a Wifly module for high-bandwidth telemetry, and a low-latency, frequency-hopping 2. 4 GHZ radio link that receives the control commands from the ground station.
Robbe Mini Wing RC styrofoam airframe Electronics: Pixhawk PX4 Flight Management Unit Battery: Thunder Power RC G6 Pro Lite 25c Lipo 350mah 2s Motors:
The team then used a drug in the mice with cancer that fools this oxygen sensor into behaving
or microchips but by using genetically engineered viruses. This achievement in coupling quantum research and genetic manipulation, described this week in the journal Nature Materials,
and can therefore offer much greater bandwidth. However, there are numerous technical challenges to solve before terahertz wireless can become a reality.
"The terahertz multiplexing system developed by the researchers uses a"leaky wave antenna, "which has"two metal plates placed in parallel to form a waveguide,"according to information from the university."
"One of the plates has a small slit in it. As terahertz waves travel down the waveguide, some of the radiation leaks out of the slit.
It turns out that terahertz waves leak out a different angles depending on their frequency.""Each frequency can carry a separate data stream,
and the data receiver at the other end could pick up an individual stream by accepting radiation at a specific angle.
"Frequency-Division Multiplexing in the Terahertz Range Using a Leaky-Wave Antenna,"in Nature Photonics on September 14.
implanted an array of small electrodes into the region of the brain that controls movement in a woman who is paralyzed.
The electrodes communicated electrical activity from the brain's motor cortex via wires, to a prosthetic arm that the woman was able to move through a wide range of motions.
They implanted an electrode array in both his motor cortex and sensory cortex, the brain region that recognizes tactile sensations such as texture and pressure.
and sensors in the hand also conveyed information, via another set of wires, back to the array in the sensory cortex.
Bensmaia did preliminary research for Sanchez's team on how to make the electrode array work in the sensory cortex."
touch sensors may also be able to convey temperature and texture, he added. Although the current demonstration is the first of a prosthetic hand directly communicating with the brain,
other researchers have demonstrated that they can send messages from sensors in the prosthetic hand to electrodes implanted in nerves in the arm that then communicate with the brain."(
The idea of implanting an electrode array into the brain to either control or receive signals from a prosthetic limb is big step forward,
"The biggest challenge, once you put that electrode into the brain, you develop scarring around the electrode,
and that makes it increasingly difficult to pick up the signals it needs to pick up, "Cederna said.
Researchers are working hard to develop electrode arrays that work for longer periods of time,
Currently electrode arrays in the motor cortex only work for a few years, although arrays in the sensory cortex appear to be more stable, he added d
The social network said Monday that it is adding a new mobile"shopping"tab where you can buy clothes, electronics and other items without ever leaving Facebook's confines.
and sensors work as theye supposed to on this new vehicle.""The Google car uses the same technology as its fleet of Lexus SUVS
It called FRED, for Field-Ready Electrochemical Detector, and it involves genetically engineered bacteria capable of sensing a variety of waterborne contaminants
A detector reads the response from the bacteria and after the reading is complete, a process that takes just one to two minutes,
For patients with significant motor impairments, BMI tech allows the use of artificial limbs by way of electrodes connected to the brain.
Scientists wired electrodes into the 28-year-old patient's sensory cortex, which is the part of the brain that identifies tactile sensations,
Embedded with force-sensitive contact sensors on each of its feet, the robotic legs determine the precise angle they need to assume to keep the helicopter from tipping over
Wee likely to be using a lot more batteries in coming years, particularly in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
There scientists are following an approach known as direct air capture (DAC. The firm's Geoff Holmes says CDR has a role despite the study findings."
"Where other options are cheaper and quicker than DAC to mitigate emissions, let use them,
there are likely to be many types of emissions where using DAC is preferable to applying a fix at each source."
#Light-based memory chip is first to permanently store data Today electronic computer chips work at blazing speeds.
and moves data with photons of light instead of electrons would make today chips look like proverbial horses and buggies.
