Researchers at Stanford used graphene in three different ways to create data storage technology that has the best features of both volatile and nonvolatile silicon chips.
Engineers led by Stanford have demonstrated a way to create memory that combines the stability of flash memory with the speed of RAM.
It has been used in various therapies as a way to remove excess fibrin proteins from the blood to treat thrombosis and as a topical hemostat.
and ensuring that products remain unspoiled during transportation. Using the roll-to-roll technology developed by VTT,
whether the shipment has been opened earlier during transportation. In the ROPAS project, VTT showed that roll-to-roll technology for printing electronics is suited also to the manufacturing of paper-based security tags.
such as common E coli, to produce valuable chemical commodities in an environmentally friendly way. By leveraging their natural metabolic processes,
In this way, they can be thought of as the medium for two-way communication between humans and cells.
"Our team is developing several different ways to make even more custom biosensors, "said Church.""We're trying to control biological processes
and we need new ways to get our hands in at the molecular level-we're now reaching in deeper than we've previously been able to,
Both these effects change the time of flight of an ultrasound wave through a bearing.
The new method is the only way to directly measure the transmitted load through the rolling bearing components.
a 1-100 score that shows a player's overall swing performance and is a simple way to compare
and flaws in structures where safety is critical. he reason transducers are made still this way is mostly historical;
and more secure way to communicate information between wearable electronic devices, providing an improved alternative to existing wireless communication systems,
We're trying to find new ways to communicate information around the human body that use much less power,
and expanding the system to both hands. he combination of muscle activation detection with motion sensors is a new and exciting way of understanding human intent with other applications in addition to enhanced SLR systems,
Today, the most common way to determine the corrosion speed of the rebars in a reinforced concrete structure is based on destructive techniques, for
We wanted to develop a way to detect and remove this kind of contamination, so people are happy to drink water. raditionally,
such as gas chromatography or mass spectroscopy. hese are good ways to detect smell molecules, but they require a large amount of work before the sample is even ready to test,
There also a role for security, for example in drug searches at airports. More fundamentally though, the researcher say it could help them build something that never existed before:
an IMES postdoc and the paper lead author. his is used in many ways, but not so much for detection.
Learning more about such viruses could help scientists find ways to permanently eliminate them. atent HIV provirus is pretty much the final barrier to curing AIDS
and there aren any ways to eradicate it, Slomovic says. While treating diseases using this system is likely many years away,
whether two genes located far from each other on a chromosome fold in such a way that they end up next to each other,
Even for scientists, it has not been easy to find other ways of using them.
less costly way to detect these fibers and to do so at a much earlier stage of their formation than has been possible before--the stage
They exploited the way a liquid crystal responds to a disturbance on its surface. The scientists made a film of a liquid crystal molecule called 5cb,
Then they applied chemicals to the 5cb film that caused the molecules to align in such a way as to block the passage of light.
The team looked at an analysis approach using time-of-flight (TOF) information, which utilises the faster detectors present in modern PET systems to more accurately locate the source of each pair of rays.
#How to build a hypersonic airliner t is a magic aircraftthe pleasure of flying in it is almost a carnal one.
So said Joelle Cornet-Templet, a chief stewardess for Air france, about Concorde: one of the world first supersonic civilian airplanes,
which flew from 1976 to 2003 and became a watchword for travelling in style. This thoroughbred airliner could fly from London to Sydney in 17 hours, three minutes and 45 seconds;
compared to around 22 hours on a Boeing 747. Concorde was the best-known member of an exclusive club of two;
the only other civilian airliner able to break the speed of sound was the Soviet union Tupolev tu-144,
The end of the Concorde and Tupolev airliners left the supersonic market empty. But now, 12 years after the Concorde fleet last flew,
even faster airliners are taking shape in research facilities. One of those designs is by Lapcat-II,
a European-designed aeroplane capable of cruising speeds up to eight times faster than sound (8, 500 km h or 5, 280 mph) taking passengers from Brussels to Sydney in 2 hours and 55 minutes.
