Reliable, ultrathin wearable electronic devices that stick to the skin like a temporary tattoo are a relatively new innovation.
"We are trying to add more types of sensors including blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitors to the low-cost patch
are markedly faster than electronic circuits. Unfortunately, they're also bigger. It's difficult to localize visible light below its diffraction limit, about 200-300 nanometers,
the photonic circuit size limitation has given electronic circuits a significant advantage, despite the speed discrepancy. Now researchers at the University of Rochester have demonstrated a key achievement in shrinking photonic devices below the diffraction limit--a necessary step on the road to making photonic circuits competitive with today's technology.
Future work for the group includes reducing potential contamination in device assembly by transitioning to a complete dry transfer of wires and Mos2 onto prefabricated electrodes,
#A quantum logic gate in silicon built for the for the first time (w/video) The significant advance, by a team at the University of New south wales (UNSW) in Sydney appears today in the international journal Nature("A two-qubit logic gate in silicon"."
"We've demonstrated a two-qubit logic gate-the central building block of a quantum computer-and, significantly, done it in silicon.
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
-and thereby create a logic gate-using silicon. But the UNSW team-working with Professor Kohei M. Itoh of Japan's Keio University-has done just that for the first time.
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
the development of new, lighter and stronger materials spanning consumer electronics to aircraft; and faster information searching through large databases s
Karnik says graphene nanopores could be useful as sensors for instance, detecting ions of mercury, potassium, or fluoride in solution.
if perfected, could lead to a novel tabletop magnetic measurement technique and new, nanoscale electronic devices based on electrical spin, rather than charge.
similar to the ones used in current hard-disk drives and magnetic sensors. However, up to now an additional magnet was necessary for a read-out of skyrmions.
The possibility to use arbitrary metallic electrodes significantly simplifies the fabrication and operation of such novel storage devices
"The Journal of the American Chemical Society published the findings from this discovery("Carbon Electrodes for K-Ion Batteries),
The sensor does need not to be activated chemically and is rapid-acting within five minutes-enabling the targeted antibodies to be detected easily, even in complex clinical samples such as blood serum."
These microscopic widgets could be customized into incredibly sensitive chemical detectors or long-lasting catalysts, to name a few possible applications.
#A stretchable far-field communication antenna far wearable electronics The age of wearable electronics is upon us as witnessed by the fast growing array of smart watches, fitness bands and other advanced,
"In order for these wearable sensor devices to become fully integrated into sophisticated monitoring systems, they require wireless interfaces to external communication devices such as smartphones.
like the sensor systems, perform even under extreme deformations and during extended periods of normal daily activities."
the antenna for far-field communication, is still a challenge,"Muhammad Mustafa Hussain, an Associate professor of Electrical engineering at KAUST, tells Nanowerk.
To complement existing designs for stretchable antenna systems which usually radiate at different resonant frequencies
or the exotic materials used an international team led by Hussain now demonstrates a stretchable and wearable antenna that can provide a single frequency operation
("Metal/Polymer Based Stretchable Antenna for Constant Frequency Far-Field Communication in Wearable Electronics"."The paper will be the front cover article of the print edition.
The team's flexible and stretchable metal thin-film (copper) antenna for far-field communication up to 80 meters
"We fabricated our antenna using a metal/polymer bilayer process the resulting structure combines the conductivity of the metal
"The key reason the antenna needed to be fabricated as a metal/polymer bilayer is that standalone metal thin films are very malleable,
"That means that a metal thin film lateral spring structure cannot be used as a stretchable antenna,
As a result, the key performance parameters of the antenna do not change with bending,
stretching, flexing and twisting hence the antenna can continuously communicate information in the Wifi frequency band
the researchers found that their antenna retains all its essential properties such as gain, radiation pattern, directionality, operation frequency and bandwidth for up to 30%strain and for 2000 stretching cycles.
As a next step, the team will integrate their stretchable antenna into a fully integrated, flexible, stretchable and wearable sensor array for real-time communication of sensor information s
It consists of two metallic electrodes that are separated by a so-called solid ion conductor usually a transition metal oxide.
and reduction processes on the electrodes, as well as ions within the layer between being displaced. The advantage is that cells that are constructed in this way are easy to produce
alerting the wearer by turning on an LED light("Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Graphene-Based Single Yarn for Use in Wearable Gas Sensor").