Now, one team of researchers reports that it has created the first permanent optical memory on a chip,
Researchers have made already photon-friendly chips, with optical lines that replace metal wires and optical memory circuits.
whether they could use this property to permanently store data on a chip and later read it Out to do used so,
they standard chipmaking technology to outfit a chip with a silicon nitride device, known as a waveguide,
They then placed a nanoscale patch of GST atop this waveguide. To write data in this layer,
the scientists piped an intense pulse of light into the waveguide. The high intensity of the light electromagnetic field melted the GST
and measured how much light was transmitted through the waveguide. If little light was absorbed, they knew their data spot on the GST had an amorphous order;
For starters, they sent multiple wavelengths of light through the waveguide at the same time, allowing them to write
the resulting chips have the potential to run at 50 to 100 times the speed of today computer processors f
The original mass sensor consists of a fluid-filled microchannel etched in a tiny silicon cantilever that vibrates inside a vacuum cavity.
They are also using the PLL approach to increase throughput by operating many cantilevers on a single chip.
who led the current research. hey found the lesions were very persistent in DNA, meaning we don have a repair system to take them out,
therefore may help scientists improve the quality of superconducting magnets and sensors, and develop energy-efficient methods for transporting electricity.
which could make them lose their superfluid properties. t a complicated experiment, with a lot of laser beams, electronics,
They outfitted the robot feet with load sensors that measure the force exerted by each foot on the ground.
so that they can act as sensors, actuators, or logic. Tibbits gives an example of a project,
wee used to massive amounts of metal, sensors, electronics and actuators, he points out. ee interested in streamlining that,
We can have sensors, actuators, decision-making, or logic in the material itself. I think the future is not hard industrial machine robotics but robotics that is soft
#Silicon photonics meets the foundry Advances in microprocessors have transferred the computation bottleneck away from CPUS to better communications between components.
now moving from systems to boards to chip packages to chips themselves. A related issue with input-output
which is to stuff as much bandwidth as we can onto the fiber and send it as far as we can,
Instead, developers working to integrate optics tightly with silicon electronics must address not only bandwidth but packaging and cost issues.
And with funding from the National Institute for Standards and Technology, the Microphotonics Center joined with the International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative to create the Photonics System Manufacturing Consortium,
Cutting costs to shed lightright now the optical transceiver is moving onto the circuit board; next it will move inside the chip package,
and then it will be inside the chip itself, says Kimerling. here are significant challenges for each one of those steps.
Cost, bandwidth density, and power efficiency are the big three, and cost is the one that really controlling the entry of photonics into the system.?
The more photonics components go into a system, the cheaper they have to be in order for the system to be affordable,
First, semiconductor systems engineers who design for electrical interconnection typically lack the skill set to add optical components.
engineers design a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) circuit and can expect it to work.
It solves the problem of trying to integrate two disparate processes with nanometer transistors and micron optics.?
The hope with silicon photonics is that we can take the best from silicon integrated circuits including that design discipline to establish a process design kit that includes all the rules as to how to build a component,
wel be able to make these integrated devices and make them in volume. He notes that IBM is creating such a kit for its semiconductor foundry in Burlington, Vermont.
Into the microprocessor foundryadvances in microprocessor performance increasingly are limited by the ability to feed data into the microprocessor
and the energy cost of getting the data, says Rajeev Ram, professor of electrical engineering at MIT.
the photonics occupy a negligible footprint on the chip. e and his colleagues are now working to demonstrate full-scale multi-core computing with an entire computer that uses only photons to communicate with memory,
Ram lab aims to overcome major hurdles in integrating optical interconnection for microprocessors within existing manufacturing systems. typical microprocessor fab costs between 1 and 3 billion dollars,
So we gave ourselves the challenge of taking a state-of-the-art microprocessor manufacturing process, and using the same layers
and accompanying high-performance circuit design to walk into a foundry and get an optical design to work in that foundry,
growing germanium crystals on amorphous substances at temperatures low enough for fabricating electronics as well. Such approaches, focused on the long term, will achieve monolithic integration for chips with an electronic front end with optics embedded in the back end
he says. Overall, the MIT patent portfolio in silicon photonics has grown to more than 60 patents that cover functions such as on-chip lasers, modulators and demodulators, and sensors.
Applications range from data processing and communications to sensors on a chip n
#A new molecular design approach For decades, materials scientists have worked to infuse the lessons learned from natural proteins into the design of new materials.
However, as the self-assembly process of many proteins remains unclear, our understanding of a material properties at a fundamental level and ways it can be translated into real-world use has provided a challenge.
liquid cooling for high-performance electronics also could be made more efficient by being able to control the rate of bubbling to prevent overheating in hotspots,
especially in the electronics cooling industry to cool hot spots. Such strategies can be applied effectively through simple electric controls using the new technology.
