#Persuading light to mix it up with matter Researchers at MIT have succeeded in producing and measuring a coupling of photons
which is periodic both in time and space. Victor Galitski, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland who was involved not in this research,
the Sun Jae Professor of Mechanical engineering at MIT. hat pretty much a description of what the ankle is.
when in audio recordings represents every second of speech as a point in a three-dimensional space.
Video courtesy of Stephen Shum E pluribus tresthe result is that for every second of a recording a diarization system would have to search a space with 120000 dimensions which would be prohibitively time-consuming.
The graph would be a diagonal line in a two-dimensional space. Now imagine rotating the axes of the graph
Similarly i-vectors find new axes for describing the information that characterizes speech sounds in the 120000-dimension space.
Birds of a featherfor every second of sound in a recording Shum thus ends up with a single point in a three-dimensional space.
and the spherical representation fits naturally with the 3-D space. It s just kind of a recoding of the features that has more natural properties.
and receive light over a very confined space, Fang says, and could lead to nique optical material that has great potential for optical interconnects.
the switches in the inductor path are flipped. n this technology space, there usually a trend to lower efficiency as the power gets lower,
or exercise-monitoring space. So an alternative is to go to a combination of a battery and a capacitor,
but spreads out to fill a confined space as a gas does. Add oil to supercritical water (SCW) and stir,
and astronomy whose lab led the research. The magnetic graphene acquires new electronic properties so that new quantum phenomena can arise.
First the cell absorbs sunlight which excites electrons in the active layer of the cell.
The collaborating group from Rensselaer Polytechnic institute is led by Diana Borca-Tasciuc, associate professor of mechanical, aerospace and nuclear engineering.
This shows that we can use 3-D printing to create complex electronics including semiconductors said Mcalpine an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering.
and biological materials said Kong a graduate student in mechanical and aerospace engineering. Kong the lead author of the Oct 31 article describing the current work in the journal Nano Letters said that the contact lens project on the other hand involved the printing of active electronics using diverse materials.
Hyoungsoo Kim a postdoctoral research associate and fluid dynamics expert in the mechanical and aerospace engineering department;
Dan Steingart an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and the Andlinger Center helped design and build the new printer
Our approach reduces the cost of nanolithography to the point where it could be done in your garage says Dr. Chih-Hao Chang an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at NC State and senior author of a paper on the work.
When you try to fit the larger boxes into the space for a smaller box it creates an immense strain said Argonne physicist Byeongdu Lee.
because the pressure removes all the space between them. This benzene then becomes highly reactive so that when we release the pressure very slowly an orderly polymerization reaction happens that forms the diamond-core nanothread.
One of our wildest dreams for the nanomaterials we are developing is that they could be used to make the super-strong lightweight cables that would make possible the construction of a space elevator
These spaces are very important for this architecture said Purdue postdoctoral research associate Vinodkumar Etacheri.
#Toward a low-cost'artificial leaf'that produces clean hydrogen fuel For years scientists have been pursuing artificial leaf technology a green approach to making hydrogen fuel that copies plants'ability to convert sunlight into a form of energy they can use.
Peidong Yang Bin Liu and colleagues note that harnessing sunlight to split water and harvest hydrogen is one of the most intriguing ways to achieve clean energy.
Producing hydrogen at low cost from water using the clean energy from the sun would make this form of energy
and exposed to sunlight produces hydrogen gas. The scientists say that the technique could allow their technology to be scaled up at low cost.
With this system we can track the self-assembly of the nanoparticles according to the space accessible to them.
These metals open the application space to areas such as energy harvesting sensing and electrochemical studies. The lift off technique is a method of patterning target materials on the surface of a substrate by using a sacrificial material.
The researchers led by Professor Joel K. W. Yang at A*STAR (the Agency for Science Technology
To demonstrate how these nanopixels could enable high-resolution 3d color microprints the researchers designed a stereoscopic image containing stars on a 2d sheet by overlaying two slightly displaced views of the same image onto the same area.
The other four peaks include Sustainable Earth New Media the East-West knowledge hub and Innovation Asia.
