Experts collaborated to produce nanoparticles made of a titanium-nickel alloy used in the development of thermal and electrical sensors that control the operation of high-tech devices such as those used in aerospace,
Meanwhile, the team at the UANL manufactured nanoparticles used in the sensors, and after a series of tests confirmed the effectiveness of the titanium-nickel as an electrical and thermal conductor.
the sensor stops dilating and enters a paused state; minutes later, when its temperature and size return to normal it activates again to control the operation of valves,
Besides generating nanoparticles for sensors, another goal of this proyect is to train high level human resources in the areas of metallurgy alloys with shape memory,
a special machine in which the sensors are located between two points of electrical contacts, electric power is applied
#Scientists grow a new challenger to graphene A team of researchers from the University of Southampton's Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) has developed a new way to fabricate a potential challenger to graphene.
Graphene a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice is increasingly being used in new electronic and mechanical applications such as transistors switches
and related materials rather than just microscopic flakes as previously was the case greatly expands their promise for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications.
The scientists would also like to integrate their photonic biodetector into optical microchips for use in clinical diagnostics s
The ability to mechanically control photon movement as opposed to controlling them with expensive and cumbersome optoelectronic devices could represent a significant advance in technology said Huan Li the lead author of the paper.
and consume less power than traditional integrated circuits. Explore further: Breakthrough in light sources for new quantum technology More information:
and hydrogen by combining these proteins with titanium dioxide and platinum and then exposing them to ultraviolet light.
titanium dioxide only reacts in the presence of ultraviolet light, which makes up a mere four percent of the total solar spectrum.
and connect with the titanium dioxide catalyst: in short, a material like graphene. Graphene is a super strong, super light, near totally transparent sheet of carbon atoms and one of the best conductors of electricity ever discovered.
Electrons from this reaction are transmitted to the titanium dioxide on which these two materials are anchored, making the titanium dioxide sensitive to visible light.
Simultaneously, light from the green end of the solar spectrum triggers the br protein to begin pumping protons along its membrane.
which sit on top of the titanium dioxide. Hydrogen is produced by the interaction of the protons and electrons as they converge on the platinum.
The researchers then patterned graphene devices using semiconductor processing techniques before attaching a number of bioreceptor molecules to the graphene devices.
When 8-OHDG attached to the bioreceptor molecules on the sensor there was a notable difference in the graphene channel resistance
Now that we've created the first proof-of-concept biosensor using epitaxial graphene we will look to investigate a range of different biomarkers associated with different diseases and conditions as well as detecting a number of different biomarkers on the same chip.
and supercapacitors An official of a materials technology and manufacturing startup based on a Purdue University innovation says his company is addressing the challenge of scaling graphene production for commercial applications.
Our graphene electrodes are created using a roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition process and then they are combined with other materials utilizing a different roll-to-roll process he said.
We can give the same foundational graphene electrodes entirely different properties utilizing standard or custom materials that we are developing for our own commercial products.
In essence what we've done is developed scalable graphene electrodes that are foundational pieces and can be customized easily to unique customer applications.
biosensors and supercapacitors. Johnson said the company's first-generation glucose monitoring technology could impact the use of traditional testing systems like lancets
Supercapacitors are Bluevine Graphene Industries'second application under development for its Folium graphene. Johnson said the company's graphene supercapacitors are reaching the energy density of lithium-ion batteries without a similar energy fade over time.
Our graphene-based supercapacitors charge in just a fraction of the time needed to charge lithium-ion batteries.
There are many consumer industrial and military applications he said. Wouldn't it be great if mobile phones could be recharged fully in only a matter of minutes
and supercapacitor applications he said. Explore further: Graphene reinvents the futur t
#Nanoribbon film keeps glass ice-free: Team refines deicing film that allows radio frequencies to pass Rice university scientists who created a deicing film for radar domes have refined now the technology to work as a transparent coating for glass.
but can be used to coat glass and plastic as well as radar domes and antennas. In the previous process the nanoribbons were mixed with polyurethane
He said nanoribbon films also open a path toward embedding electronic circuits in glass that are both optically and RF transparent a
#For electronics beyond silicon a new contender emerges Silicon has few serious competitors as the material of choice in the electronics industry.
Yet transistors, the switchable valves that control the flow of electrons in a circuit, cannot simply keep shrinking to meet the needs of powerful, compact devices;
it would be easy to integrate them into existing electronic devices and fabrication methods. The discovery, published in Nature Communications,
therefore firmly establishes correlated oxides as promising semiconductors for future three-dimensional integrated circuits as well as for adaptive, tunable photonic devices.