F Capture would enable motion capture without body sensors and could track actorsmovements even if they are behind furniture or walls.
The Wifi Calling service will be limited to pay monthly subscribers using Samsung's Galaxy S6 and S5 phones and Microsoft's new Lumia 640."
Another former unicorn, the gaming service Onlive, was acquired recently by Sony for an undisclosed price.
With the patient in a prone position, the doctor affixes a small plastic box containing two LEDS to the patient's shin.
while the LEDS act as the pencil. If the distance between the two changes i e. if the leg becomes shorter or longer,
that will change the arc traced by the LEDS. The doctor takes this measurement twice once right before the operation
This led the students to the Spoken language Systems Group directed by James Glass, a senior research scientist at CSAIL.
to adhere to the metal electrodes. Initially working with Lew Meixler on a federal Cooperative Research and development Agreement in the Plasma Surface Laboratory, she solved the problem by treating the metal (steel or titanium) with a plasma.
and storage devices used in handheld electronics, vehicles, and power plants, making them more cost-effective, efficient and environmentally friendly.
electronics and the environment,"said Michael L. Cherry, chair and professor, LSU Department of physics and Astronomy."
"The Department of energy, General electric and other companies around the world have been working with magnetocaloric materials for some time.
such as glassy carbon, a commonly used electrode material. Creating the alloy particles in the gas phase provides a host of benefits.
scanning and transmission electron microscopes, as well as other tools in DOE's EMSL, a national scientific user facility.
They plan on further studying these particles in the new in situ transmission electron microscope, planned to open in EMSL in 2015,
to be miniaturized individually on separately fabricated chips. These components are assembled then manually using commercially available off-chip fluidic interconnects."
"This hybrid integration method leads to an increase in the fabrication cost since it involves the separate processing of the individual components,"Agah added.."
and performance can be achieved by the single chip or monolithic integration of micro gas chromatography components"he added.
His most recent advancement in this area is the subject of an article appearing in a peer-reviewed journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry called Lab on a Chip.
and Dr. Hamza Shakeel (Rawalpindi, Pakistan), developed a unique gas chromatography-on-chip module.""The experimental results are really encouraging
"The gas chromatography on-a-chip provides highly efficient separations and detection, reduced analysis times using temperature and flow programming,
and no deterioration of the detector excitation electrodes was observed after 12 hours of continuous operation n
Flexible electronics have come into the market and are enabling new technologies like flexible displays in mobile phone, wearable electronics,
and the Internet of things (Iots). However, is the degree of flexibility enough for most applications? For many flexible devices, elasticity is a very important issue.
For example, wearable/biomedical devices and electronic skins (e skins) should stretch to conform to arbitrarily curved surfaces and moving body parts such as joints, diaphragms, and tendons.
Although several researchers have explored diverse stretchable electronics, due to the absence of the appropriate device structures and correspondingly electrodes,
and hyper-stretchable elastic-composite generator (SEG) using very long silver nanowire-based stretchable electrodes. Their stretchable piezoelectric generator can harvest mechanical energy to produce high power output (4 V) with large elasticity (250%)and excellent durability (over 104 cycles.
These noteworthy results were achieved by the non-destructive stress-relaxation ability of the unique electrodes as well as the good piezoelectricity of the device components.
It can open avenues for power supplies in universal wearable and biomedical applications as well as self-powered ultra-stretchable electronics."
and voltage Diodes, shading, and reverse bias. Later, task groups were formed to address snow and wind loading;
Inverter failures and fuse failures were reported more commonly than panel failure. Despite hurricanes hail, shading, vandalism,
The microfluidic chip was designed by Autocad software and manufactured from a widely used silicon-based organic polymer known as PDMS.
The chip itself is small-3 cm by 2 cm-and only costs about a dollar to manufacture, according to Sui.
Future work for Sui and Cheng involves expanding the chip's sample processing capacities to include other infectious diseases
"SMU is active on the LHC's ATLAS detector experimentwithin the big LHC tunnel, gigantic particle detectors at four interaction points along the ring record the proton collisions that are generated
With that many collisions, each detector captures collision events 40 million times each second. That's a lot of collision data, says SMU physicist Robert Kehoe, a member of the ATLAS particle detector experiment with Stroynowski and other SMU physicists.
