#Actuators that mimic ice plants Engineers developing moveable robot components may soon take advantage of a trick plants use.
more cidicor asic, depending on the curvature in the 3-D carbon architecture
#Helium alloonsoffer new path to control complex materials Researchers at the Department of energy Oak ridge National Laboratory have developed a new method to manipulate a wide range of materials
which would greatly benefit from the ability to tune material properties with processing similar to current semiconductor technologies. ur strain doping technique demonstrates a path to achieving this need,
as it can be implemented using established ion implantation infrastructure in the semiconductor industry, Ward said. The method uses a low energy ion gun to add small numbers of helium ions into the material after it has been produced.
The technology is depending on an electrode integrated into a segment of the tire. When it comes into contact with the ground,
team used a toy car with LED LIGHTS. Engineers attached an electrode to the tires of the toy car
and watched the LED LIGHTS as the car was rolling forward and they flashed on and off as electrodes came with contact with the surface.
The friction was strong enough for the electrodes to harvest enough energy to power the lights,
which means that scientists confirmed the idea that wasted friction energy can be collected and reused.
Engineers also determined that the amount of energy harnessed is directly related to the weight of a car
#Influential Interfaces Lead to Advances in Organic Spintronics Spintronics is an emerging field of electronics in
Just as conventional transistors have a source of electrons, a gate to control their movement, and a drain to carry off the charge signal,
a spintronic circuit needs a well-controlled source of spin-polarized electrons that are injected into a transport channel material,
Compared to manipulating populations of moving electrons through a conventional semiconductor, controlling electron spins consumes much less energy
Spintronic devices made of inorganic materials are used today for read heads on hard disk drives magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM),
Spin-polarized electrons are predicted to have long lifetimes in organic semiconductors; Spin-based devices integrated with organic materials are expected to have low fabrication costs, light weight, and mechanical flexibility;
and controlling the interface formation between molecular semiconductors and ferromagnets are important to the development of organic spintronics
because the interface plays a critical role in determining the efficiency of spin injection and detection.
Scientists from PML Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division have performed studies on the way the interface between a ferromagnetic material (cobalt)
and an organic semiconductor known as Alq3 can be altered by coating the cobalt with a single-molecule thick layer (monolayer) that affects the electron spin states of the cobalt.
which is critical in electronic transport through the SAM and into the organic semiconductor. This finding suggests that the rapid oxidation of cobalt does not necessarily have to be a limiting factor in organic spintronics.
In the second study 4 the same molecular layers and the same substrate (cobalt, this time non-oxidized) were stacked onto a layer of Alq3.
which is expected to improve spin polarization at the point of spin injection into an organic semiconductor,
he interface between two different materials is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of electronic devices.
we show that there are a lot of things we can do to tune the spintronic characteristics of the organic-based device.
The current work is part of a long-term effort to understand how adjusting the composition of an interface with organic semiconductor materials can control spintronic properties. or a complete spintronic device
over a micrometer) spin transport through an organic semiconductor. r
#Expert: Editing stem cell genes will evolutionizebiomedical research Applying a dramatically improved method for ditinggenes to human stem cells,
Discovery of single-crystal silicon the semiconductor in every integrated circuit made the electronics revolution possible.
Semiconductors like silicon don self-assemble into perfectly ordered structures like polymers Do it almost unheard of to get a 3-D structured single crystal of a semiconductor.
Wiesner said. aving the ability to mold the workhorse of all electronics, silicon, into intricate shapes is unprecedented,
Using LEDS to Move Data Faster It like using fiber optics to communicate only without the fiber.
and Mohammad Noshad, now a postdoctoral fellow in the Electrical engineering Department at Harvard university, have devised a way of using light waves from light-emitting diode fixtures to carry signals to wireless devices at 300 megabits per second from each light.
As more light fixtures get replaced with LED LIGHTS, you can have different access points to the same network.
He said it would be a matter of simply adding software to computers to connect them with LED transmitters. his is not a replacement for wi-fi;
she said. nything with an LED can talk to anything else with an LED. You don need a separate transmitter
because you are not using radio waves. And because it does not use radio waves, this system can be used in places where radio waves could create problems,
Visible light communications has the potential to significantly increase the speed of Internet connection in multiuser indoor environments due to the broad bandwidth of the visible light,
The way hearing aids today work is basically that a microphone picks up sound and transmits it to a loadspeaker
but instead the waves were transmitted to a receiver worn around the neck. 2. 4 GHZ technology
making hearing aids capable of picking up signals directly by means of antennas. Therefore, there was no need for an external recipient.