Challenging silicon Although electronics manufacturers continue to pack greater speed and functionality into smaller packages the performance of silicon-based components will soon hit a wall."
"Traditional silicon transistors have fundamental scaling limitations, "says Ramanathan.""If you shrink them beyond a certain minimum feature size,
"Yet silicon transistors are hard to beat, with an on/off ratio of at least 10 4 required for practical use."
But Ramanathan and his team have crafted a new transistor, made primarily of an oxide called samarium nickelate,
that in practical operation achieves an on/off ratio of greater than 10 5hat is, comparable to state-of-the-art silicon transistors.
"Our orbital transistor could really push the frontiers of this field and say, you know what?
which is a foundational step in the use of any semiconductor, "says Ramanathan. Doping is the process of introducing different atoms into the crystal structure of a material,
The Harvard team manipulated the band gap, the energy barrier to electron flow.""By a certain choice of dopantsn this case, hydrogen or lithiume can widen
or narrow the band gap in this material, deterministically moving electrons in and out of their orbitals,
That's a fundamentally different approach than is used in other semiconductors. The traditional method changes the energy level to meet the target;
In this orbital transistor, protons and electrons move in or out of the samarium nickelate when an electric field is applied, regardless of temperature,
so the device can be operated in the same conditions as conventional electronics. It is solid-state,
but in principle it's highly compatible with traditional electronic devices.""Quantum materials Unlike silicon, samarium nickelate and other correlated oxides are quantum materials,
Similarly, samarium nickelate is likely to catch the attention of applied physicists developing photonic and optoelectronic devices."
"Opening and closing the band gap means you can now manipulate the ways in which electromagnetic radiation interacts with your material,
aim to develop an entirely new class of quantum electronic devices and systems that will transform signal processing and computation.
when transistors were invented newly and physicists were still making sense of them.""We are basically in that era for these new quantum materials,
In these highly efficient devices individual molecules would take on the roles currently played by comparatively-bulky wires resistors and transistors.
A team of researchers from five Japanese and Taiwanese universities has identified a potential candidate for use in small-scale electronics:
Picene's sister molecule pentacene has been studied widely because of its high carrier mobilityts ability to quickly transmit electrons a critical property for nanoscale electronics.
To test picene's properties when juxtaposed with a metal as it would be in an electronic device the researchers deposited a single layer of picene molecules onto a piece of silver.
According to Hasegawa picene's weak interactions with the silver allow it to deposit directly on the surface without a stabilizing layer of molecules between a quality he said is essential for achieving high-quality contact with metal electrodes.
#Study sheds new light on why batteries go bad A comprehensive look at how tiny particles in a lithium ion battery electrode behave shows that rapid-charging the battery
They also suggest that scientists may be able to modify electrodes or change the way batteries are charged to promote more uniform charging
The fine detail of what happens in an electrode during charging and discharging is just one of many factors that determine battery life
and graphite electrodes used in today's commercial lithium ion batteries and in about half of those under development.
The team included collaborators from Massachusetts institute of technology Sandia National Laboratories Samsung Advanced Institute of technology America and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
and shrinking of the negative and positive electrodes as they absorb and release ions from the electrolyte during charging
For this study scientists looked at a positive electrode made of billions of nanoparticles of lithium iron phosphate.
Then they cut the electrode into extremely thin slices and took them to Berkeley Lab for examination with intense X-rays from the Advanced Light source synchrotron a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
We were able to look at thousands of electrode nanoparticles at a time and get snapshots of them at different stages during charging
This suggests that scientists may be able to tweak the electrode material or the process to get faster rates of charging
Li said the group has also been working with industry to see how these findings might apply in the transportation and consumer electronics sectors.
It is expected highly that the N-ACNT/G sandwiches hold various potential applications in the area of nanocomposite energy storage environmental protection electronic device as well as healthcare because of their robust hierarchical structure 3d electron transfer
That structure can then be coated with a thin layer of just about any kind of material metal, an alloy, a glass, a semiconductor, etc.