Flood of data from ATLAS transmitted via tiny electronics designed at SMU to withstand harsh conditionsan SMU physics team also collaborates on the design,
construction and delivery of the ATLAS"readout"system an electronic system within the ATLAS trigger system that sends collision data from ATLAS to its data processing farm.
524 small fiber-optic transmitters. A powerful and reliable workhorse, the link is one of thousands of critical components on the LHC that contributed to discovery and precision measurement of the Higgs boson.
The custom-made high-speed data transmitters were designed to withstand extremely harsh conditions low temperature and high radiation.""It's not always a smooth ride operating electronics in such a harsh environment,
"said Jingbo Ye, the physics professor who leads the SMU data-link team.""Failure of any transmitter results in the loss of a chunk of valuable data.
We're working to improve the design for future detectors because by 2017 and 2018,
the existing optical data-link design won't be able to carry all the data.""Each electrical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical signal converter transmits 1. 6 gigabytes of data per second.
wickedly fast transmitters have been transmitting from the Liquid Argon Calorimeter for about 10 years. Upgraded optical data link is now in the works to accommodate beefed-up data flow A more powerful data link much smaller and faster than the current one'is in research and development now.
while at the same time maintaining the existing power supply and heat exchanger now in the ATLAS detector. The link will have the highest data density in the world of any data link based on the transmitter optical subassembly TOSA, a standard industrial package,
Ye said. Fine-tuning the new, upgraded machine will take several weeksthe world's most powerful machine for smashing protons together will require some"tuning"before physicists from around the world are ready to take data,
T. C. Chang Professor of Computer science at Columbia Engineering, has invented a prototype video camera that is the first to be fully self-poweredt can produce an image each second, indefinitely, of a well-lit indoor scene.
Digital imaging is expected to enable many emerging fields including wearable devices, sensor networks, smart environments, personalized medicine,
At the heart of any digital camera is an image sensor, a chip with millions of pixels.
Nayar, working with research engineer Daniel Sims BS'14 and consultant Mikhail Fridberg of ADSP Consulting, used off-the-shelf components to fabricate an image sensor with 30x40 pixels.
and uses just two transistors. During each image capture cycle, the pixels are used first to record
and charge the sensor's power supplyhe image sensor continuously toggles between image capture and power harvesting modes.
Nayar notes that the image sensor could use a rechargeable battery and charge it via its harvesting capability:"
"But we took an extreme approach to demonstrate that the sensor is indeed truly self-powered
and used just a capacitor to store the harvested energy.""""A few different designs for image sensors that can harvest energy have been proposed in the past.
However, our prototype is the first demonstration of a fully self-powered video camera, "he continues."
"And, even though we've used off-the-shelf components to demonstrate our design, our sensor architecture easily lends itself to a compact solid-state imaging chip.
We believe our results are a significant step forward in developing an entirely new generation of cameras that can function for a very long durationdeally,
and we were limited by the spectral bandwidth. This is technically orders of magnitude beyond what we would have thought possible in the near future,
Their prototype accelerator uses optically generated pulses centred at 450 GHZ and a bandwidth of 20000 GHZ.
The sender and receiver usually called Alice and Bob respectively share a secret key made up of a series of quantum states that an eavesdropper,
receivers and other hardware used to implement it. According to Vadim Makarov of the University of Waterloo and colleagues, many scientists assume that
if Alice sets up a detector to measure the energy of the incoming photons, which sounds an alarm
The researchers discovered that they could burn a hole in the photodiode detector and render it either partially
They repeated the experiment using six detectors, and found that in each case"the damage was sufficient to permanently open the system up to the Trojan-horse attack,"
so that it misses the core of three of the four fibres leading to Bob's polarization detectors.
which detectors are used to measure which photons, and by doing so to steal the key unnoticed.
This attack can be prevented by placing a pinhole inside Bob's receiver an arrangement that limits the angles over
Better detectors Norbert Lütkenhaus of the University of Waterloo, who was involved not in the current work,
suggesting that an additional detector could be installed to register the light from any damaging laser beams.
But he points out that manufacturers will need to ensure that their new detectors are themselves resistant to any potential attack
This brought his attention to wearable sensors for humans, where the data collected is fed directly to robots for interpretation.
