night-vision goggles and smoke detectors to surveillance systems and satellites-that rely on electronic light sensors. Integrated into a digital camera lens, for example, it could reduce bulkiness and boost both the acquisition speed and quality of video or still photos.
The researchers also placed electrodes under the phototransistor's ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer-and the metal layer and electrodes each act as reflectors
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
night-vision goggles and smoke detectors to surveillance systems and satellites-that rely on electronic light sensors. Integrated into a digital camera lens, for example, it could reduce bulkiness and boost both the acquisition speed and quality of video or still photos.
The researchers also placed electrodes under the phototransistor's ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer-and the metal layer and electrodes each act as reflectors
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
After repeated rounds of screening, the researchers used one of the most promising candidates to create a magnetic sensor consisting of enhanced ferritin modified with a protein tag that binds with another protein called streptavidin.
Such sensors could also be used to monitor the effectiveness of stem cell therapies, Jasanoff says. s stem cell therapies are developed,
The researchers are now working on adapting the magnetic sensors to work in mammalian cells. They are also trying to make the engineered ferritin even more strongly magnetic e
Potential applications for the nanotweezer include improved-sensitivity nanoscale sensors and the study of synthetic and natural nanoobjects including viruses and proteins;
Key to this technology is the memristor (a combination of"memory"and"resistor"),an electronic component
Unlike conventional transistors, which rely on the drift and diffusion of electrons and their holes through semiconducting material,
the resulting device would have to be loaded enormous with multitudes of transistors that would require far more energy."
and memory storage devices users will continue to seek long after the proliferation of digital transistors predicted by Moore's Law becomes too unwieldy for conventional electronics."
The very next step would be to integrate a memristor neural network with conventional semiconductor technology,
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th,
Other potential applications include goggles, periscopes, optical instruments, photodetectors and sensors. In addition, the superhydrophobic property can be effective at preventing ice
if you hold two electrodes into an aqueous electrolyte and apply a sufficient voltage, gas bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen are formed.
Electrodes that so far have been used are made of very expensive elements such as platinum or platinum-iridium alloys.
it consists of chalcopyrite (a material used in device grade thin film solar cells) that has been coated with a thin, transparent, conductive oxide film of titanium dioxide (Tio2.
In this process, the titanium dioxide and platinum precursors are dissolved in ethanol and converted to a fog using an ultrasonic bath.
the majority of the required voltage between the composite photocathode and a platinum counter electrode of around 1. 8 volts is still coming from a battery.
thanks to diamond nanocrystals used as temperature sensors Abstract: Precise targeting biological molecules, such as cancer cells,
The novelty of this study is that it shows that it is possible to use diamond nanocrystals as hypersensitive temperature sensors with a high spatial resolution-ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers-to monitor the amount of heat delivered to cancer cells s
which is the basis for controlling electrons in computers, phones, medical equipment and other electronics. Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
explaining that it's important that the materials have lopsided band gaps, or differences in how much energy it takes to excite an electron in the material."
you form a band gap mismatch--that creates a so-called'potential barrier'that stops electrons.""The band gap mismatch results from the materials'structure:
graphene's flat sheet conducts electricity quickly, and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents.
In turn, this speed could eventually quicken the pace of electronics and computing. Solving the Semiconductor Dilemma To get to faster and smaller computers one day,
Yap says this study is a continuation of past research into making transistors without semiconductors.
The problem with semiconductors like silicon is that they can only get so small and they give off a lot of heat;
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
The memories are based on tantalum oxide, a common insulator in electronics. Applying voltage to a 250-nanometer-thick sandwich of graphene, tantalum,
Like the Tour lab's previous discovery of silicon oxide memories, the new devices require only two electrodes per circuit,
"And it doesn't even need diodes or selectors, making it one of the easiest ultradense memories to construct.
"The layered structure consists of tantalum, nanoporous tantalum oxide and multilayer graphene between two platinum electrodes.
the researchers found the tantalum oxide gradually loses oxygen ions, changing from an oxygen-rich, nanoporous semiconductor at the top to oxygen-poor at the bottom.