As part of the development, the team also began exploring ways to optimize the signal between the antennas in the left and right hearing aids.
together with Jesper Thaysen, have developed the antenna technology used in GN Resound ear-to-ear hearing aids today.
The team has produced various types of antenna systems capable of optimizing the so-called creeping radio waves to reduce the loss of sound data transmitted from the right hearing aid to the left.
They used a mannequin head called SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin) to test the antennas. Subsequently, they designed a computer model of the head
The calculations enabled us to understand how to design the actual antenna to ensure the best possible match for this type of hearing aid,
physicists have used graphene to build lightweight ultrasonic loudspeakers and microphones, enabling people to mimic bats
a common Northern California species of bat recorded with the new ultrasonic microphone. Image credit:
we have not had good wideband ultrasound transmitters or receivers. These new devices are a technology opportunity. peakers and microphones both use diaphragms,
typically made of paper or plastic, that vibrate to produce or detect sound, respectively. The diaphragms in the new devices are graphene sheets a mere one atom thick that have the right combination of stiffness
The grapheme loudspeakers and microphones operate from well below 20 hertz to over 500 kilohertz.
or more years. here a lot of talk about using graphene in electronics and small nanoscale devices, but theye all a ways away, said Zettl,
and Berkeley Lab. he microphone and loudspeaker are some of the closest devices to commercial viability,
UC Berkeley postdoctoral fellow Qin Zhou and colleagues describe their graphene microphone and ultrasonic radio in a paper appearing online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
and since then has been developing the electronic circuitry to build a microphone with a similar graphene diaphragm.
called graphene (black mesh), provides the vibrating diaphragm for both an ultrasonic microphone and loudspeaker.
UC Berkeleyone big advantage of graphene is that the atom-thick sheet is so lightweight that it responds immediately to an electronic pulse, unlike today piezoelectric microphones and speakers.
when using ultrasonic transmitters and receivers to transmit large amounts of information through many different frequency channels simultaneously,
or to measure distance, as in sonar applications. ecause our membrane is so light, it has an extremely wide frequency response
whereas today conventional loudspeakers and headphones convert only 8 percent into sound. Zettl anticipates that in the future,
Bat chirps When Zhou told his wife, Jinglin Zheng, about the ultrasound microphone, she suggested he try to capture the sound of bats chirping at frequencies too high for humans to hear.
So they hauled the microphone to a park in Livermore and turned it on. When they slowed down the recording to one-tenth normal speed,
hese new microphones will be incredibly valuable for studying auditory signals at high frequencies, such as the ones used by bats.
and will permit a detailed study of the auditory pulses that are used by bats. ettl noted that audiophiles would also appreciate the graphene loudspeakers and headphones,
which is a transmitter. The research result was published in the June 2015 on-line issue of IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,
which is entitled ix Degrees of Freedom Mobile Inductive Power Transfer by Crossed Dipole Tx (Transmitter) and Rx (Receiver) Coils.
Professor Rim team has showcased successfully the technology on July 7, 2015 at a lab on KAIST campus. They used high-frequency magnetic materials in a dipole coil structure to build a thin,
flat transmitter (Tx) system shaped in a rectangle with a size of 1m2. Either 30 smartphones with a power capacity of one watt each or 5 laptops with 2. 4 watts each can be simultaneously
and wirelessly charged at a 50 cm distance from the transmitter with six degrees of freedom, regardless of the devicesthree-axes positions and directions.
This means that the device can receive power all around the transmitter in three-dimensional space.
and connected with a resonant capacitor. Comparing to a conventional loop coil, the dipole coil is very compact
because the devices still require close contact with the transmitter, a charging pad. To use the devices freely and safely
ur transmitter system is safe for humans and compatible with other electronic devices. We have solved three major issues of short charging distance,
captures harmful gas and weaves transistors into shirts and dresses. otton is one of the most fascinating and misunderstood materials,
and that is our world we can control cellulose-based materials one atom at a time. he Hinestroza group has turned cotton fibers into electronic components such as transistors and thermistors,
so instead of adding electronics to fabrics, he converts the fabric into an electronic component. reating transistors
and other components using cotton fibers brings a new perspective to the seamless integration of electronics
and textiles, enabling the creation of unique wearable electronic devices, Hinestroza said. Taking advantage of cotton irregular topography, Hinestroza and his students added conformal coatings of gold nanoparticles,
as well as semiconductive and conductive polymers to tailor the behavior of natural cotton fibers. he layers were so thin that the flexibility of the cotton fibers is preserved always,
said Capasso. ur understanding of optics on the macroscale has led to holograms, Google glass and LEDS,
but inside the clear chip lies the potential to improve how medicine and medical research is done. f you can integrate
and automate an analysis technique into a chip, it opens doors to great applications, said Janssen, a postdoctoral researcher in the Sumita Pennathur Lab at UC Santa barbara. With only a minimal amount of human plasma,
the Omnisense nanofluidic chip he is developing is the heart of a device that can assist in the swift and accurate diagnosis of bacterial
Janssen focus is currently on developing a nucleic acid amplification test on a chip, technology that could, in real time,
explaining that the chip would need less energy and that obtaining results would require fewer steps than other methods.