Last spring Fan received a proof-of-concept grant from the Department of energy through the North Central Regional Sun Grant Center to determine
Sun Grant promotes collaboration among researchers from land-grant institutions government agencies and the private sector to develop
#New nanocomposites for aerospace and automotive industries The Center for Research in Advanced Materials (CIMAV) has developed reinforced graphite nanoplatelets seeking to improve the performance of solar cell materials.
this allows us to move into the automotive construction aerospace textile and electronics sectors which are demanding
While they are not nearly as efficient as silicon-based solar cells in collecting sunlight and transforming it into electricity,
The new dye-sensitized solar cells were as much as 20 percent better at converting sunlight into power,
because it slightly enlarges the interlayer space between MXENE flakes allowing ions to penetrate deep into the electrode;
These characteristics mark the trail heads of a variety of paths for research on this nanocomposite material for applications from flexible armor to aerospace components.
#Microtubes create cozy space for neurons to grow and grow fast Tiny, thin microtubes could provide a scaffold for neuron cultures to grow
"These are exactly the types of spaces where they grow in vivo. What was really surprising was how much faster they grew.
Coauthor Eleanor Gillette's modeling shows that the unique design of the nanopore battery is responsible for its success. The space inside the holes is so small that the space they take up all added together would be no more than a grain of sand.
To control their micro-swimmers the researchers integrated tiny rare-earth magnets in the two scallop shells.
These spaces between transistors have been much more challenging and extremely expensive to miniaturize an obstacle that limits the future development of computers.
and reduce carbon dioxide emissions on the earth Shimoi said d
#Physicists set new records for silicon quantum computing Two research teams working in the same laboratories at UNSW Australia have found distinct solutions to a critical challenge that has held back the realisation of super
Over the years scientists have been very successful at making complex 3d shapes from DNA using diverse strategies said Wei Sun a postdoctoral scholar in the Wyss'Molecular Systems Lab
and functionally-relevant materials such as gold and silver Sun said. Just as any expanding material can be shaped inside a mold to take on a defined 3d form the Wyss team set out to grow inorganic particles within the confined hollow spaces of stiff DNA nanostructuresthe concept can be likened to the Japanese method of growing watermelons in glass cubes.
By nurturing watermelon seeds to maturity inside cube-shaped glass boxes Japanese farmers create cube-shaped mature melons that allow for densely-packed shipping and storage of the fruit.
and expanded to fill all existing space within the DNA framework resulting in a cuboid nanoparticle with the same dimensions as its mold. with the length width
from the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leeds and a co-author of the paper.
a Phd student from the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leeds and the lead author of the research paper.
Professor Evans and his team have all of the membrane proteins required to construct a fully working mimic of the way plants capture sunlight.
This has become possible by employing a remarkable physical effect the spin-orbit coupling of light.
"A particle in free space will always emit as much light into one particular direction as it emits into the opposite direction,
The effect is called"spin-orbit-coupling of light"."Coupling Rotation and the Direction of Motion
A group of researchers from the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) of A*STAR has taken the health benefits of green tea to the next level by using one of its ingredients to develop a drug delivery system
or propulsion systems for fist-sized nanosatellites. In the latest issue of the IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical systems Velsquez-Garca his graduate students Eric Heubel and Philip Ponce de Leon and Frances Hill a postdoc in his group describe a new prototype
Higher currents thus promise more-efficient manufacturing and more-nimble satellites. The same prototype also crams 1900 emitters onto a chip that's only a centimeter square quadrupling the array size and emitter density of even the best of its predecessors.
and not a beam of droplets says Herbert Shea an associate professor in the Microsystems for Space technologies Laboratory at the cole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne.
Shea believes that at least in the near term the technology's most promising application is in spacecraft propulsion.
whereas it would take very little effort to use it as propulsion for small spacecraft he says.
The reason you'd like to be in ion mode is to have the most efficient conversion of the mass of the propellant into the momentum of the spacecraft t
It should absorb virtually all wavelengths of light that reach Earth's surface from the sun but not much of the rest of the spectrum since that would increase the energy that is reradiated by the material
and has the additional benefits of absorbing sunlight from a wide range of angles and withstanding extremely high temperatures.
