electrical devices (pacemakers or defibrillators) or drugs (eg beta blockers. However, these methods are relatively crude: they can stop
Development of an antimalarial vaccine is an integral part of an effort to counter the socioeconomic burden of malaria.
and Ear/Harvard Medical school and Boston University have shown successfully neuroprotection in a Parkinson's mouse model using new techniques to deliver drugs across the naturally impenetrable blood-brain barrier.
lend hope to patients around the world with neurological conditions that are difficult to treat due to a barrier mechanism that prevents approximately 98 percent of drugs from reaching the brain and central nervous system."
"We are developing a platform that may eventually be used to deliver a variety of drugs to the brain,
and histological data capture that their delivery method was equivalent to direct injection of GDNF--the current gold standard for delivering this drug in Parkinson's disease despite its traumatic nature and high complication rates--in diffusing drugs to the brain.
Dr. Bleier saw an opportunity to apply these techniques to the widespread clinical dilemma of delivering drugs across the barrier to the brain and central nervous system.
surgeons may create a"screen door"to allow for drug delivery to the brain and central nervous system. The technique has the potential to benefit a large population of patients with neurodegenerative disorders,
Currently, no durable, long-term right ventricular assist device (RVAD) has received Food and Drug Administration approval,
San diego researchers developed a new computational strategy to search for molecules that could be developed into glioblastoma drugs.
"Most drugs target stable pockets within proteins, so when we started out, people thought it would be impossible to inhibit the transient interface between two transcription factors,
and created a new strategy for drug design--one that we expect many other researchers will immediately begin implementing in the development of drugs that target similar proteins, for the treatment of a variety of diseases."
The most effective of these candidate drug molecules, called SKOG102, shrank human glioblastoma tumors grown in mouse models by an average of 50 percent."
the cells were barely able to take up any of the anticancer drugs.""For a long time, there has indeed been a hypothesis that VRAC plays a decisive role in apoptosis
and cellular resistance to Pt-based anticancer drugs,"has appeared just in the EMBO Journal r
which, Martin notes, has already been approved FDA for drug-delivery applications. They then apply ultralow magnetic fields to individual sections of the composite material--the ceramic fibers immersed in liquid plastic--to align the fibers according to the exacting specifications dictated by the product they are printing."
providing the basic building blocks for other researchers to perform experiments on tissue regeneration and/or for drug screening studies."
they form a biological film over the titanium to protect themselves from antibiotics. Once the implant is colonized by germs,
and during that time they continuously release small quantities of antimicrobial silver ions, which kill bacteria.
the IFAM researchers demonstrated that the Dentaplas coating is not only antimicrobial but also fully biocompatible and sterilizable.
#Simple Test Makes Blood-clot-busting Drug Safer Scientists in China have developed a fluorescent probe to detect both heparin and its major contaminant.
but can lead to severe adverse reactions. 150 deaths between 2004 and 2008 in the US were thought to be a result of drug manufacturers deliberately cutting heparin with OSCS to save money.
a key malaria-drug ingredient that was derived previously from trees (see Reuters story of August 12, 2014, http://reut. rs/1j2ovkj).
Recognising that silver is an effective antimicrobial, Theresa Dankovich from Carnegie mellon University used the idea to launch the concept of a book that could both encourage proper sanitation practices
#Anyone can help with crowdsourcing future antibiotics Wee seen examples of researchers utilizing crowdsourcing to expand their datasets,
Now a pop-up home lab is harnessing the power of citizen scientists to find future antibiotics in their backyards.
to help find solutions to the growing antibiotics resistance crisis. Post/Biotics is a citizen science platform,
knowledge and science network so anyone can support antibiotic development. Participants can test samples of basically anything they find in natural areas
and if their sample has antibacterial properties, their tool will change color. They can then send results,
An open-source library of potential antimicrobials is established then, and users simultaneously benefit from learning how to conduct microbiology experiments.
Post/Biotics are using the power of an unlimited amount of citizen scientists to increase the research potential of antibiotic discovery.