SARS or MERS, could also benefit from the user friendly chip and its rapid results. is award is truly helping our lab become translational,
and Northwestern University described their new method for the syntheses and fabrication of mesocopic three-dimensional semiconductors (intermediate between the nanometer and macroscopic scales).
his opens up a new opportunity for building electronics for enhanced sensing and stimulation at bio-interfaces, said lead author Zhiqiang Luo, a postdoctoral scholar in Tian laboratory.
The team achieved three advances in the development of semiconductor and biological materials. One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography.
and diffusion along the silicon faceted surfaces. he idea of utilizing deposition-diffusion cycles can be applied to synthesizing more complex 3d semiconductors,
a Seymour Goodman Fellow in chemistry at UCHICAGO. 3d silicon etching The semiconductor industry uses wet chemical etching with an etch-resist to create planar patterns on silicon wafers.
This method also applies to the 3d lithography of many other semiconductor compounds. his is a fundamentally new mechanism for etch mask
or implants is that the interface between the electronic device and the tissue or organ is not robust,
researchers at MIT unveil a series of sensors, memory switches, and circuits that can be encoded in the common human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
we built four sensors that can be encoded in the bacterium DNA that respond to a signal to switch genes on and off inside B. thetaiotaomicron,
This material also has possibilities for use for advanced electronic devices such as pressure-sensitive sheets, reusable heating pads, pressure-sensitive conductivity sensors, electric current driven type resistance random access memory (Reram
#Researchers Build a Transistor from a Molecule and A few Atoms An international team of physicists has used a scanning tunneling microscope to create a minute transistor consisting of a single molecule and a small number of atoms.
The observed transistor action is markedly different from the conventionally expected behavior and could be important for future device technologies as well as for fundamental studies of electron transport in molecular nanostructures.
Scanning tunneling microscope image of a phthalocyanine molecule centered within a hexagon assembled from twelve indium atoms on an indium arsenide surface.
The positively charged atoms provide the electrostatic gate of the single-molecule transistor. See more at:
http://www. nrl. navy. mil/media/news-releases/2015/researchers-build-a-transistor-from-a-molecule
and an electrical gate electrode to modulate the current flow through the channel. In atomic-scale transistors, this current is extremely sensitive to single electrons hopping via discrete energy levels.
In earlier studies, researchers have examined single-electron transport in molecular transistors using top-down approaches, such as lithography and break junctions.
But atomically precise control of the gatehich is crucial to transistor action at the smallest size scaless not possible with these approaches.
The team used a highly stable scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to create a transistor consisting of a single organic molecule
and positively charged metal atoms, positioning them with the STM tip on the surface of an indium arsenide (Inas) crystal.
Dr. Kiyoshi Kanisawa, a physicist at NTT-BRL, used the growth technique of molecular beam epitaxy to prepare this surface.
similar to the working principle of a quantum dot gated by an external electrode. In our case, the charged atoms nearby provide the electrostatic gate potential that regulates the electron flow
and the charge state of the molecule. ut there is a substantial difference between a conventional semiconductor quantum dotomprising typically hundreds or thousands of atomsnd the present case of a surface-bound molecule.
This simple and physically transparent model entirely reproduces the experimentally observed single-molecule transistor characteristics.
The perfection and reproducibility offered by these STM-generated transistors will enable researchers to explore elementary processes involving current flow through single molecules at a fundamental level.
which they can leadill be important for integrating molecule-based devices with existing semiconductor technologies.
NEC installs high-precision sensors that measure vibrations of water pipes to collect data on leaks in a community water system.
The data from the sensors is collected via networks and analyzed remotely through the cloud and then can be used to identify the locations of water leaks.
the NEC team installed a series of 33 sensors at two main sites in the Arlington water system.