#'Human touch'nanoparticle sensor could improve breast cancer detection (Phys. org) niversity of Nebraska-Lincoln scientists have developed a nanoparticle-based device that emulates human touch
In a newly published article in the journal ACS Advanced Materials & Interfaces, researchers Ravi Saraf and Chieu Van Nguyen describe a thin-film sensor that can detect tumors too small and deep
The film, just one-60th the thickness of a human hair, is a sort of"electronic skin"able to sense texture and relative stiffness.
an advancement that could enable electronic devices to function with very little energy. The process involves passing electrons through a quantum well to cool them
which consists of a sequential array of a source electrode, a quantum well, a tunneling barrier, a quantum dot,
and a drain electrode to suppress electron excitation and to make electrons cold. Cold electrons promise a new type of transistor that can operate at extremely low energy consumption."
"Implementing our findings to fabricating energy-efficient transistors is currently under way,"Koh added. Khosrow Behbehani, dean of the UT Arlington College of Engineering, said this research is representative of the University's role in fostering innovations that benefit the society,
such as creating energy-efficient green technologies for current and future generations.""Dr. Koh and his research team are developing real-world solutions to a critical global challenge of utilizing the energy efficiently
"When implemented in transistors, these research findings could potentially reduce energy consumption of electronic devices by more than 10 times compared to the present technology,
"Varshney said.""Personal electronic devices such as smart phones, ipads, etc. can last much longer before recharging."
"In addition to potential commercial applications, there are many military uses for the technology. Batteries weigh a lot, and less power consumption means reducing the battery weight of electronic equipment that soldiers are carrying,
which will enhance their combat capability. Other potential military applications include electronics for remote sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles and high-capacity computing in remote operations.
Future research could include identifying key elements that will allow electrons to be cooled even further.
and high charge-carrier mobility, promises to be a revolutionary material for making next-generation high-speed transistors.
For example, recent works have demonstrated that the bandgap of armchair GNRS is controlled by the ribbon width.
Besides its applications in circuitry and sensors graphene is of interest as a super-strong coating.
#Doped graphene nanoribbons with potential Graphene is a semiconductor when prepared as an ultra-narrow ribbon although the material is actually a conductive material.
This requires the presence of a so-called bandgap which enables semiconductors to be in an insulating state.
The problem however is that the bandgap in graphene is extremely small. Empa researchers from the nanotech@surfaces laboratory thus developed a method some time ago to synthesise a form of graphene with larger bandgaps by allowing ultra-narrow graphene nanoribbons to grow via molecular self-assembly.
Graphene nanoribbons made of differently doped segmentsthe researchers led by Roman Fasel have achieved now a new milestone by allowing graphene nanoribbons consisting of differently doped subsegments to grow.
Instead of always using the same pure carbon molecules they used additionally doped molecules molecules provided with foreign atoms in precisely defined positions in this case nitrogen.
and negative charges across different regions of the semiconductor crystal thereby creating the basic structure allowing the development of many components used in the semiconductor industry.
Transferring graphene nanoribbons onto other substratesin addition the scientists have solved another key issue for the integration of graphene nanotechnology into conventional semiconductor industry:
Graphene is thus increasingly emerging as an interesting semiconductor material and a welcome addition to the omnipresent silicon.
The semiconducting graphene nanoribbons are particularly attractive as they allow smaller and thus more energy efficient and faster electronic components than silicon.
However the generalized use of graphene nanoribbons in the electronics sector is anticipated not in the near future due in part to scaling issues
and in part to the difficulty of replacing well-established conventional silicon-based electronics. Fasel estimates that it may still take about 10 to 15 years before the first electronic switch made of graphene nanoribbons can be used in a product.
#Ultra-thin high-speed detector captures unprecedented range of light waves New research at the University of Maryland could lead to a generation of light detectors that can see below the surface of bodies walls and other objects.
Using the special properties of graphene a two-dimensional form of carbon that is only one atom thick a prototype detector is able to see an extraordinarily broad band of wavelengths.
A research paper about the new detector was published Sunday September 07 2014 in Nature Nanotechnology.
Lead author Xinghan Cai a University of Maryland physics graduate student said a detector like the researchers'prototype could find applications in emerging terahertz fields such as mobile communications medical imaging chemical sensing
however in part because it is difficult to detect light waves in this Range in order to maintain sensitivity most detectors need to be kept extremely cold around 4 Kelvin or-452 degrees Fahrenheit.
Existing detectors that work at room temperature are bulky slow and prohibitively expensive. The new room temperature detector developed by the University of Maryland team
and colleagues at the U s. Naval Research Lab and Monash University Australia gets around these problems by using graphene a single layer of interconnected carbon atoms.