The finding is also significant as currently there is no drug available to prevent the recurrence of tumours in the intestine after the cancerous tumours have been removed by surgery.
since Imatinib is a potentially novel drug for the treatment of tumour formation and cancer progression in patients predisposed to develop colorectal cancer,
#Unusual Chance to Study Patient's Residual Tumor Leads to New Finding Capitalizing on a rare opportunity to thoroughly analyze a tumor from a lung cancer patient who had developed resistance to targeted drug treatment,
In experiments that combined the drug the patient had taken with a second compound that blocks off this newly discovered resistance pathway,
the researchers were able to durably wipe out cancer cells in mice implanted with cells from the drug-resistant tumor. ven in cancers that are responding to targeted therapy by conventional criteria,
As many as 30 percent of patients exhibit so-called primary resistance to EGFR inhibitors, in which the drugs have no detectable effect.
which drug-resistant cells that survive treatment form residual, often lethal, tumors. Understanding the biological basis of acquired resistance has proved difficult,
leaving scientists with few drug-resistant tumors to use in research. But as described in the online edition of Cell Reports on Thursday, April 2, 2015,
or any other mutations known to confer drug resistance. These results suggested that the cells were still potentially susceptible to erlotinib,
The drug effectively inhibited EGFR activity, but the researchers also observed a rapid, 10-fold increase in the activity of a pathway known as NF-KAPPA-B,
An experimental drug known as PBS-1086 directly targets the NF-KAPPA-B pathway, and when the researchers coupled this drug with erlotinib,
the implanted tumors shrank significantly, suggesting that combining a compound like PBS-1086 with erlotinib at the outset of therapy may help to prevent acquired drug resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Combined drug regimens designed to overcome drug resistance at the outset of therapy are now the norm in treating certain forms of melanoma,
said Bivona, and he believes PBS-1086 as a shotto play a similar role in NSCLC. he NF-KAPPA-B pathway is engaged by cells in response to EGFR inhibitors as a way to survive treatment,
if we block that pathway with a novel drug while simultaneously administering the EGFR inhibitor,
In lung cancer patients treated with these drugs, and that a substantial number of patients, this could be a very powerful companion therapy to minimize
Originally discovered as a natural antiviral system in bacteria researchers have hijacked the system over the past few years
and how it relates to disease or response to drug therapies. Gersbach added, ot only can you start to answer those questions,
he findings from the research clearly show the potential of enhancing the growth of brain cells using deep brain stimulation. round 60 per cent of patients do not respond to regular antidepressant treatments
and the Whitehead Institute have discovered a vulnerability of brain cancer cells that could be exploited to develop more-effective drugs against brain tumors.
who are now seeking potential drug compounds that could do just that t
#In first human study, new antibody therapy shows promise in suppressing HIV infection In the first results to emerge from HIV patient trials of a new generation of so-called broadly neutralizing antibodies,
which serve as viral reservoirs inaccessible to current antiretroviral drugs. Most likely 3bnc117, like other anti-retrovirals,
however by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas r
#Brain imaging Explains Reason For good and Poor Language Outcomes in ASD Toddlers Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri), University of California,
Moreover, tumors contain a small portion of cancer stem cells that are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance.
but there are no drugs available that specifically attack cancer stem cells. A Surprising Discovery Now a research team led by investigators at Harvard Medical school and the Cancer Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center
A Different Approach Until now, agents that inhibit Pin1 have been developed mainly through rational drug design. Although these inhibitors have proven active against Pin1 in the test tube
200 chemical compounds, including both approved drugs and other known bioactive compounds. To increase screening success,
such as nutrient intake, efflux of waste or drug, and cell signaling, for instance, between nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. o our knowledge, this is the first transport protein designed from scratch that is,
Things like antimicrobial peptides cause cells to lyse or blow open cells by creating holes in their membranes.
They also added two other drugs that temporarily inhibited key biochemical pathways associated with the pluripotent state of the stem cells.
or for transporting lethal drugs into the cancer cells. Since the protein is not found in all of the cells of our body,
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that mimics
a fuel comparable to gasoline, 25-percent for amorphadiene, a precursor to the antimaleria drug artemisinin,
is the creation of drugs to turn white fat into brown fat through brown fat recruitment. f you think about obesity,
#An electronic micropump to deliver treatments deep within the brain Many potentially efficient drugs have been created to treat neurological disorders,
Drugs constitute the most widely used approach for treating brain disorders. However, many promising drugs failed during clinical testing for several reasons:
they are diluted in potentially toxic solutions, they may themselves be toxic when they reach organs to which they were directed not initially, the blood-brain barrier,
drugs that succeed in penetrating the brain will act in a nonspecific manner, i e. on healthy regions of the brain, altering their functions.