The fabrics were three times as sensitive to nitrogen dioxide in air compared to another reduced graphene oxide sensor previously prepared on a flat material.
and filter harmful gas from air. his sensor can bring a significant change to our daily life
unlike the gas sensors invariably developed with the existing solid substrates, says Dr. Hyung-Kun Lee,
By setting up a detector and analyzing the wave interference pattern, scientists can determine information like the distance between atoms.
To ensure that the electron pulse arrives at the sample or detector with the desired properties in spite of inter-electron repulsion
as they do in computer chips. As a semimetal, graphene naturally has no bandgaps, making it a challenge for widespread industry adoption.
"For use in electronic devices, the semiconductor industry is interested primarily in three faces of a germanium crystal.
night-vision goggles and smoke detectors to surveillance systems and satellites--that rely on electronic light sensors. Integrated into a digital camera lens, for example, it could reduce bulkiness and boost both the acquisition speed and quality of video or still photos.
The researchers also placed electrodes under the phototransistor's ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer--and the metal layer and electrodes each act as reflectors
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
Future applications of such a DNA walker might include a cancer detector that could roam the human body searching for cancerous cells
#Ultrasensitive sensors made from boron-doped graphene Ultrasensitive gas sensors based on the infusion of boron atoms into graphene--a tightly bound matrix of carbon atoms--may soon be possible, according to an international team of researchers
but it is also a highly sensitive gas sensor. With the addition of boron atoms, the boron graphene sensors were able to detect noxious gas molecules at extremely low concentrations, parts per billion in the case of nitrogen oxides and parts per million for ammonia
"will open a path to high-performance sensors that can detect trace amounts of many other molecules."
Once fabricated, the researchers sent boron graphene samples to researchers at the Honda Research Institute USA Inc.,Columbus, Ohio, who tested the samples against their own highly sensitive gas sensors.
UK, studied the transport mechanism of the sensors. Novoselov was the 2010 Nobel laureate in physics.
"This multidisciplinary research paves a new avenue for further exploration of ultrasensitive gas sensors, "said Avetik Harutyunyan,
chief scientist and project leader at Honda Research Institute USA Inc."Our approach combines novel nanomaterials with continuous ultraviolet light radiation in the sensor design that have been developed in our laboratory by lead researcher Dr
which is up to six orders of magnitude better sensitivity than current state-of-the-art sensors.""These sensors can be used for labs and industries that use ammonia, a highly corrosive health hazard,
or to detect nitrogen oxides, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant emitted from automobile tailpipes. In addition to detecting toxic or flammable gases,
curved arrays of individual lenses allow small-scale sensors to perceive a broader picture. The cylindrical arrangement shown in the schematic allowed researchers to resolve a 170-degree field of view.
a graduate student and first author of the study published in Nano Letters("Mechanically Self-Assembled, Three-dimensional Grapheneold Hybrid Nanostructures for Advanced Nanoplasmonic Sensors").
These by design electrodes are shielded by a covering that the brain recognizes as part of its own composition.
an assistant professor of animal and dairy science in the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental sciences. his is proof of concept that extracellular matrix can be used to ensheathe a functioning electrode without the use of any other foreign
and Mark Allen of the University of Pennsylvania, found that the extracellular matrix derived electrodes adapted to the mechanical properties of brain tissue
this same methodology could then be applied in getting these extracellular matrix derived electrodes to be the next wave of brain implants,
Toward a microfabricated neural interface based on natural materialsextracellular matrix (ECM)- based implantable neural electrodes (NES) were achieved using a microfabrication strategy on natural-substrate-based organic materials.
and range from paper-based tools to expensive, sophisticated electronic devices. Our AAC device uses analogue signals in continuous form,
The clinical work involved the placement of electrode arrays onto the paralyzed volunteer sensory cortexhe brain region responsible for identifying tactile sensations such as pressure.
The APL hand contains sophisticated torque sensors that can detect when pressure is being applied to any of its fingers,
as detectors for the protein fibers implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer.