The sunlight's energy is converted first to heat which then causes the material to glow emitting light that can in turn be converted to an electric current.
In order to take maximum advantage of systems that concentrate sunlight using mirrors the material must be capable of surviving unscathed under very high temperatures Chou says.
And since the new material can absorb sunlight efficiently from a wide range of angles Chou says we don't need really solar trackers
In this paper the authors demonstrated in a system designed to withstand high temperatures the engineering of the optical properties of a potential solar thermophotovoltaic absorber to match the sun's spectrum.
HFML researcher Peter Christianen stated'Our chemist colleagues published an article recently about a type of nano rockets#vesicles
if we could steer these rockets with magnetic fields but to our surprise the vesicles opened during those experiments.
Now researchers at A*STAR have used a process known as friction stir processing (see image) to produce an evenly distributed mix of nanosized aluminum oxide (Al2o3) particles in aluminum.
and has exciting potential for the car space and defense industries. Current powder metallurgy or liquid processing methods fail to achieve uniform processing says research leader Junfeng Guo who is from the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology.
Guo J. F. Liu J. Sun C. N. Maleksaeedi S. Bi G. et al. Effects of nano-Al2o3 particle addition on grain structure evolution and mechanical behaviour of friction-stir-processed Al.
#Experts create unique nanoparticles for aerospace industry A development of three universities enables improved thermal and electronic properties on devices with nickel-titanium alloys.
Experts collaborated to produce nanoparticles made of a titanium-nickel alloy used in the development of thermal and electrical sensors that control the operation of high-tech devices such as those used in aerospace,
Hydrogen is virtually everywhere on the planet, but the element is bonded typically with other elements
Researchers have known long that some single-celled organisms use a protein called bacteriorhodopsin (br) to absorb sunlight
If the researchers wanted to power their generators with sunlight, they'd need to improve on that.
Aligned CNTS were intercalated firstly into the interlayer spaces of the layered catalyst embedded with metal nanoparticles (NPS) through a low-temperature (L-T) CVD
acts as a large solar system that can be used to recharge portable electronics and lights for the upcoming night of camping."
calibrated to one Sun illumination (natural sunlight). The measurement itself is conceptually simple:""We're applying an oscillating voltage across the device
"We do this underneath the simulated sunlight. Mathematically, we're looking at the phase shifting of the current out relative to the voltage in."
"Co-authors are Xiaoping Hong, Jonghwan Kim, Su-Fei Shi, Yu Zhang, Chenhao Jin, Yinghui Sun, Sefaattin Tongay, Junqiao Wu and Yanfeng Zhang.
which degrade under exposure to sunlight and can also be difficult to align with imaging sensors.
or reflect it back into free space. The metallic nanostructures use surface plasmons waves of electrons that flow like a fluid across metal surfaces.
what types of lifeforms we might find in extreme environments like space. In addition this research has the potential to inform the creation of living microbial circuits forming the foundation of hybrid biological-synthetic electronic devices.
It's a pitfall that could be important to understand in the development of long-lasting solar cells where sun could provide risky heat into the equation.
on the one hand, electronic components must be accommodated into smaller and smaller spaces. On the other hand, what are known as compound semiconductors are to be embedded into conventional materials.
researchers were able to squeeze light into nanosized spaces, but sustaining the confined energy was challenging
"Halas, the Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer engineering and a professor of biomedical engineering, chemistry, physics and astronomy at Rice, said the potential applications for SECARS include chemical and biological sensing as well as metamaterials research.
This along with poor adhesion prevented their application to critical space and airborne instrumentation. The two year development and test program was completed in December 2013 during
As part of the program qualification to European Cooperation on Space Standardization (ECSS) standards was achieved also.
Stephen Westland professor of color science and technology at Leeds University said in The Independent These new materials they are pretty much as black as we can get almost as close to a black hole as we could imagine.
One example of a use for the material is in telescopes to increase the instruments'ability to see very faint stars.
For example it reduces stray-light improving the ability of sensitive telescopes to see the faintest stars
and allows the use of smaller lighter sources in space-borne black body calibration systems.