which many drugs could not be commercialised because of their harmful effects, when they might have been effective for treating patients resistant to conventional treatments 1. During an epileptic seizure,
whether these are ions or drugs. When an electrical current is applied to it the flow of electrons generated projects the molecules of interest toward the target area.
in order to activate the pump to inject the drug at just the right moment. It may therefore be possible to control brain activity where
this state-of-the-art technology, combined with existing drugs, offers new opportunities for many brain diseases that remain difficult to treat at this time a
while pain treatment options are limited to opioid-family pharmaceuticals such as morphine. It was while conducting clinical research at the University of California San francisco
A New Direction for Drug Research The startling discovery of TMPRSS2 role in triggering cancer pain may lead to the creation of targeted cancer pain therapies that effectively shut down the expression of this gene
Inhibition of its activity in patients might provide a new form of treatment for cancer pain. ny cancer that is painful before initiating drug treatment we can label the cancer cells for TMPRSS2
#Researchers'"hugely exciting"asthma discovery Cardiff scientists have identified for the first time the potential root cause of asthma and an existing drug that offers a new treatment.
Crucially, the paper highlights the effectiveness of a class of drugs known as calcilytics in manipulating Casr to reverse all symptoms associated with the condition.
Professor Riccardi and her collaborators are now seeking funding to determine the efficacy of calcilytic drugs in treating asthmas that are especially difficult to treat,
and to test these drugs in patients with asthma. Calcilytics were developed first for the treatment of osteoporosis around 15 years ago with the aim of strengthening deteriorating bone by targeting Casr to induce the release of an anabolic hormone.
But this latest breakthrough has provided researchers with the unique opportunity to re-purpose these drugs,
the group aim to be trialling the drugs on humans within two years. f we can prove that calcilytics are administered safe
Antiretroviral drugs can slow the spread of the virus, but it remains hidden dormant in cells and returns when the treatments cease.
but cleaning using disinfectant is no problem, says Brunner. The sensors are stitched either or glued between two layers of fabric,
The antiparasitic drug ivermectin, or IVM, can be used to treat these diseases, but mass public health campaigns to administer the medication have been stalled because of potentially fatal side effects for patients co-infected with Loa loa,
The achievement was made possible by a new generation of drug-containing coating applied to the inner surface of the vessel.
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
The lifetime of such grafts is determined often by the amount of drug stored within the graft
The system, developed by the researchers, is based on the entrapment of the drug inside a porous protective shell,
You just need to take the right kind of drug. For example, after the implantation of an artificial ureter, urease crystals often start to grow inside
It is possible to apply a similar drug-containing coating that dissolves urease. The same approach may be used for kidney or liver surgery
or replacement genes or drugs inside a man-made biodegradable nanoparticle rapperthat patients inhale could penetrate the mucus barrier
patients would experience fewer side effects common to drugs that must be taken regularly over long stretches of time.
Most of the existing drugs for CF help clear infections but do not solve the disease underlying problems.
A couple of recently approved drugs designed to target the underlying cause of CF require daily treatment for the entire lifetime
and explore potential drug targets to help cancer patients p
#How chronic inflammation can lead to cancer Chronic inflammation caused by disease or exposure to dangerous chemicals has long been linked to cancer,
Yount lab has begun using experimental drugs to test this flu prevention strategy in mice. Any possibility for human use is still many years away,
and plans to continue his research in the quickly expanding field. hereas traditional pharmaceutical drugs have a transient effect,
Hydrocodone and its chemical relatives such as morphine and oxycodone are opioids members of a family of painkilling drugs sourced from the opium poppy.
It can take more than a year to produce a batch of medicine, starting from the farms in Australia,
where the active drug molecules are extracted and refined into medicines. hen we started work a decade ago,
or later refined into pills using chemical processes to extract and concentrate their active ingredients. Smolke team is modernizing the process by inserting precisely engineered snippets of DNA into cells, such as yeast,
The materials that pharmaceutical companies use to test drugseffects on cells don allow for three-dimensional vascularization, a network of capillaries that carry drugs and other materials throughout the body.
but also aid in drug screening. he microenvironment actually has a significant effect on how the cells respond to a drug,
Grolman said. hese companies might have the next big drug, but they might not know it. he long-term vision would be:
whether they be targeted drug delivery, electrical stimulation or even light-plus-optogenetics through fiber optics, will all be closed loop.
and Emory University to clamp firing at normal levels during the addition of a drug that inhibits neurotransmission.