At the AIAA Hypersonic Space Plane conference in Glasgow in Scotland in July, a paper submitted by Lapcat-II researchers said their early airliner tests suggested such a design would be greener than current aircraft,
just as safe, and would not cost much more than today long-haul flights. Fuel factor Johan Steelant, a senior research engineer at the European space agency (Esa) and coordinator of Lapcat-II,
with his colleagues, has been testing two prototypes. One is a Mach 5 plane the Lapcat-A2 powered by a precooled air-turbo ramjet;
and a promising Esa-designed Mach 8 plane, also powered by a ramjet engine. A ramjet is an air-breathing jet, with no major moving parts.
The engine's forward motion compresses incoming air travelling at high speed, ramming it into a combustion chamber.
Ramjets can move a plane very fast. But how do you power them? Fuel choice is important,
What more, liquid hydrogen fuel is not highly combustible mid-flight. Although hydrogen can be ignited, the risks of an explosion or fire are lower compared to conventional airline kerosene fuel.
Nasa used the same stuff to power the Space shuttle. f there is leak, the hydrogen is
In Asia, Japan aerospace exploration agency (Jaxa) is also working on a hypersonic airliner called Hytex intended to cross the Pacific ocean in two hours at speeds of Mach 5. Both Lapcat-II
The Hytex turbojet engine has been tested successfully in a flight experiment which simulates speeds up to Mach 1. 8. Hytex uses liquid hydrogen both as a fuel
says Hideyuki Taguchi, leader of Jaxa hypersonic airplane research. Hunger for hydrogen But, deriving hydrogen efficiently is one main factor for high operating costs.
the airfare tickets of a hypersonic trip could drop to about half the price of a business-class ticket.
Even though hydrogen-fuelled airliners would not emit greenhouse-increasing gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur oxides or soot like today subsonic airplanes,
there is another issue. Water vapour produced by hydrogen combustion stays in the stratosphere for a long time and could be a contributing factor to global warming.
And that effect could be worse than the current fleet of long-haul airliners the longer that water vapour remains."
"Lapcat-II also plans for their Mach 8 Esa-variant airliner to fly well above 33 km, hopefully minimising the environmental impact.
when stored as a liquid it needs far less space than gas. f a market for small business jets existed,
this could pave the way, says Steelant. Race for the skies Other companies are already working to make the supersonic business-aviation market a reality.
Airbus has patented just a delta-wing Mach 4. 5 hypersonic design that could be used to create business jets.
Also, they are working with US-based start-up Aerion to make available a fleet of supersonic jets for wealthy clients.
Spike Aerospace, another US company, plans to launch a similar supersonic business passenger plane with internal video screens linked to external cameras instead of windows.
And Lockheed martin has a commercial plane, the N+2, that will travel at Mach 1. 7. There one problem with flying so fast,
European hypersonic jets would fly over the North pole and cross the Bering strait, avoiding populated land.
when a supersonic airplane changes its speed, turns or manoeuvres. In a superboom the ground noise of a sonic boom is two
As the European hypersonic plane will fly higher, its ground shock waves will be spread out and produce a smaller shock wave.
and Boeing to design airplanes that break the sound barrier more quietly. From 2020 to 2025 it may be possible that airplanes could then exceed the sound barrier over populated land without causing a major disturbance.
In Europe, Steelant team tested their 300-seat design albeit a 1: 120 scale model, at speeds of Mach 8 within a wind tunnel.
While the design consumes two times more fuel per second than a Mach 4 plane, it gets to the destination in roughly half the time so the fuel consumed overall during the trip is roughly the same.
When we have a lighter airplane, we have lower fuel consumption and smaller tanks, which makes the vehicle again smaller,
The Jaxa project has studied the potential market for hypersonic airliners travelling at Mach 5 and found a 100-passenger aircraft flying two round trips per day is realistic based on market research.
These passengers would be made up mostly of enthusiastic first-class ticket holders. By 2030 the hypersonic aviation industry could employ over 500,000 people,
according to research by Airbus and the Japan Aircraft Development Corporation. he estimated ticket price for Tokyo to Los angeles is the same as that of an existing first-class seat,
This represents about 10%of the market of passengers willing to pay for these timesaving routes.
Airbus and Aerion aeroplane tests will start in 2019. The European A2 Mach 5 aeroplane may take another 20 years to complete.