Because there are no sensors to detect the rope configuration, the locations of the narrow openings of the bridge must be measured and input to the system,
ingestible electronics, which can diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions in the GI TRACT; or extended-release drug-delivery systems that could last for weeks
therefore may help scientists improve the quality of superconducting magnets and sensors, and develop energy-efficient methods for transporting electricity.
which could make them lose their superfluid properties. t a complicated experiment, with a lot of laser beams, electronics,
who led the current research. hey found the lesions were very persistent in DNA, meaning we don have a repair system to take them out,
#Aluminum olk-and-Shellnanoparticle Boosts Capacity and Power of Lithium-ion Batteries One big problem faced by electrodes in rechargeable batteries,
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a olkinside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
which use aluminum as the key material for the lithium-ion battery negative electrode, or anode, are reported in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT professor Ju Li and six others.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be he high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes
As a result, previous attempts to develop an aluminum electrode for lithium-ion batteries had failed.
hat separates the aluminum from the liquid electrolytebetween the battery two electrodes. The shell does not expand
but the inside of the electrode remains clean with no buildup of the SEIS, proving the shell fully encloses the aluminum
The result is an electrode that gives more than three times the capacity of graphite (1. 2 Ah/g) at a normal charging rate
researchers from the Pohang University of Science and Technology detail how they were able to turn black phosphorus into a superior conductor that can be mass produced for electronic and optoelectronics devices.
affiliated with the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic systems (CALDES), reported a tunable band gap in BP,
This research outcome potentially allows for great flexibility in the design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers.
This amalgamation makes it a terrifically attractive material to apply to scientific developments in a wide variety of fields, such as electronics, aerospace and sports.
graphene has no band gap. Stepping stones to a Unique Statea material band gap is fundamental to determining its electrical conductivity.
Imagine two river crossings, one with tightly-packed stepping-stones, and the other with large gaps between stones.
A band gap is much the same; the smaller the gap the more efficiently the current can move across the material and the stronger the current.
Graphene has a band gap of zero in its natural state, however, and so acts like a conductor;
the semiconductor potential can be realized because the conductivity can be shut off, even at low temperatures. This obviously dilutes its appeal as a semiconductor,
as shutting off conductivity is a vital part of a semiconductor function. Birth of a Revolutionphosphorus is the fifteenth element in the periodic table
and lends its name to an entire class of compounds. Indeed it could be considered an archetype of chemistry itself.
Like graphene, BP is a semiconductor and also cheap to mass produce. The one big difference between the two is BP natural band gap
allowing the material to switch its electrical current on and off. The research team tested on few layers of BP called phosphorene
which is required what we to tune the size of the band gap. his process of transferring electrons is known as doping
which tuned the band gap allowing the valence and conductive bands to move closer together, effectively lowering the band gap
and drastically altering it to a value between 0. 0 0. 6 Electron volt (ev) from its original intrinsic value of 0. 35 ev.
It more efficient in its natural state than black phosphorus but it difficult to open its band gap;
therefore we tuned BP band gap to resemble the natural state of graphene, a unique state of matter that is different from conventional semiconductors. he potential for this new improved form of black phosphorus is beyond anything the Korean team hoped for,
and very soon it could potentially be applied to several sectors including engineering where electrical engineers can adjust the band gap
and create devises with the exact behavior desired. The 2-D revolution, it seems, has arrived and is here for the long run.
bservation of tunable bandgap and anisotropic Dirac semimetal state in black phosphorus, Science 14 august 2015:
and Samsung have developed an approach for a solid electrolyte that could greatly improve both battery lifetime and safety,
Now researchers at MIT and Samsung, and in California and Maryland, have developed a new approach to one of the three basic components of batteries, the electrolyte.
The electrolyte in such batteries typically a liquid organic solvent whose function is to transport charged particles from one of a battery two electrodes to the other during charging
The research that led to a workable solid-state electrolyte was part of an ongoing partnership with the Korean electronics company Samsung, through the Samsung Advanced Institute of technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
and Lincoln Miara at Samsung. The work is part of an alliance between MIT and the Samsung Advanced Institute of technology focusing on the development of materials for clean energy.
Publication: Yan Wang, et al. esign principles for solid-state lithium superionic conductors, i
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