Its ultra-low reflectance improves the sensitivity of terrestrial space and airborne instrumentation. The company listed other special characteristics:
How much of the universe is black holes? More information: www. surreynanosystems. com/news/19 9
#Researchers demonstrate novel tunable nanoantennas A research team from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has developed a novel,
or satellites, like replacing one link in a chain given the time-intensiveness of making the new circuits.
The researchers fired pellets of randomly oriented multiwalled carbon nanotubes from a light gas gun built by the Rice lab of materials scientist Enrique Barrera with funding from NASA.
Hypervelocity impact tests are used mostly to simulate the impact of different projectiles on shields spacecraft
and satellites Ozden said. We were investigating possible applications for carbon nanotubes in space when we got this result.
The effect was confirmed through molecular simulations. They showed that when multiwalled tubes impact the target the outer tube flattens hitting the inside tubes
and sequentially the transfer of energy between them occurs exclusively within the intracellular space he says.
and light weightuch as in structures to be deployed in space, where every bit of weight adds significantly to the cost of launch.
Collecting sunlight using these tiny colloidal quantum dots depends on two types of semiconductors: n-type which are rich in electrons;
For the average person this means more sophisticated weather satellites remote controllers satellite communication or pollution detectors.
space-consuming batteries could become a thing of the past. It is possible to further miniaturize the electronic devices
or the space that has been used previously for batteries could be used for other purposes. In the case of launch vehicles
and hold sunlight to drive the chemical reactions involved in water splitting. Semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide are excellent light absorberss is clear from their widespread use in solar panels.
While the overall efficiency of this cell is still low compared to other types about 9 percent of the energy of sunlight is converted to electricity the rate of improvement of this technology is one of the most rapid seen for a solar technology.
and thus boosting their overall efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. Many approaches to creating low-cost large-area flexible and lightweight solar cells suffer from serious limitations such as short operating lifetimes
And of course the laser and its mounting take up a great deal of space. With the new design the illumination will be applied directly over the probe tip at the same place on the sample that is being exposed to the microwave signal.
"This is a problem because empty spaces, such as the thoracic cavity, will also appear dark, possibly leading to incorrect identification of tumour margins."
and internal bleeding contains gadolinium a rare-earth metal. Recently biomedical researchers have found ways to increase the effectiveness of certain contrast agents by associating them with nanoparticles.
or aerospace vehicle if you have to replace them every few years because they go dead."
Just as a glass lens can be used to focus sunlight to a certain spot, these plasmonic nanostructures concentrate incoming light into hotspots on their surface,
Or they say the fiber could be a space-saving power source and serve as energy-carrying wires in medical implants.
He and his printer system are#part of this year's NASA International Space Apps Challenge in Paris proposing to use e waste to make 3-D printers that would print tools to colonize Mars. euronews
#Watch A 3-D Printer Make A Pizza#This summer we heard about a 3-D printer for food developed with NASA funding
#You can see why NASA would be interested in the idea: send up a printer instead of boxes of food
and you save space plus you give the astronauts a home-cooked meal. Also: it's fun to watch.
Kickstarter via IGN Of the space I will be moving in I hope it first allows me to setup my boundries else this thing might have me walk into a wall when visually
if implemented with something like Virtusphere (virtusphere. com) being part of one of those laser-tag/game centers plus it would require a lot less floor space than laser tag
and the cost for compatible games would be way less than the cost for the space.
#Waggling Phallic Scanner 3-D-Maps The Tower Of Pisa In 20 Minutes The Zebedee created by Australia's national space agency is a 3-D scanner
or read more over at the Australian space agency's site. I am sure a great many Popsci readers are thinking this at the same time I'm typing it Attachã this to a drone for remote scouting in 3d!
#The next Space shuttle: Hybrid Engines Make Runway-To-Orbit Missions A Reality A disembodied jet engine attached to a hulking air vent sits in an outdoor test facility at the Culham Science Center in Oxfordshire England.
When the engine screams to life columns of steam billow from the vent giving the impression of an industrial smokestack.