These negatively charged ions produce an electric field that effectively serves as a diode to hinder error-causing crosstalk.
#Discovery in growing graphene nanoribbons could enable faster, more efficient electronics Abstract: Graphene, an atom-thick material with extraordinary properties, is a promising candidate for the next generation of dramatically faster, more energy-efficient electronics.
However, scientists have struggled to fabricate the material into ultra-narrow strips, called nanoribbons, that could enable the use of graphene in high-performance semiconductor electronics.
Now, University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have discovered a way to grow graphene nanoribbons with desirable semiconducting properties directly on a conventional germanium semiconductor wafer.
This advance could allow manufacturers to easily use graphene nanoribbons in hybrid integrated circuits, which promise to significantly boost the performance of next-generation electronic devices.
The technology could also have specific uses in industrial and military applications such as sensors that detect specific chemical and biological species
and photonic devices that manipulate light. In a paper published Aug 10 in the journal Nature Communications, Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison, Ph d. student Robert Jacobberger,
and their collaborators describe their new approach to producing graphene nanoribbons. Importantly, their technique can easily be scaled for mass production
and is compatible with the prevailing infrastructure used in semiconductor processing.""Graphene nanoribbons that can be grown directly on the surface of a semiconductor like germanium are more compatible with planar processing that's used in the semiconductor industry,
and so there would be less of a barrier to integrating these really excellent materials into electronics in the future,
"Arnold says. Graphene, a sheet of carbon atoms that is only one atom in thickness, conducts electricity and dissipates heat much more efficiently than silicon,
the material most commonly found in today's computer chips. But to exploit graphene's remarkable electronic properties in semiconductor applications where current must be switched on and off
graphene nanoribbons need to be less than 10 nanometers wide, which is phenomenally narrow. In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth,
but this method only works on metal substrates and the resulting nanoribbons are thus far too short for use in electronics.
#Flexible, biodegradable device can generate power from touch (video) Longstanding concerns about portable electronics include the devices'short battery life and their contribution to e waste.
and it lit up 22 to 55 light-emitting diodes. The authors acknowledge funding from the Science and Engineering Research Board of India I
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments and can realise a plethora of future protocols that have not even been conceived yet, marking a new era of research for quantum scientists and engineers at the cutting edge of quantum technologies.
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled.
"The team demonstrated the chip's unique capabilities by reprogramming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to re-programme the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment.
We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet."
"The device was made possible because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and plans to add more chips like this one to the service so others can discover the quantum world for themselves s
#A thin ribbon of flexible electronics can monitor health, infrastructure Stretchy, bendable electronics could have many uses, such as monitoring patients'health and keeping tabs on airplanes.
By combining thinned devices based on inorganic semiconductors with components & interconnects that are manufactured 3d printed/additively on nontraditional substrates,
Flexible Hybrid Electronics (FHE) can deliver significant size, weight, and power (SWAP) benefits without sacrificing performance.
FHE are expected to impact a range of Air force applications including: wearable electronics and sensors for monitoring airman health/performance;
conformal electronics and antennas for maximizing space efficiency and reducing aerodynamic drag; and inherently more durable circuits that will withstand the extreme strain, shock,
and vibration environments typical of Air force missions. Related to these goals, we are developing approaches to inject and print gallium-based liquid metal alloys into varied materials for stretchable and reconfigurable electronics.
For energy devices we have demonstrated solution-processable approaches to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices on nearly arbitrary surfaces including PET and polymer reinforced polymer composites.
We have fabricated also Li-ion batteries based on structurally resilient carbon nanotube-based electrodes that have survived thousands of flexing cycles.
A new world of flexible, bendable, even stretchable electronics is emerging from research labs to address a wide range of potentially game-changing uses.
The common, rigid printed circuit board is slowly being replaced by a thin ribbon of resilient, high-performance electronics.