They are now developing sensors for the amyloid fibrils that may allow experimenters to use droplets of liquid crystals in emulsion rather than the flat surfaces used in the proof-of-concept experiments.
or other body fluid using the new detectors, or for drug researchers to put the amyloid proteins in water,
How Embedded Optical Sensors Could Make Robotic Hands More Dexterous Carnegie mellon creates sensor rich robotic hand and new stretchable sensor.
Optical sensors may be suited uniquely for use in robotic hands, according to Carnegie mellon University researchers who have developed a three-fingered soft robotic hand with multiple embedded fiber optic sensors.
They also have created a new type of stretchable optical sensor. By using fiber optics, the researchers were embed able to 14 strain sensors into each of the fingers in the robotic hand,
giving it the ability to determine where its fingertips are in contact and to detect forces of less than a tenth of a newton.
The new stretchable optical sensing material not incorporated in this version of the hand, potentially could be used in a soft robotic skin to provide even more feedback. f you want robots to work autonomously
you need robotic hands that have more sensors than is said typical today Yong-Lae Park,
but even a state-of-the-art humanoid such as NASA Robonaut has only 42 sensors in its hand and wrist.
or force sensors is problematic because wiring can be complicated, prone to breaking and susceptible to interference from electric motors and other electromagnetic devices.
But a single optical fiber can contain several sensors; all of the sensors in each of the fingers of the CMU hand are connected with four fibers,
although, theoretically, a single fiber could do the job, Park said. And the optical sensors are impervious to electromagnetic interference.
The Carnegie mellon researchers will discuss the robotic hand, developed together with researchers at Intelligent Fiber optic Systems Corp.,with support from NASA, Sept. 29 at the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2015, in Hamburg, Germany.
A report on the highly stretchable optical sensors will be presented Oct 1 at the same conference. Industrial robots
are capable of extremely precise manipulation with only limited sensors. But as roboticists at CMU and elsewhere work to develop soft robots that can interact routinely and safely with humans,
The skeletal onesare 3-D-printed hard plastic and incorporate eight sensors for detecting force.
The skeletal onesare 3-D-printed hard plastic and incorporate eight sensors for detecting force.
Each of the three sections is covered with a soft silicone rubber skin embedded with a total of six sensors that detect where contact has been made.
and Kevin Low, incorporates commercially available fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, which detect strain by measuring shifts in the wavelength of light reflected by the optical fiber.
Despite their advantages, conventional optical sensors don stretch much glass fibers stretch hardly at all and even polymer fibers stretch typically only 20-25 percent, Park noted.
Park has developed previously highly stretchable microfluidic soft sensors membranes that measure strain via liquid-conductor-filled channels
working with mechanical engineering students Celeste To from CMU and Tess Lee Hellebrekers from the University of Texas, invented a highly stretchable and flexible optical sensor, using a combination of commercially available silicone rubbers.
Park said this type of flexible optical sensor could be incorporated into soft skins. Such a skin would
and made it a light sensor, says Catherine Drennan, a professor of chemistry and biology at MIT.
which includes a small array of electrodes implanted into the brain, has performed well in laboratory testing in animals
With the permission of patients who had implanted electrodes in their hippocampi to treat chronic seizures,
had implanted electrodes into the area of the brain that processes touch information from the hand.
New york-based firm Dogstar has created a device it describes as the orld first dog emotion sensor Known as Tailtalk,
which sent signals via bluetooth to electrodes attached to their legsmovie Camera. These stimulated the students'muscles,
Pfeiffer says the electrode's current causes a tingling sensation that diminishes the more someone uses the system.
#Clumps of gold nanoparticles can evolve to carry out computing Move over, microchip. A random assembly of gold nanoparticles can perform calculations normally reserved for neatly arranged patterns of silicon.
and surrounded them with eight electrodes. The computations happened when they applied just the right voltages to the cluster at six specific locations.
Then the gold effectively forms a network of transistors that lacks the strict order of connections in a regular microchip,
the algorithm found the voltages that transformed the system into any one of the six ogic gatesthat are the building blocks of conventional computer chips.
or more electrodes. he electrodes are probably more important, so that you can have more inputs and outputs. o
#Bionic pancreas automatically controls diabeticsblood sugar SENSOR, pump action! An app linked to a glucose sensor
and insulin pump can make life a lot easier for people with type 1 diabetes. he sense of potential freedom is amazing,
A glucose sensor and insulin pump, both attached to the abdomen, are used by some people with type 1 diabetes to manage their condition,
Compared with a sensor and pump without an algorithm, children using the bionic device spent half as much time with seriously low sugar levels,
#Clump of gold nanoparticles can evolve to carry out computing MOVE OVER, microchip. A random assembly of gold nanoparticles can perform calculations normally reserved for neatly arranged patterns of silicon.
and placed eight electrodes around them. When they applied just the right voltages to the cluster at six specific locations,
the gold behaved like a network of transistors but without the strict sequence of connections in a regular microchip.