The Esa Mach 8 aeroplane might become commercially sustainable sometime in the mid 21st Century.
The Concordes and Tupolevs that paved the way for supersonic air travel in the 1970s now gather dust in museums.
But their legacy may be continued, fast and high above our heads, in the years to come b
The strike price works the other way as well-EDF has to refund the difference if the price of electricity is above £92. 50/Mwh.
paving the way for other power companies to invest in new reactors in the UK, because two new reactors will not be enough
Proponents of net neutrality, who demand that web traffic be treated equally by networks, have criticised already the move.
These complications temper the technique's promise for controlling brain activity in a noninvasive way. Writing in the journal Nature Communications,
"It's important for us to work in a participatory way for the people whose homes its going to be said in
"It's still a way off,"smiles Dr Caleb-Solly, who leads the research.""But our new lab will make it sooner than it was."
the encrypted passwords were said to be almost uncrackable because of the way they were scrambled. But programming changes by the site's developers meant more than a third of the passwords were protected poorly.
The way this scrambles passwords makes it hard to carry out so-called"brute force"attacks that try lots of different word
However, an amateur password cracking group called Cynosure Prime looking through code also stolen from Ashley Madison realised that at some point the site changed the way passwords were stored.
"Cynosure Prime said it was not sure exactly why Ashley Madison's developers had changed the way that it dealt with passwords that introduced the insecure functions.
#Highways and'i-ways':'How Modi wooed Silicon valley It's remarkable, given the strength of the Indian expat community in California,
and competitive spirit that brings success their way.""If an old school friend starts a company in Silicon valley,"one Valley-based Indian tech executive,
said the country needs both highways and"i-ways, "by which he meant fibre internet,
when her girls grow up they will see moving back to India as a career aspiration-in the same way she saw the US as way to a better life e
People produce two different kinds of haemoglobin-the vital molecule that picks up oxygen in the lungs and transports it around the body."
and should be able to transform the way that'age'is used to make medical decisions.
New CRISPR-Cas9 strategy edits genes 2 ways The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been in the limelight mainly as a revolutionary genome engineering tool used to modify specific gene sequences within the vast sea of an organism
This process, called phosphorylation, occurs at sites of broken DNA as a way to mediate interactions between key proteins.
The method could lead to new ways to treat cancer, type 1 diabetes and viral infections as well as facilitating research into T-cell function.'
in this way, T-cells could be manipulated to control cancer or possibly eliminate a tumour entirely. CRISPR/Cas9 involves the identification of specific areas on the DNA.
This test could help us stay a step ahead of cancer by monitoring the way it is changing
'Finding less invasive ways of diagnosing and monitoring cancer is really important and blood samples have emerged as one possible way of gathering crucial information about a patient's disease.'
'He added:''But there is some way to go before this could be developed into a test that doctors could use routinely,
and doing so is never simple. l
#Breakthrough in rare disease that causes growth of second skeleton Scientists have developed a potential antibody treatment for the rare genetic disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), in
""v"and"n")by their images, each letter stylized in different ways or saturated with"noise".
similar to the way human neural cells generate neural electrical signals.""The memory state is stored as a specific concentration profile of defects that can be moved back and forth within the memristor,
"This memristor-based technology relies on a completely different way inspired by biological brain to carry on computation."
Potential applications already exist for this emerging technology, such as medical imaging, the improvement of navigation systems or even for searches based on images rather than on text.
"There are so many potential applications--it definitely gives us a whole new way of thinking, "he said.
while studying the way in which the parasites Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, and Plasmodium, which causes malaria, access vital nutrients from their host cells.
he said. o they have had to evolve ways to get around their own barriers, to gain access to these nutrients.
Similar research into how the related Plasmodium pathogen performs this trick had identified a so-called rotein export complexthat transports encoded proteins from the parasite into its host red blood cell,
and so we went back to look at this longstanding phenomenon of nutrient transport, Gold said. When they added dyes to the host cell,
suggesting that this small-molecule transport function had been restored. ll of this came together to strongly suggest that this protein that is involved in protein export in Plasmodium may also have an additional function in small-molecule transport,
or operated On that way, the researchers could account for the changes, following a surgery or injury, in inflammation-related gene activity over time, independent of the presence or absence of infection.