Only three thin, additional layers are applied on top of standard LCD panels. Low power consumption: The system requires only small amount of electricity or computational power for its operation.
The primary power consumption is from a special LCD shutter that creates the 3d viewing experience.
The SSE screen consists of three thin layers on top of a standard LCD screen: a rear-facing lenticular, an LCD shutter and a front-facing lenticular.
While enabling the multi-angle display of 3d images, SSE technology preserves the full native screen resolution of the primary LCD screen.
It requires no complicated holography equipment and takes up roughly the same space as a traditional screen.
the drug led to abnormal development of microchambers, including decreased size, problems with muscle contraction and lower beat rates compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to thalidomide. e chose drug cardiac developmental toxicity screening to demonstrate a clinically relevant application of the cardiac microchambers,
and other UC Berkeley researchers publicly debuted a system of beating human heart cells on a chip that could be used to screen for drug toxicity.
However, that heart-on-a-chip device used pre-differentiated cardiac cells to mimic adult-like tissue structure.
and the excellent precision of our detector, we have examined all possibilities for these signals, and conclude that they can only be explained by pentaquark states,
which currently dominate the battery-run electronics market. Lithium air batteries are especially promising for the electric car industry,
Batteries consist of one electrode on either side an anode and a cathode and an electrolyte between them.
The new probe is expected to have a broad range of applications in fields ranging from chemistry to semiconductor design
or conductive into the resonance chamber, meaning it very difficult to look at transistors or other electronic devices.
we can imagine seeing atom-sized defects in chips, says Campbell, an electrical engineer whose work often concerns the semiconductor industry. ut wee also excited for the huge number of people who can now use this technique in chemistry and biology.
It a simple, elegant solution to a longstanding problem. l
#HIV uses the immune system own tools to suppress it Canadian research team at the IRCM in Montréal,
In all of the experiments, the mice were about three feet away from the command antenna. his is the kind of revolutionary tool development that neuroscientists need to map out brain circuit activity
t in line with the goals of the NIH BRAIN INITIATIVE. he researchers fabricated the implant using semiconductor computer chip manufacturing techniques.
and has four microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes. They installed an expandable material at the bottom of the drug reservoirs to control delivery.
possibly in the form of faster transistors and more sensitive photodetectors. hen it comes to electronic properties,
Semiconductors can be grown into nanowires and the result is a useful building block for electrical, optical,
Electron microscope images showing the formation of a nickel silicide nanoparticle (colored yellow) in a silicon nanowire.
the research team used two customised electron microscopes, one at IBM TJ Watson Research center and a second at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
said Hofmann. t a flexible platform that can be used for different technologies. ossible applications for this technique range from atomically perfect buried interconnects to single-electron transistors, high-density memories, light emission, semiconductor lasers,
and tunnel diodes, along with the capability to engineer three-dimensional device structures. his process has enabled us to understand the behaviour of nanoscale materials in unprecedented detail,
it took graphene to also make it sensitive to cancer. e showed experimentally that simply the addition of graphene led to a clear increase in the sensor signal, aid Dr. Georg Duesberg,
since it can be adapted to almost any type of disease markers. ven though the SPR sensor is not the only method scientists are currently developing for cancer screening,
The sensor has shown yet its value in detecting cholera without error, and, as the authors wrote in the current study,
What he foundhat you don need a magnetic material to create spin current from insulatorsas important implications for the field of spintronics and the development of high-speed,
low-power electronics that use electron spin rather than charge to carry information. Wu work upends prevailing ideas of how to generate a current of spins. his is a discovery in the true sense
Until now scientists and engineers have relied on shrinking electronics to make them faster, but now increasingly clever methods must be used to sustain the continued progression of electronics technology,
as we reach the limit of how small we can create a transistor. One such method is to separate the flow of electron spin from the flow of electron current
upending the idea that information needs to be carried on wires and instead flowing it through insulators.