The team was able to find voltages to transform the system into any one of the six ogic gatesthat are the building blocks of computer chips.
We can use them to make more efficient displays for mobile devices, sensors with greater resolution,
#Single molecule detector reveals biomolecule secrets Supersensitive detection systems are an important element of today's life sciences.
To determine distributions of lengths of strands precisely the researchers developed an Open Micro-Electrophoresis Chip (OMEC)
This chip allows the separation of molecules for analysis at the single molecule level m
Netherlands) have managed now to equip low-loss light chips with new ctive functionalities such as generating,
The MESA+chip can create a very wide light spectrum spanning blue to infrared (470 to 2130nm.
By doing so the developers say they have made light chip with the largest frequency range ever The scientists explain the advantages of their development thus:
The MESA+researchers have for a long time been looking for methods to generate the broadest possible light spectrum on a chip.
The Twente scientists have managed now successfully to create a light chip with what they are calling he broadest light spectrum ever The chip achieves a bandwidth of 495thz,
which is more than 50%wider than the previous record. According to research leader Prof. Dr Klaus Boller this broad spectrum demonstrates the potential of the technology.
These materials have the lowest optic losses on a chip and are, therefore, already extremely relevant.
What's more, the fabrication matches the standard processes in the chip industry, making it suitable for mass production.
The spectrum created by this chip is not constant, but comprises about 12 million peaks that lie at exactly the same distance from each other.
e have shown ultra-broadband on-chip supercontinuum generation in CMOS-compatible Si3n4 waveguides. When pumped at a center wavelength of 1064nm with pulses of 115 fs duration,
the widest supercontinuum ever generated on a chip. The visible to infrared coverage, extending throughout most of the transparency range of Si3n4
and Sio2, appears to be highly attractive for applications such as for self-referencing optical frequency combs on a chip or widely tunable light sources for label-free microscopy and imaging in life sciences. m
and Oxford and Exeter, both UK, has developed the first all-optical permanent on-chip memory.
The KIT-led team have developed now the first all-optical, nonvolatile on-chip memory. Professor Wolfram Pernice explained,
The scientists conclude that permanent all-optical on-chip memories could onsiderably increase future performance of computers while reducing their energy consumption.
Our on-chip memory cells feature single-shot readout and switching energies as low as 13. 4pj at speeds approaching 1ghz.
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits us to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
A zero-index material that fits on a chip could have exciting applications, especially in the world of quantum computing.
Learning from recent attempts to combine III-V and silicon materials in Finfet electronic devices, the Belgian team grew their laser structures directly onto a standard silicon wafer.
on-chip lasers that could be produced using the approach, concluding that: n particular, for on-chip optical interconnects, the demonstrated monolithic laser array,
together with the WDM technology, may finally pave the way to terascale computing. Photonic integrated circuits (PICS) based on the technology could dramatically change the architecture of fiber-optic transceivers used in data center optical interconnects, by pushing down the cost of chip-level data transfer between logic and memory devices.
That would in turn enable a radical scaling of a data center capacity, while simultaneously reducing increasingly colossal power demands with higher-efficiency data transfer.
Researchers say the lab-on-chip device is a step toward creating quantum computers that could help design new drugs,
Developed by a team from the University of Bristol and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. NTT) in Japan, the fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments
The system consists of a cascade of 15 Mach-Zehnder interferometers with 30 thermo-optic phase shifters and 12 single-photon detectors.
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled,
"The team demonstrated the chip's capabilities by programming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to reprogram the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment,"said Jacques Carolan, a doctoral student at Bristol."
"We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet
#Color-Changing Substance Detects Biological, Mechanical Problems CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Sept. 9, 2015 Responsive to a range of stimuli, a color-changing metallic substance could help detect problems as varied as mechanical strain and pollution.