They could be used for therapeutic drug screening and to help teach researchers how to grow whole human organs.
and building a model of their tissue to use as a personalized drug screening platform.
#Team develops quick way to determine bacteria antibiotic resistance Bacteria ability to become resistant to antibiotics is a growing issue in health care:
One way to combat this is to determine bacteria antibiotic resistance in a given patient, but that often takes days
ASU scientists have developed a technique that can sort antibiotic-resistant from usceptiblebacteria, and it happens in a matter of minutes.
The ability to quickly judge whether a bacteria is resistant to antibiotics could make a major difference in a patient's treatment.
The ability to quickly judge whether a bacteria is resistant to antibiotics could make a major difference in a patient treatment.
to tell the difference between the two strains (antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible) ofstaphylococcus epidermidis.
After a multi-decade ledgehammerapproach, focused on killing all bacteria via soaps, detergents, antibiotics and hand sanitizers,
One type of adaptation is resistance to antibiotics, and this is becoming a huge and worldwide problem.
antibiotic-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis. Their results have recently been published in the journal Analyst. Photo by:
antibiotic-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis. Their results have recently been published in the journal Analyst. Photo by:
at least 2 million people acquire serious infections with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. At least 23,000 people die as a direct result of these infections,
Antibiotic-resistance adaptation is a natural phenomenon. When an antibiotic is used bacteria that can resist that antibiotic obviously have a greater chance of survival than those that are susceptible,
and so the resistance passes to the next generation. Some of the most notorious antibiotic-resistant strains and species belong to the genus Staphylococcus.
They are classified typically as pathogenic or non-pathogenic based on production of the enzyme coagulase. Staphylococcus epidermidis does not produce coagulase,
and it is generally less invasive than Staphylococcus aureus. In fact, it is a normal and commensal resident of human skin.
By most metrics the antibiotic-resistant and susceptible strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis are phenotypically identical, and thus present a major challenge to traditional analytical separation techniques.
Current clinical approaches to determination of antibiotic resistance often require two or more days to obtain results.
They typically rely upon treating the bacteria with antibiotics, then observing colony growth patterns. The long turnaround times lead to increased reliance upon broad-spectrum antimicrobials and generally lead to suboptimal outcomes for patients (including increased mortality rates.
Scientists in the Hayes group at ASU Department of chemistry and Biochemistry soon to become the School of Molecular Sciences are enabling a handheld,
and Shannon (Huey) Hilton, has separated extremely similar bacteria Gentamicin (antibiotic) resistant and susceptible bacteria. Their results have recently been published in the journal Analyst. he important thing for the patient
potentially improving nearly every figure of merit for diagnostics and antibiotic stewardship o
#acterial Litmus Testprovides Inexpensive Measurement of Micronutrients A bacterium engineered to produce different pigments in response to varying levels of a micronutrient in blood samples could give health officials an inexpensive way to detect nutritional
#New method for modifying natural polymers could help bring lifesaving medications to market In drug-delivery research,
the drug must also be able to safely reach its target. Xiangtao Meng, a fourth-year graduate student in the College of Natural resources and Environment, has developed a new technique to make that easier.
a natural polymer often used for drug delivery. According to Kevin Edgar, a professor of sustainable biomaterials and Meng doctoral adviser, the new method an get drugs to market,
and to patients, that would otherwise fail. Taking medications orally is typically much more practical for patients than methods like intravenous injections
but the bioavailability of a drug the amount that actually reaches the bloodstream often suffers.
a drug taken orally must dissolve in the digestive tract. But many pharmaceutically active compounds tend to crystallize,
That means that patients have to ingest more of a drug to get the therapeutic dose increasing the cost, risk of side effects,
Suspending the drug in a polymer matrix can help. Polymers are long chains of repeating units.
Dispersing a drug in a polymer matrix protects it and suppresses the formation of insoluble crystals.
and releases the drug, allowing it to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Because medications have broadly diverse chemical structures, properties,
finding the right polymer matrix to work well with most drugs involves making and testing many different options.