In a spintronic device you don have to use a ferromagnet. You can use either a paramagnetic metal or a paramagnetic insulator to do it now
as well as capacitors whose energy storage capacity increases about tenfold when the fibers are stretched. Fibers and cables derived from the invention might one day be used as interconnects for super-elastic electronic circuits;
robots and exoskeletons having great reach; morphing aircraft; giant-range strain sensors; failure-free pacemaker leads;
and super-stretchy charger cords for electronic devices. In a study published in the July 24 issue of the journalscience,
the scientists describe how they constructed the fibers by wrapping lighter-than-air, electrically conductive sheets of tiny carbon nanotubes to form a jellyroll-like sheath around a long rubber core.
the researchers made strain sensors and artificial muscles in which the buckled nanotube sheaths serve as electrodes
and the thin rubber layer is a dielectric, resulting in a fiber capacitor. These fiber capacitors exhibited a capacitance change of 860 percent
when the fiber was stretched 950 percent. o presently available material-based strain sensor can operate over nearly as large a strain range,
Liu said. Adding twist to these double-sheath fibers resulted in fast, electrically powered torsional
or rotating artificial muscles that could be used to rotate mirrors in optical circuits or pump liquids in miniature devices used for chemical analysis,
along with a seed grant from Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied science, funded this work. he use of a packed bed of beads for Chip allowed us to collect the chromatin fragments with a very high efficiency.
The entire MOWCHIP process takes about 90 minutes as opposed to many hours that conventional Chip assays took.
ingestible electronics, which can diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions in the GI TRACT; or extended-release drug-delivery systems that could last for weeks
A nanoscale view of the new superfast fluorescent system using a transmission electron microscope. The silver cube is just 75-nanometers wide.
At its most basic level, your smart phone battery is powering billions of transistors using electrons to flip on and off billions of times per second.
But if microchips could use photons instead of electrons to process and transmit data, computers could operate even faster.
they are too energy-hungry and unwieldy to integrate into computer chips. Duke university researchers are now one step closer to such a light source.
In a new study, a team from the Pratt School of engineering pushed semiconductor quantum dots to emit light at more than 90 gigahertz.
This so-called plasmonic device could one day be used in optical computing chips or for optical communication between traditional electronic microchips. his is something that the scientific community has wanted to do for a long time,
said Maiken Mikkelsen, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at Duke. e can now start to think about making fast-switching devices based on this research, so there a lot of excitement about this demonstration. leb Akselrod, Maiken Mikkelsen,
and off at more than 90 gigahertz. here is great interest in replacing lasers with LEDS for short-distance optical communication,
like wee done here with semiconductors, we can create new designer materials with almost any optical properties we desire,
They have proven that semiconductor lasers are capable of emitting over the full visible color spectrum,
The researchers have created a novel nanosheet a thin layer of semiconductor that measures roughly one-fifth of the thickness of human hair in size with a thickness that is roughly one-thousandth of the thickness of human hair with three
The technological advance puts lasers one step closer to being a mainstream light source and potential replacement or alternative to light emitting diodes (LEDS.
In typical LED-based lighting a blue LED is coated with phosphor materials to convert a portion of the blue light to green, yellow and red light.
This mixture of colored light will be perceived by humans as white light and can therefore be used for general illumination.
The researchers showed that the human eye is as comfortable with white light generated by diode lasers as with that produced by LEDS,
Ning said. single tiny piece of semiconductor material emitting laser light in all colors or in white is desired.
Semiconductors, usually a solid chemical element or compound arranged into crystals, are used widely for computer chips or for light generation in telecommunication systems.
They have interesting optical properties and are used to make lasers and LEDS because they can emit light of a specific color
when a voltage is applied to them. The most preferred light emitting material for semiconductors is indium gallium nitride
though other materials such as cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide also are used for emitting visible colors. The main challenge, the researchers noted, lies in the way light emitting semiconductor materials are grown
and how they work to emit light of different colors. Typically a given semiconductor emits light of a single color blue,
green or red that is determined by a unique atomic structure and energy bandgap. The attice constantrepresents the distance between the atoms.
To produce all possible wavelengths in the visible spectral range you need several semiconductors of very different lattice constants
and energy bandgaps. ur goal is to achieve a single semiconductor piece capable of laser operation in the three fundamental lasing colors.
The piece should be small enough so that people can perceive only one overall mixed color,
instead of three individual colors, said Fan. ut it was not easy. he key obstacle is called an issue lattice mismatch,
Liu said. e have not been able to grow different semiconductor crystals together in high enough quality,
The most desired solution, according to Ning, would be to have a single semiconductor structure that emits all needed colors.
Six years ago, under U s army Research Office funding, they demonstrated that one could indeed grow nanowire materials in a wide range of energy bandgaps
Later on they realized simultaneous laser operation in green and red from a single semiconductor nanosheet or nanowires.
proved to be a greater challenge with its wide energy bandgap and very different material properties. e have struggled for almost two years to grow blue emitting materials in nanosheet form,
and an important breakthrough that finally made it possible to grow a single piece of structure containing three segments of different semiconductors emitting all needed colors and the white lasers possible.
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