#Fiber Sensors Improve Robot Touch Sensitivity Fiber optic sensors could give robots the sensitivity needed to handle delicate objects and work safely alongside humans.
A three-fingered, soft robotic hand features 14 embedded fiber optic strain sensors that enable the hand to determine where its fingertips are in contact
you need robotic hands that have more sensors than is said typical today Yong-Lae Park,
but even a state-of-the-art humanoid such as NASA's Robonaut has only 42 sensors in its hand and wrist,
It incorporates commercially available fiber Bragg grating sensors, which detect strain by measuring shifts in the wavelength of light propagating through optical fiber.
Conventional pressure or force sensors are problematic because their wiring can be complicated, prone to breaking and susceptible to electromagnetic interference.
and one strand can contain several sensors. All of the sensors in each of the fingers of the robotic hand are connected with four fibers,
although, theoretically, a single fiber could do the job, Park said. Despite their advantages, conventional fiber optic sensors don't stretch much.
Glass fibers stretch hardly at all, and even polymer fibers stretch typically only 20 to 25 percent,
Future versions of the hand could be made even more sensitive with artificial skin that incorporates stretchable fiber sensors based on commercially available silicone rubber.
are capable of extremely precise manipulation with only limited sensors. But as roboticists work to develop soft robots that can interact routinely and safely with humans,
The electrodes sent electrical pulses to the rats neurons when their heads pointed north and south.
And Won't Catch on Fire Almost all of the electronic devices that we carry around with us all day now rely on one key,
plus different antenna systems coming out of his backpack. So we talked about it, and if he had a heads-up display,
Pete Jameson, chief operating officer at ODG, points out that the company R-6 glasses, commercially available for just under $5, 000, have an ambient light sensor and swappable photochromic shields for handling glare."
and sensors like accelerometers have all found their way from our pockets to the skies.
The concept uses a sensor to detect an explosion in water or air--say, an IED on the side of the road--then estimates the time and location of the explosion.
Next, the signal from the sensor triggers a laser (or a blast of electricity or microwave energy) that heats up a section of air or water
Nanotechnology could be used to build the embedded control system, sensors and computers for any liquid metal robot.
#This Sleeve Will Help Save PITCHERS'Arms Motus mthrow Brian Klutch Sensors: Gyroscopes, accelerometers Weight:
#Putting Sensors In Bridges And Tunnels Could Make Their Walls Talk Trying to get a building to tell you how it feeling is,
by creating various sensors to fit inside buildings, tunnels, and bridges. With the feedback collected from these sensors,
inspectors will have a better understanding of how a city's infrastructure is holding up GENESI is an awkward acronym for reen sensonr NETWORKS for Structural monitoring.
GENESI puts sensors into a city's various structures to let them"communicate"their status. These sensors include ibrating strain gauges, displacement meters, pressure sensors, temperature sensors,
and soil moisture sensors.""To conserve power, they have energy harvesting capabilities, and engineers can periodically wake them up to get fresh readings from the sensors and check for any changes.
One of GENESI two pilot projects is a testbed in the tunnels of Rome underground rail system,
where wire sensors that pick up strain from vibration were placed inside certain concrete segments. Data loggers record the data,
transmitting the information to a wireless setup and relay system, which then sends it out via cell networks to a remote server.
but powering sensors--even really efficient sensors--requires some form of electric charging or battery replacement.
But each GENESI node and sensor includes a miniature wind turbine that harvests energy from passing trains.
For all other sensors, whether tucked away in tunnel walls or nestled in dark unlit crevices under bridges,
This isn the first attempt to put streamlined insect-inspired sensors into drones but it the first time it been done for such tiny drones (others have tried to hook them up with bulky digital cameras.
A team of South korean researchers has developed a simple sensor based on the human nose to sniff out the smelly molecules.
The sensor is coated with special proteins called olfactory receptors that bind to the molecules when they are present.
In this particular sensor the researchers found human olfactory receptors that react to GSM and MIB,
In some experiments, patients have been able to move prosthetic limbs just by thinking about it--a chip implanted in the brain translates the electricity in the brain motor cortex into instructions for the prosthetic to move.
The prosthetic hand contains torque sensors that can detect minute changes in pressure. Once the brain and arm were hooked up
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