Using a new operating principle called the hot-electron photothermoelectric effect the research team created a device that is as sensitive as any existing room temperature detector in the terahertz range
Graphene a sheet of pure carbon only one atom thick is suited uniquely to use in a terahertz detector
The concept behind the detector is simple says University of Maryland Physics Professor Dennis Drew.
The speed and sensitivity of the room temperature detector presented in this research opens the door to future discoveries in this in-between zone.
#First graphene-based flexible display produced A flexible display incorporating graphene in its pixels'electronics has been demonstrated successfully by the Cambridge Graphene Centre and Plastic Logic,
the first time graphene has been used in a transistor-based flexible device. The partnership between the two organisations combines the graphene expertise of the Cambridge Graphene Centre (CGC),
with the transistor and display processing steps that Plastic Logic has developed already for flexible electronics.
and is a first step towards the wider implementation of graphene and graphene-like materials into flexible electronics.
and has the potential to revolutionise industries from healthcare to electronics. The new prototype is an active matrix electrophoretic display,
similar to the screens used in today's e readers, except it is made of flexible plastic instead of Glass in contrast to conventional displays, the pixel electronics,
or backplane, of this display includes a solution-processed graphene electrode, which replaces the sputtered metal electrode layer within Plastic Logic's conventional devices,
bringing product and process benefits. Graphene is more flexible than conventional ceramic alternatives like indium-tin oxide (ITO) and more transparent than metal films.
The ultra-flexible graphene layer may enable a wide range of products including foldable electronics. Graphene can also be processed from solution bringing inherent benefits of using more efficient printed
and roll-to-roll manufacturing approaches. The new 150 pixel per inch (150 ppi) backplane was made at low temperatures (less than 100°C) using Plastic Logic's Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) technology.
The graphene electrode was deposited from solution and subsequently patterned with micron-scale features to complete the backplane.
For this prototype, the backplane was combined with an electrophoretic imaging film to create an ultra-low power and durable display.
Future demonstrations may incorporate liquid crystal (LCD) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED) technology to achieve full colour and video functionality.
Lightweight flexible active-matrix backplanes may also be used for sensors with novel digital medical imaging and gesture recognition applications already in development."
"We are happy to see our collaboration with Plastic Logic resulting in the first graphene-based electrophoretic display exploiting graphene in its pixels'electronics,
"said Professor Andrea Ferrari, Director of the Cambridge Graphene Centre.""This is a significant step forward to enable fully wearable and flexible devices.
which will soon enable a new generation of ultra-flexible and even foldable electronics"This joint effort between Plastic Logic
#Team develops ultra sensitive biosensor from molybdenite semiconductor Move over graphene. An atomically thin two-dimensional ultrasensitive semiconductor material for biosensing developed by researchers at UC Santa barbara promises to push the boundaries of biosensing technology in many fields from health care to environmental protection to forensic industries.
Based on molybdenum disulfide or molybdenite (Mos2) the biosensor materialsed commonly as a dry lubricanturpasses graphene's already high sensitivity offers better scalability
The key according to UCSB professor of electrical and computer engineering Kaustav Banerjee who led this research is Mos2's band gap the characteristic of a material that determines its electrical conductivity.
Semiconductor materials have a small but nonzero band gap and can be switched between conductive and insulated states controllably.
The larger the band gap the better its ability to switch states and to insulate leakage current in an insulated state.
Mos2's wide band gap allows current to travel but also prevents leakage and results in more sensitive and accurate readings.
While graphene has attracted wide interest as a biosensor due to its two-dimensional nature that allows excellent electrostatic control of the transistor channel by the gate
and high surface-to-volume ratio the sensitivity of a graphene field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor is restricted fundamentally by the zero band gap of graphene that results in increased leakage current leading to reduced sensitivity explained Banerjee
who is also the director of the Nanoelectronics Research Lab at UCSB. Graphene has been used among other things to design FETSEVICES that regulate the flow of electrons through a channel via a vertical electric field directed into the channel by a terminal called a gate.
In digital electronics these transistors control the flow of electricity throughout an integrated circuit and allow for amplification and switching.
In the realm of biosensing the physical gate is removed and the current in the channel is modulated by the binding between embedded receptor molecules and the charged target biomolecules to
despite graphene's excellent characteristics its performance is limited by its zero band gap. Electrons travel freely across a graphene FETENCE it cannot be switched offhich in this case results in current leakages and higher potential for inaccuracies.
or by introducing defects in the graphene layerr using bilayer graphene stacked in a certain pattern that allows band gap opening upon application of a vertical electric fieldor better control and detection of current.
