers,
researchers were able to dissolve the drug in about six minutes, no matter how much drug mass was in the fiber.
which appears in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy l
#Proteins could detox pesticides and sarin gas Scientists are developing a way to prevent brain damage among people exposed to poisonous chemicals found in pesticides and chemical weapons.
#Gel fights breast cancer with fewer side effects A tamoxifen gel applied to the breast may work as well as a pill form of the drug to slow the growth of cancer cells.
Because the drug is absorbed through the skin directly into breast tissue, less of it enters the blood,
and radiation despite the drug effectiveness to prevent DCIS recurrence and to lower the risk of future breast cancer. elivering the drug though a gel,
if proven effective in larger trials, could potentially replace oral tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention and DCIS and encourage many more women to take it,
effective drug concentrations are required in the breast. For these women, high circulating drug levels only cause collateral damage.
The gel minimized exposure to the rest of the body and concentrated the drug in the breast where it is needed. here was very little drug in the bloodstream,
which should avoid potential blood clots as well as an elevated risk for uterine cancer. Women who have completed surgery
or took the oral drug, but the blood levels of 4-OHT were more than five times lower in those who used the gel.
and half the oral drug, which they took daily. The gel application may also be more effective for some women.
These women may not receive full benefits from the pill. The National Cancer Institute of the National institutes of health and BHR Pharma, LLC supported the research
#Cancer drug helps some women get pregnant A new fertility drug, originally developed to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer,
researchers at seven different academic centers recruited 750 couples to compare the long-used fertility drug clomiphene citrate, commonly called clomid, to letrozole.
Because the drugs were administered in the same wayoth were given for a five-day period at the beginning of a woman cyclehe study was blinded double.
Neither the doctor nor the patient knew which drug the patient was receiving. Clomid works by traveling to the brain, where it partially blocks estrogen receptors.
making treatment with either drug affordable. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development branch of the National institutes of health funded the study.
much like your mother may have wrapped a bitter pill around something tasty to get you to swallow it.
Researchers allowed beetle larva to feast on antibiotic-treated leaves and natural leaves and found that on the antibiotic-treated leaves,
the beetles suffered from the plant's anti-herbivore defense, but on the natural leaves the larva gained more weight and thrived.
#Future drugs could entomb malaria parasite Scientists may be able to ntombthe malaria parasite, which would keep it from tapping into resources from surrounding cells and cause its death.
and researchers are working hard to find new drug targets. EAT SHOCKPROTEINS Senior author of the paper published in the journal Nature, Daniel Goldberg,
To their surprise, they stopped all of them. e think this is a very promising target for drug development,
Goldberg says. ee a long way from getting a new drug, but in the short term we may look at screening a variety of compounds to see
Beck notes that researchers at the Burnet Institute neutralized the parasite in a similar fashion by disabling another protein thought to be involved in the passage of proteins through this pore. hat suggests there are multiple components of the process that we may be able to target with drugs
Unlike drugs such as cocaine, which has a specific target in the nervous system, the effects of alcohol on the body are complex
Such a drug could potentially be used to treat alcoholics because it would counteract the intoxicating
#2 drugs work better than 1 to stop cancer A new combination drug dramatically slows tumor growth in mice with few side effects.
Researchers combined two drugs: a COX-2 inhibitor, similar to the one in Celebrex, and another drug that stops blood vessels from forming.
The combined effect is much more potent than using either drug individually at higher doses,
while seh inhibitors preserve antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds. Separate COX and seh inhibitors were previously found to work together in reducing inflammation and neuropathic pain.
the team synthesized the drug (PTUTB), the first combined COX-2/seh inhibitor. They then tested it against human lung and breast tumors, both in vitro and in mice.
They found that the new drug blocked the growth of endothelial cells, which help blood vessels form.
this drug combination could block a number of pathologies, ranging from cardiac hypertrophy to neuropathic pain.
#Oral med wakes up retinal cells so kids can see Tests of a new oral medication show the drug can improve vision in children with an inherited disease that can cause complete blindness
and is currently untreatable. his is the first time that an oral drug has improved the visual function of blind patients with LCA (Leber congenital amaurosis),
The oral drug we tested awakened these cells and allowed patients to see. Ten out of the 14 patients expanded their visual fields;
#Drug cocktail might help diabetics make insulin Combining two different medications could help patients with Type 1 diabetes at least partially regain the ability to produce their own insulin.
a drug initially developed for use in organ transplantation. Then he used a medication called Neulasta,
a drug designed to improve the lives of people with certain forms of cancer, to stimulate the production of new
although our data suggests that cannabis users might be advised to stop using the drug if they are planning to try
or potential antiviral drugs could interfere with this process, Tamm says. ou have these contacts that need to be made to make the clenching of the fist happenf you could find a molecule that throws a wrench into the gears of that mechanism,
and these chemicals cause pain by acting on an equally diverse group of receptors on the surface of pain-sensing neurons. big problem in our field is that it is impractical to block each of these receptors with a mixture of drugs,
they teamed up with Stephen Frye, director of the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy.
but UNC3230 was the strongest with good potential as a drug candidate. The chemical structure of the molecule can be manipulated to potentially turn it into an even better inhibitor of PIP5K1C.
#Will stroke drug kill? MRI predicts with 95%accuracy A new MRI technique predicts with 95 percent accuracy which stroke victims will benefit from a clot-busting drugnd
The drug tpa is given now to patients only within 4. 5 hours of a stroke onset
improving the drug safety and also potentially allowing us to give the drug to patients who currently go untreated,
says study leader Richard Leigh, assistant professor of neurology and radiology at Johns hopkins university School of medicine. Described in the journal Stroke
however, there is already too much damage to the blood-brain barrier and the drug causes bleeding in the brain, severe injury,
But doctors haven known with any precision which patients are likely to suffer a drug-related bleed.
and alleviate pain with electronics instead of drugs. e need to make these devices as small as possible to more easily implant them deep in the body
and drug delivery systems to apply medicines directly to affected areas, Poon says. The work creates the potential to develop lectroceuticaltreatments as alternatives to drug therapies,
says William Newsome, professor of neurobiology and director of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute. Newsome, who was involved not in Poon experiments
The investigators are currently designing a study to correlate pharmacokineticshe time course of drug metabolismith genotype.
and bacterial films, resistant to antibiotics, can colonize the implant itself. To catch infection early without having to resort to invasive measures could lead to faster treatment. his is a very attractive detection mechanism for monitoring the condition of the implant
#Treatment cuts H1n1 flu deaths in mice A new study reveals that a drug that inhibits a molecule called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases survival rates in mice infected with a lethal dose
Despite the worldwide use of vaccination and other antiviral interventions, the flu virus remains a persistent threat to human health.
Divangahi and his team focused on drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, commonly used to manage flu-like symptoms.
and fever. ut since these drugs inhibit all prostanoids, each may contribute differently towards the immunity against influenza virus,
mice treated with a compound that inhibits PGE2 showed enhanced antiviral immunity and produced better survival rates following infection with a lethal dose of the flu virus compared with untreated mice. revious studies produced conflicting results due to the inhibition of all prostanoids
Divangahi says. ur findings suggest that different prostaglandins have different roles in antiviral immunity and that specific inhibition of PGE2 will be an effective therapy against influenza viral infection by boosting immune responses. i
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