Similar to the way the lymphatic system clears waste from organs, the glymphatic pathway is where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filters through the brain
or slow down the transport through the system. Maiken Nedergaard, Ph d.,at the University of Rochester, a co-author on the study,
when standardizing future diagnostic imaging procedures to assess CSF-ISF transport in humans and therefor the assessment of the clearance of damaging brain proteins that may contribute to
Results indicated that the level of drugs needed was often two orders of magnitude higher than predictions based on traditional assaid. o there no way to effectively predict, from the 2-D assaid,
however, was on only one way that the enzyme was activated. Miller and Whittington research showed there is actually another avenue for activation. glucokinase The work showed that this new activation mechanism is operational in clinically characterized disease forms of the enzyme.
Allostery is one way in which the function of proteins in the cell are controlled and regulated.
But for Cas9 to do its work, it must first find its way into the cell.
The CRISPR-Cas9 complexes can then free themselves from the nanoclew to make their way to the nucleus
The researchers had to develop a new way of analyzing the results in order to find the new genes.
and points the way to future anticancer approaches, including combination therapies of coiled-coil STAT3 inhibitors in tandem with other agents,
Such knowledge could pave the way for new drugs for a myriad of diseases, including cancer.
The human body has a nifty way of turning its proteins on and off to alter their function and activity in cells:
Jewett said. ere we are finding new ways to leverage this machinery to understand fundamental biological questions, specifically protein phosphorylation.
In this study, identifying a specific gene behind more aggressive forms of acute myeloid leukaemia could give clues for new ways to personalise treatments for select patients.
the sooner we can find new ways to stop it. Somerville et al. Frequent derepression of the mesenchymal transcription factor gene FOXC1 in acute myeloid leukemia.
and that other cell types are unaffected. here was no efficient way of conducting this kind of experiment until now,
but to do so in very precise ways that are only possible since gene-editing technologies became available. nterest in exploring the potential clinical uses of the molecular switch,
that covers conducting airways of lung-tissue. The mucus barrierhich serves as a protector from foreign materials
because they possessed a positive charge that caused them to be tickyand adhere to the negatively charged mucus covering the airways.
this is the first biodegradable gene delivery system that efficiently penetrates the human airway mucus barrier of lung tissue,
The models could provide a more intuitive way for surgeons to assess and prepare for the anatomical idiosyncrasies of individual patients. ur collaborators are convinced that this will make a difference,
Human factors Typically, the way to make an image-segmentation algorithm more precise is to augment it with a generic model of the object to be segmented.
That anatomical consistency could give a segmentation algorithm a way to weed out improbable conclusions about object boundaries.
#A Better Way to See and Study How Two Cells Interact Interactions between brain cells hold the key to healthy brain function and cognition,
But to figure out exactly what going wrong, we needed a better way to study that interface.
Not only would this provide a more accurate way of delivering drugs, but the cages themselves could be used therapeutically. hese packaging systems have always been inert,
and deliver their cargo, they could break down into additional therapeutic agents. We can now design two things into one.
an IMES postdoc and the paper lead author. his is used in many ways, but not so much for detection.
Learning more about such viruses could help scientists find ways to permanently eliminate them. atent HIV provirus is pretty much the final barrier to curing AIDS
and there aren any ways to eradicate it, Slomovic said. While treating diseases using this system is likely many years away,
whether two genes located far from each other on a chromosome fold in such a way that they end up next to each other,
but there are no great ways to tell who can safely skip it. A California company, Genomic Health Inc.
and put them to work in new ways. ature borrowed not just the vitamin, but really the whole enzyme unit,
the authors said. e think of this as a way to have a better in vitro lab model that can maybe reduce animal use,
Cells connect and communicate within a realistic geometry, rather than merely across a flat plane as in a 2-D culture.
It continues and may eventually provide a way of increasing survival from cancer r
#Scientists Grow Old Brain cells from Patientsskin Cells Researchers from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have found a way to create aged brain cells from patientsskin samples for the first time.