Cellulose is an attractive material for drug delivery because it nontoxic breaks down into components that are already present in the body,
limiting the number of options for drug delivery. Meng decided to investigate whether he could modify cellulose using a technique called olefin cross-metathesis,
and could be used to make a huge array of potential drug-delivery matrices, but it had never been applied to cellulose.
which he sends to collaborators in a drug-delivery group at Purdue University. The team is currently targeting HIV drugs,
which have notoriously poor solubility. Meng, an ICTAS doctoral scholar from Shandong Province, China, is now working on incorporating another type of chemical reaction that will allow even more versatility like rowing apples and peaches on the same tree,
like the synthesis of antibacterial hydrogels for wound dressing, he said f
#New way to repair nerves: Using exosomes to hijack cell-to-cell communication Regenerative medicine using stem cells is an increasingly promising approach to treat many types of injury.
funding research into a new way to deliver protein-based cancer-fighting drugs and other therapeutics directly into cells.
it also presents a target of a molecular class already well-established to be useful for drug discovery.
Drug development has proven problematic due to the limited understanding of the underlying causes of ASD,
as demonstrated by the recent failure of several much anticipated drug trials. There are also no current, reliable diagnostic biomarkers for ASD.
which impedes diagnosis and, ultimately, drug development. There simply may be too many targets, each with too small an effect.
In the area of drug discovery, scientists at the Center for Autism Research & Translation continue to probe the IP3R channel,
unless a specially designed drug has been administered. This controller drug forms a chemical bridge between components inside the CAR T cells
When the drug is no longer present, the T cells revert to an ffposition. The power of the new system is illustrated vividly in videos taken by the researchers through microscopes.
but only after the controller drug had been administered. Controlling Through Drug Dosagethe drug-based remote control system devised by Lim
and colleagues does more than merely switch CAR T cells between nand ffstates. It can also act like a rheostat:
the dosage of the drug precisely regulates the level of the T cellsimmune activity. These combined control capabilities could be employed to manage the various side effects of CAR T therapy.
By ialing inthe level of immune response using appropriate dosages of the controller drug, doctors may be able to precisely manage these side effects to meet individual patientsneeds.
and drug screening. However, many of these microfluidic devices operate at only a few hundred cells per second,
This method will allow us to see which drug will activate a given gene. An individual cells rely on the same set of genes as instructions for protein production.
For example, they could look for a drug that could change the hypermethylation that has been associated with a specific cancer.
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
#afepay First anti-fraud system to use existing credit card readers From large-scale data breaches such as the 2013 Target case to local schemes that use skimming devices to steal data at the gas pump,
Human cells express Interferon Induced Transmembranes (IFITM) proteins that possess antiviral characteristics. These proteins have been shown to inhibit a number of viruses including influenza A
and their antiviral function. e have understood long that IFITM proteins have antiviral functions, but until now we did not know exactly how the proteins specifically inhibited the transmission of HIVLIU said. ee known that HIV-1,
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
#Self-assembling material that grows and changes shape could lead to artificial arteries Researchers at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) have developed a way of assembling organic molecules into complex tubular tissue-like structures without the use of moulds
or more effective drug screening methods. Alvaro Mata, Director of the Institute of Bioengineering at QMUL and lead author of the paper
#Researchers disguise drugs as platelets to target cancer Researchers have developed for the first time a technique that coats anticancer drugs in membranes made from a patient own platelets,
allowing the drugs to last longer in the body and attack both primary cancer tumors and the circulating tumor cells that can cause a cancer to metastasize.
The work was tested successfully in an animal model. here are two key advantages to using platelet membranes to coat anticancer drugs,
the drug carriers aren identified as foreign objects, so last longer in the bloodstream. his combination of features means that the drugs can
not only attack the main tumor site, but are more likely to find and attach themselves to tumor cells circulating in the bloodstream essentially attacking new tumors before they start,
which are placed then in a solution with a nanoscale gel containing the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox),
so that their surfaces are coated with the anticancer drug TRAIL, which is most effective at attacking the cell membranes of cancer cells.
and TRAIL in the pseudo-platelet drug delivery system was significantly more effective against large tumors
Gu says. nd we think it could be used to deliver other drugs, such as those targeting cardiovascular disease, in
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