"Basically, we are using a hybrid technology that mixes traditional electronics with flexible, high-performance electronics and new 3-D printing technologies,"says Benjamin J. Leever, Ph d,
. who is at the Air force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air force base.""In some cases, we incorporate'inks,
With our technology, we can take a razor-thin silicon integrated circuit, a few hundred nanometers thick,
To allow electronics to be bendable or stretchable or even change their configuration after fabrication,
and strains and report this information through miniature embedded antennas to ground crews or a pilot.
wearable patch and would include an antenna to transmit these biometric signals to the pilot or a ground team.
This type of monitoring dispenses with the need for the bulky electrodes and wiring that normally are associated with close medical surveillance."
"Leever adds that the Wright-Patterson team is part of a newly created Department of defense-led Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute,
Over the next five years, $75 million will be offered in matching grants to spur domestic development of flexible hybrid electronics manufacturing g
two electrodes--one photoanode and one photocathode--and a membrane. The photoanode uses sunlight to oxidize water molecules,
Semiconductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide absorb light efficiently and are used therefore in solar panels. However, these materials also oxidize
which showed that adding a nanometers-thick layer of titanium dioxide (Tio2)--a material found in white paint
and many toothpastes and sunscreens--onto the electrodes could prevent them from corroding while still allowing light
and improve the stability of a gallium arsenide-based photoelectrode. Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production.
and flexible electronics University of Vermont scientists have invented a new way to create what they are calling an electron superhighway in an organic semiconductor that promises to allow electrons to flow faster
and farther--aiding the hunt for flexible electronics, organic solar cells, and other low-cost alternatives to silicon.
To explore these organic materials, UVM graduate students (from left) Naveen Rawat and Lane Manning, and professors Randy Headrick and Madalina Furis, deployed this table-top scanning laser microscope.
what they are calling"an electron superhighway"in one of these materials--a low-cost blue dye called phthalocyanine--that promises to allow electrons to flow faster and farther in organic semiconductors.
Their discovery, reported Sept. 14 in the journal Nature Communications, will aid in the hunt for alternatives to traditional silicon-based electronics.
HILLS AND POTHOLES Many of these types of flexible electronic devices will rely on thin films of organic materials that catch sunlight
Increasing the distance these excitons can diffuse--before they reach a juncture where they're broken apart to produce electrical current--is essential to improving the efficiency of organic semiconductors.
and Naveen Rawat G'15--opens a window to view how increasing"long-range order"in the organic semiconductor films is a key mechanism that allows excitons to migrate farther."
#First realization of an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator using spin waves In our current electronic equipment,
Duine from Utrecht University have succeeded to use spin waves in an electric circuit by carefully designing the device geometry.
and hence enables the spin waves to be used in an electric circuit. The spin wave circuit that the researchers built,
they could be used widely in many applications including as exceptionally strong components in personal electronic devices, in space exploration vehicles,
the sensor is very sensitive to changes in electromagnetic fields that are dispersed with different tissues (normal and tumor.
The role of nanosensor between body surface and the detector is to strengthen the signal and taking samples through plasmonic effects of nanoparticles.
At the Frontiers in Optics conference researchers will describe a custom-built ultrafast laser that could help image everything from semiconductor chips to cells in real time Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers
Their new approach could be used to study everything from semiconductor chips to cancer cells. The team will present their work at the Frontiers in Optics
and find their way onto a detector, creating a diffraction pattern. By analyzing that pattern,
the detector must be placed close to the target material--similar to placing a specimen close to a microscope to boost the magnification.
hardly any photons will bounce off the target at large enough angles to reach the detector.
Engineers can use this to hunt for tiny defects in semiconductor chips. Biologists can zoom in on the organelles that make up a cell.