For Bond the engine represents the beginning of the world's first fully reusable spaceship a new kind of craft that promises to do
offer reliable affordable and regular round-trip access to low Earth orbit. Bond and the engineers at Reaction engines the aerospace company he founded with two colleagues in 1989 refer to the future craft as the Skylon.
The vehicle would have a fuselage reminiscent of the Concorde and take off like a conventional airliner accelerate to Mach 5. 2
and blast out of the atmosphere like a rocket. On the return trip Skylon would touch down on the same runway it launched from.
Bond's Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket engine (Sabre) part chemical rocket part jet engine will make Skylon possible.
Sabre has the unique ability to use oxygen in the air rather than from external liquid-oxygen tanks like those on the space shuttle Strapped to a spacecraft engines of this breed would eliminate the need for expendable boosters
which make launching people and things into space slow and expensive. The Skylon could be ready to head back to space within two days of landing says Mark Hempsell future-programs director at Reaction engines.
By comparison the space shuttle which required an external fuel tank and two rocket boosters took about two months to turn around (due to damage incurred during launch and splashdown) and cost $100 million.
Citing Skylon's simplicity Hempsell estimates a mission could cost as little as $10 million. That price would even undercut the $50 million sum that private spaceflight company Spacex plans to charge to launch cargo on its two-stage Falcon 9 rocket.
The engine produces incredible heat as it pushes toward space and heat is a problem.
Hot air is difficult to compress and poor compression in the combustion chamber yields a weak and inefficient engine.
The Skylon concept has impressed also the European space agency (ESA) which audited Reaction engines'designs last year and found no technical impediments to building the craft.
The quest for a single-stage-to-orbit spaceship or SSTO has bedeviled aerospace engineers for decades. Bond's own exploration of the topic began in the early 1980s
when he was a young engineer working with Rolls-royce as part of a team tasked with developing a reusable spacecraft for British aerospace.
That's when he came up with the idea of a hybrid engine. But the team struggled to figure out how to cool the engine at supersonic speeds without adding crippling amounts of weight.
NASA and Lockheed martin meanwhile had their own plans for a fully reusable spacecraft the Venturestar intended as an affordable replacement for the partially reusable space shuttle.
The Venturestar demonstrator called X-33 (which graced the cover of this magazine in 1996) was a squat triangular rocket that would take off vertically
and glide back to Earth just as the shuttle did. Eliminating the expendable rockets needed to boost the shuttle into space could theoretically reduce the cost of launches from $10000 per pound to $1000 per pound.
But by 2001 after sinking more than $1 billion into the project the agency pulled the plug citing repeated technical setbacks and ballooning costs.
because we felt it was better to focus our efforts on other less costly ways to get payloads to orbit says Dan Dumbacher NASA's deputy associate administrator for exploration systems development who spent two years working on the X-33.
Expendable rockets make sense for missions beyond low-Earth orbit. They can haul more cargo and more fuel than single-stage craft.
Rockets also offer reliability on average only one out of 20 launches fail in part because they suffer no wear and tear from repeated use.
Finally rockets come with fewer R&d costs as much of the technology has existed since the 1960s. But for routine missions to the ISS or to park a small observational satellite in orbit affordability becomes a critical consideration.
Spacex CEO Elon musk told an audience at the National Press Club in 2011 that private spaceflights would need to follow a model closer to that of airlines.
If planes were not reusable very few people would fly he said. Spacex plans to make rocket stages reusable
but there are drawbacks to that too: While it is possible to recover rocket stages designing bits
and pieces to survive reentry in good working order adds a level of complexity and cost.
For rocket scientists nothing matters more than weight. Each pound you put into orbit requires about 10 pounds
or so of fuel to get it there says NASA's Dumbacher. The challenge with the SSTO has always been to get the craft as light as possible
and generate as much thrust as possible. Bond estimates that Skylon would weigh about 358 tons at takeoff
and hold enough hydrogen fuel to carry itself and about 16.5 tons of payload about the same capacity as most operational rockets into orbit.
If and when the engine passes flight tests one of Reaction engines'plans is to license the technology to a potential partner in the aerospace industry.