Enter Mos2 a material already making waves in the semiconductor world for the similarities it shares with graphene including its atomically thin hexagonal structure and planar nature as well as
act like a semiconductor. Monolayer or few-layer Mos2 have a key advantage over graphene for designing an FET biosensor:
They have a relatively large and uniform band gap (1. 2-1. 8 ev depending on the number of layers) that significantly reduces the leakage current
and at the same time possess band gap they are not suitable for low-cost mass production due to their process complexities she said.
great electrostatics due to their ultra-thin body scalability (due to large band gap) as well as patternability due to their planar nature that is essential for high-volume manufacturing said Banerjee.
An Mos2-based ph sensor achieving sensitivity as high as 713 for a ph change by one unit
At present the scientific community worldwide is actively seeking practical applications of 2d semiconductor materials such as Mos2 nanosheets.
New rapid synthesis developed for bilayer graphene and high-performance transistors More information: ACS Nano pubs. acs. org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn500914 i
and light along the same tiny wire a finding that could be a step towards building computer chips capable of transporting digital information at the speed of light.
and atomically thin material that can be exploited for nanophotonic integrated circuits said Nick Vamivakas assistant professor of quantum optics and quantum physics at the University of Rochester and senior author of the paper.
because devices that focus light cannot be miniaturized nearly as well as electronic circuits said Goodfellow. The new results hold promise for guiding the transmission of light
In bulk Mos2 electrons and photons interact as they would in traditional semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide.
The key to Mos2's desirable photonic properties is in the structure of its energy band gap.
As the material's layer count decreases it transitions from an indirect to direct band gap
because it has no band gap. Combining electronics and photonics on the same integrated circuits could drastically improve the performance and efficiency of mobile technology.
The researchers say the next step is to demonstrate their primitive circuit with light emitting diodes.
Explore further: Scientists probe the next generation of 2-D materials More information: K. Goodfellow R. Beams C. Chakraborty L. Novotny A n. Vamivakas Integrated nanophotonics based on nanowire plasmons and atomically-thin material Optica Vol. 1 Issue
Scientists from NIST's Physical Measurement Laboratory, led by the Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division's David Gundlach and Curt Richter,
and how long does it take to get the photogenerated charge through the semiconductor mixture to the electrodes?
which use inexpensive organic semiconductor materials sandwiched between two metal electrodes. OP devices can be made flexible and easily portable.
acts as a large solar system that can be used to recharge portable electronics and lights for the upcoming night of camping."
and carrier concentrations with an accurate nanoscale picture of the semiconductor film's microstructure really gives a complete picture of how the device operates and
"And since the physical process governing organic photovoltaics is very similar to other organic semiconductors (organic light-emitting diodes, for example,
"A lot of the understanding being developed here can also be applied to make better organic light emitting diodes, "Richter explains.
The 100 nm thick device has a three-layer structure top semitransparent electrode, the organic photovoltaic,
For the impedance spectroscopy measurements, the sample was installed beneath an LED broadband white light, calibrated to one Sun illumination (natural sunlight).
#Electron microscopes take first measurements of nanoscale chemistry in action (Phys. org) Scientists'underwater cameras got a boost this summer from the Electron microscopy Center at the U s. Department of energy's Argonne National Laboratory.
Electron microscopes are prized a tool in a scientist's toolbox because they can see far smaller structures than regular light or X-ray microscopes.
Zaluzec and his collaborators reworked the staging of the transmission electron microscope so that the specialized detectors could take a clearer look at the sample.
With this innovation the team was finally able to obtain images as well as simultaneous chemical maps of where different elements are located in the sample.
In the current work Graphene based photodetectors were integrated in a conventional silicon photonic platform designed for future on-chip applications in the area of ultrafast data communication.
but also demonstrate for the first time that Graphene based photodetectors surpass comparable detectors based on conventional materials concerning maximal data rates.
and chemists itching with excitement mesmerised by the possibilities starting to take shape from flexible electronics embedded into clothing to biomedicine (imagine synthetic nerve cells) vastly superior forms of energy storage (tiny
One is a graphene gel that works as a supercapacitor electrode and the second is a 3-D porous graphene foam.
The graphene gel provides the same functionality as porous carbon a material currently sourced from coconut husks for use in supercapacitors and other energy conversion and storage technologies but with vastly enhanced performance.
Supercapacitors have an expanding range of applications as their capabilities increase from powering computer memory backup to powering electric vehicles.
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