Material moves foldable electronics, new implantable medical devices a step closer Abstract: Researchers have discovered a new stretchable,
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
flexibility and transparency-all three are needed for foldable electronics-wear out too quickly to be said practical
That means the materials aren't durable enough for consumer electronics or biomedical devices.""Metallic materials often exhibit high cycle fatigue,
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
The scientists also predict that using high-end electronics and control of the viscosity gradient of the liquid could further optimize the system.
The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
Light is suited ideally to ultra-fast high-bandwidth data transfer, and optical communications form an indispensable part of the IT world of today and tomorrow.
a stumbling block so far has been the storage of large quantities of data directly on integrated chips in the optical domain.
The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
so developing the first permanent, all-optical on-chip memory. The research is published in leading scientific journal, Nature Photonics.
by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage"In addition, he says, "the written state is preserved
when the power is removed, unlike most current on-chip memories"."The scientists from Oxford, Exeter, Karlsruhe and Mnster used so-called phase change materials at heart of their all-optical memory.
(or traffic) at the surface of a sensor, which drastically reduced the signal of our tests,
and limits the ability of this DNA to hybridize to its complementary strand located on the surface of a gold electrode.
explains that this novel signaling mechanism produces sufficient change in current to be measured using inexpensive electronics similar to those in the home glucose test meter used by diabetics to check their blood sugar.
Using a distant detector on the other side of the sample, the researchers recorded the sample's high-resolution hologram,
the team's manufacturing method aims to construct disposable tattoo-like health monitoring patches for the mass production of epidermal electronics,
Reliable, ultrathin wearable electronic devices that stick to the skin like a temporary tattoo are a relatively new innovation.
"One of the most attractive aspects of epidermal electronics is their ability to be said disposable,
and portable process for producing these electronics, which, unlike the current method, does not require a clean room, wafers and other expensive resources and equipment.
the electronics are printed onto any polymer adhesives, including temporary tattoo films. The cutter is programmable so the size of the patch and pattern can be customized easily.
"We are trying to add more types of sensors including blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitors to the low-cost patch."
Stretch Med is developing human electrophysiological sensors for clinical use, drawing on some of the patent-pending technologies described in this release e
which may possibly be used to extend battery lifetimes A battery cell consists of a positive and negative electrode,
"said Asghar Aryanfar, a scientist at Caltech, who led the new study that's published this week on the cover of The Journal of Chemical Physics, from AIP Publishing.
These attributes should lead to new LEDS and display devices not only with precisely matched colors--better color accuracy and brightness--but also with improved performance lifetime and improved ease of manufacturing."
Amazon Kindle and a new Samsung TV
#Graphene teams up with two-dimensional crystals for faster data communications Ultra-fast detection of light lies at the heart of optical communication systems nowadays.
Driven by the internet of things and 5g, data communication bandwidth is growing exponentially, thus requiring even faster optical detectors that can be integrated into photonic circuits.
"The results obtained from this study have shown that the stacking of semiconducting 2d materials with graphene in heterostructures could lead to new, fast and efficient optoelectronic applications,
spintronic devices. Their study was published in the prestigious Nature Physics journal. The research team, which included Natalya Pugach from the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear physics, studied the interactions between superconductivity
and to create the new generation of electronics. In traditional microelectronics information is coded via the electric charges.
In spin electronics-or spintronics-information is coded via the electron spin, which could be directed along
or against particular axis."Superconducting spintronic devices will demand far less energy and emit less heat.
It means that this technology will allow to create much more economical and stable computing machines and supercomputers,
that the finding will allow development to develop conceptually new spintronic elements. According to Natalya Pugach, superconductive spintronics technologies may help to build supercomputers and powerful servers,
whose energy consumption and heat emission create much more problems than in case of ordinary desktop computers.""Development of computer technologies was based on semiconductors.
They are good for personal computers, but when you use these semiconductors to build supercomputers, they produce heat and noise, demand powerful cooling systems.