I will see a single stage space plane take off to space and land back on earth.
or space tourism the space industry will explode with so many companies getting into this. There are already a number of them out there.
Truthfully Skylon or SSTO is the only way to make space common. Imagine a fleet of these vehicles whisking payloads to LEO on a daily basis
We could finally start to build a true space presence...moon base lunar orbital base a lunar tether space manufacturing space recreation and ultimately deep space travel.
Setting up shop on Phobos and Deimos Mars Titan Europa...Later on sky cities wafting through the Venusian atmosphere (oxygen is a lifting gas on that planet so technically a simple Nitrogen/Oxygen atmosphere
(which is what we breathe) would be sufficient to provide bouyancy in the atmosphere. An enclosed city will eventually happen.
It all starts with regular SSTO flights. Very awesome breakthrough on heat exchange. This single breakthrough will ripple through a host of applications.
So basically a Ram Air (Oxygen) induction that is super cooled used to ignite/burn rocket/hydrogen fuel.
I am guessing that due to the need for Ram Air at mach 5. 2 that this thing has to stop engine burn at orbit (due to lack of oxygen)
Basically it's a rocket engine that can utilize oxygen out of the air only while it is in air.
The banana shape of the engines is to keep the rocket engines thrusting through the center of gravity
otherwise the air/spacecraft will pitch. So the nozzle angle is purely a function of where the engines are relative to the center of gravity.
No one will fly astronauts/cosmonauts up to the ISS on an unmanned vehicle. Other than that good article.
and why it is hybrid. 2. How does the spacecraft accelerate from zero to Mach 5?
In space? 4. If LOX is an oxidiser for at least part of the flight where is the tank?
you can write me at CARTYWILLIAN3@GMAIL. COM. BILLHIMLYNXWIKIPEDIA answers all of your questions. google SABRE (rocket engine)@ wcarty...
The shuttle program kept us from actual space exploration for 20 years. No lunar missions No Mars missions or asteroid missions except by robots. oh yea...
what does it matter that we have a shiny new toy primarily for the commercial interests who will be building 1 star hotels in near Earth orbit that cost $10000 a day
so you can get bruised up floating around and vomit at a spectacular view of Earth.
We dont need a new suborbital launch system for spy satellites or a taxi service to the ISS.
The Space program should be about exploration beyond Earth. I want craft that can support bases on the Moon flag planting ceremonies on Mars Europa and Titan.
I want to see vehicles that can mine asteroids. Its 2013 and we still havent even dug up that Monolith on the Moon.@
@Oniraptor...NASA and Spacex are doing what you are requesting just a few years down the road.
A cheap launch system is needed desperately for support of deep space missions and other needs. And yes the Space shuttle was a huge drain on resources
but was unfortunately necessary for the completion of the ISS as we were too deep into them both to cancel the programs.
Science that can be done only on the ISS hopefully will pay off and make it all worth the high cost.
SSTO-single stage to orbit. I'm sorry but this configuration is too absurd to even comment On it keeps popping up on the net for reasons that
so light for its size it will not get as hot as other re-entry vehicles like the space shuttle (1100k vs 2000k).
me that this could be the perfect example for international cooperation in space (it already is as ESA is already looking more aggressively into it).
It is time for NASA to quit the Senate Launch System and focusing on the future of space transportationâ#Replace those two flags in the picture with the NASA/ESA emblems representing a true international space endeavor.
I say the engine need to be able to work in both air and vacuumto save liquid oxygen weight.@
@lreyna...NASA involvement would probably be welcome however this craft and NASA's deep space capsule have two entirely different missions cheers.
There was NO discussion or mention on the limit and size of carry on bags...Another fake research program to cover for the real space program.
The one that cooperates with the reptilians. could be just a rumor. Skylon is a very neat piece of engineering.
It still won't get the cost down far enough for power satellites to make economic sense.
And this you might want to look at just for the eye candy of a second generation Skylon using laser heated hydrogen to get into orbit. http://nextbigfuture. com/2013/09/propulsion-lasers-for-large-scale. html One error in this article
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