Fibroblasts, which are cells in connective tissue, from older people are converted directly into induced neurons. his lets us keep age-related signatures in the cells
it became clear that during the process of reprogramming to create stem cells the cell was rejuvenated also in other ways,
and development of this potential therapy. here are always new ways to treat a disease,
exciting ways that have never been possible before, explains Dr. Camilla Ip, lead author of the study
which is exploring ways to reduce the error rate of the device as well as ensuring that it can work with small samples of DNA o
and paves the way toward new and improved therapies for the disease. The study reveals a new mechanism for the development of fibrosis in skin tissues
Our study points to a new way to target this debilitating disease, said Jamora. By focusing on elastin, the team discovered that the development of fibrosis in skin tissues was linked to a particular molecule:
the way that a child s interconnecting plastic blocks can have different shapes but all snap together.
Perhaps most exciting, this work has opened up an actionable roadmap to a general and automated way to make most small molecules.
for example, be"milk-taxi"."Familiarity is of no use here when participants try to remember this word pair,
potentially providing a new way to develop products for the huge personal care market. QUILL researchers are currently working with a perfume development company to identify a number of product ideas that could eventually be sold in shops.
and I know they will be extremely proud that they have contributed directly to research progress in ways that go beyond traditional financial support
The results are reported in the Journal of Neurotrauma. hese findings tell us we have to look at spinal cord injury in a new way
however, is good reconnaissance a reliable way to obtain real-time data about how well a particular therapy is working for any given patient.
a breakthrough that heralds a faster and potentially less expensive way to produce many different types of plant-based medicines.
Smolke said. e need options to help ensure that the bio-based production of medicinal compounds is developed in the most responsible way.
"We see a way to treat this disease by helping the body protect itself, "he said."
a professor of radiology at Harvard Medical school and director of the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. ut the fact that it did did as well as it is encouraging. here are lots of ways these tools could be beneficial to the research community,
Now, a team of researchers from Oxford and Stony Brook universities has found a way to precisely control these waves-using light.
So, the research team set out to find ways to steer the excitation waves, borrowing tools from the developing field of optogenetics,
"Liquid marbles are a remarkably simply way to culture cells in 3d, "says Dr St john."A droplet of liquid that contains the cells is placed upon a carpet of teflon powder to create a liquid marble
Study Reveals Scientists produce beneficial natural compounds in tomato--industrial scale up potential Scientists at the John Innes Centre have found a way to produce industrial quantities of useful natural compounds efficiently,
Scientists at the John Innes Centre have found a way to produce industrial quantities of useful natural compounds efficiently,
The protein acts a bit like a tap to increase or reduce the production of natural compounds depending on how much of the protein is present.
therefore production of valuable compounds like Resveratrol or Genistein in tomatoes could be a more economical way of producing them than relying on artificial synthesis in a lab
streaming will be the way people enjoy music,"according to Re/code.""We'll continue to collaborate with our streaming partners to expand their businesses,
"Paid downloads have long been the primary way listeners consume music, with downloads overtaking physical sales in the US (by volume) back in 2012.
outlined to Business Insider four major ways that advancements in internet technology could threaten national security.
"Attacks by Iranian hackers have targeted the military, oil and gas, energy and utilities, transportation, airlines, airports, hospitals and aerospace industries, among others,
At Infiltrate, a professional penetration tester for a major company in Silicon valley told Business Insider that the easiest way to infiltrate a client's system is to bait an employee into clicking on an infected link in a seemingly innocuous email.
and, perhaps most worryingly, airplanes and trains. Boisvert told Infiltrate he was concerned initially that a deadly July 2013 train crash in Spain was caused by a hacker (it turned out to be human error.
Nevertheless, his point remains: As transport systems become more hi-tech, they will also become more vulnerable to attack.
When the UK announced early last month that a new hi-tech rail traffic system would soon control all of Britain's trains,
experts worried aloud whether the system could potentially be hacked to cause a serious crash.""We know that the risk of a cyberattack will increase as we continue to roll out digital technology across the network,
And some cybersecurity experts fear that hackers aboard an aircraft could bring down the plane using the onboard Wi-fi many commercial jets now offer to passengers."
"Modern aircraft are connected increasingly to the internet. This interconnectedness can potentially provide unauthorized remote access to aircraft avionics systems,
"the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) said in a statement. Michael B. Kelley contributed to this report
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