Spintronics allows to solve all these problems, "--Natalya Pugach concludes s
#Discovery about new battery overturns decades of false assumptions Abstract: New findings at Oregon State university have overturned a scientific dogma that stood for decades,
by showing that potassium can work with graphite in a potassium-ion battery-a discovery that could pose a challenge and sustainable alternative to the widely-used lithium-ion battery.
an organic compound found in plants, bacteria, algae and trees, to build more efficient and longer-lasting energy storage devices or supercapacitors.
and high-power electronics, such as wearable devices, portable power supplies and hybrid and electric vehicles.""Ultimately the goal of this research is to find ways to power current and future technology with efficiency
This can be used to produce more sustainable capacitor devices with higher power density and faster charging abilities compared to rechargeable batteries.
Lightweight and high-power density capacitors are of particular interest for the development of hybrid and electric vehicles.
The availability of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature opens up new studies on their properties and potential development in electronic devices,
#Scientists paint quantum electronics with beams of light: Chance effect of lab's fluorescent lights leads to discovery In contrast to using advanced nanofabrication facilities based on chemical processing of materials,
This finding is likely to spawn new developments in emerging technologies such as low-power electronics based on the spin of electrons or ultrafast quantum computers.
"The electrons in topological insulators have unique quantum properties that many scientists believe will be useful for developing spin-based electronics and quantum computers.
because traditional semiconductor engineering techniques tend to destroy their fragile quantum properties. Even a brief exposure to air can reduce their quality.
and erase p-n junctions--one of the central components of a transistor--in a topological insulator for the first time.
With many photonics and electronics applications, there has been considerable effort in creating artificial materials with optical and dielectric properties similar to air
and high-stiffness materials can serve as high-quality optical films in multilayer photonic structures, waveguides, resonators,
For example, every handheld device has hundreds of capacitors, which are dielectric components that can store
and are compatible with existing chip manufacturing processes, "Chang says.""Our next steps include integrating these materials into functional optical and electronic devices
#Researchers from Kiel and Bochum develop new information storage device Scientists from Kiel University and the Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB) have developed a new way to store information that uses ions to save data
It consists of two metallic electrodes that are separated by a so-called solid ion conductor usually a transition metal oxide.
and reduction processes on the electrodes, as well as ions within the layer between being displaced. The advantage is that cells that are constructed in this way are easy to produce
"building constellations of them can be used in quantum electronics. Physicists from France and Russia have discovered that the magnetic atoms in a two-dimensional layered superconductor create electronic disturbances that look like oscillating"nanostars".
"A"constellation"of these disturbances could be used in quantum electronics. The results of the study have been published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Physics.
which makes them more suitable for developing a new generation of quantum electronics. A crystal lattice of a layered superconducting material-niobium diselenide-was used in the tests.
For the last 20 years, scientists have been attempting to create quantum systems that will outperform traditional semiconductor-based computers, the development potential
or blood serum along with an array of electronics to transmit the results in real time to a tablet via Bluetooth,
including computer chips and other optoelectronic components.""Our results demonstrate relatively fast modulation from fundamentally slow phosphorescent light emitters,
Phosphors are common light emitters used in light bulbs, LEDS and elsewhere. They are extremely efficient
One example could be optical communications networks on computer chips. Prototype on-chip networks have used semiconductor lasers as light emitters.
They can modulate very quickly, but they have downsides. Semiconductors can't be grown directly on a silicon chip,
so fabrication can be difficult. Using indirect means of modulation--interferometers, for example--makes for bulky systems that take up a lot of real estate on a chip.
What's more, semiconductor lasers are not particularly efficient. They produce a lot of heat along with light
which is a problem on a silicon chip. Erbium and other phosphors, on the other hand, can be deposited directly on silicon, making fabrication easier.
There's still more work to be done to get such a system up to a speed that would be useful on a chip,
and industrial researchers working on optoelectronics and nanophotonics, "the researchers write e
#Monitoring critical blood levels in real time in the ICU: EPFL has developed a miniaturized microfluidic device that will allow medical staff to monitor in real time levels of glucose,
or blood serum along with an array of electronics to transmit the results in real time to a tablet via Bluetooth,
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