We could also use other sensors to assess methane outgassing levels and explosion risk. Initially the firm plans to use information collected by European space agency satellites
and its head is a small video camera. The feed relays to a control station, where a human surgeon operates it using joysticks.
For the first time satellites and ground-based detectors have watched as the planet sends out a tendril of plasma to fight off blasts of charged solar matter.
In January 2013 GPS sensors on the ground mapped electrons in the upper atmosphere and saw a tendril of increased electron density curling away from the north pole indicating that a plume of plasma was veering off towards the sun. At the same time three of NASA's THEMIS spacecraft
and Technology (NIST) in Boulder Colorado who developed the detector with NASA. Data must be encoded before it can be sent.
Mirin made a nanowire detector that operates at-270 C. This boosted the number of photons it received each second by two orders of magnitude compared with regular detectors.
The net is fitted with sensors that look for light reflecting from small pieces of debris and automatically aligns itself
and can hold components like sensors and cameras. They are typically put into low Earth orbit by a rocket
In the engine, a reservoir of ionic liquid soaks into a porous, metal chip and forms tiny pools in the pores of spikes on its surface.
Fresh liquid gets sucked onto the chip when ions are emitted, just as tree roots suck in water
The result is an array of between 500 and 5000 focussed ion beams that stream from each of the eight chips on the Cubesat when the electric field the strength
It will carry five scientific instruments including a methane sensor to try to pick up the gas in Mars's atmosphere.
which means that they must be aimed very precisely at detectors on the ground. To stabilise its pointing LLCD sits on devices that cancel out any vibrations on the LADEE spacecraft.
To maximise the chance of cloudless skies LLCD will be able to beam its light to any of three detectors in New mexico California or Spain.
It will deploy Sprint-A into low Earth orbit where the spacecraft will take aim at the planets using cameras and sensors that record extreme-ultraviolet light.
This month, Virgin galactic and chip-maker Qualcomm announced their backing of a venture called Oneweb.
Antenna weight can be brought down by using antennas that unfurl themselves in space, like those being developed by Sergio Pellegrino at the California Institute of technology.
This means antennas of similar size to today's can be made of lighter materials as they will only have to support their own weight in microgravity, rather than On earth's surface.
#Running the color gamut If LCD TVS start getting much more colorful and energy-efficient in the next few years,
QD Vision has developed an optical component that can boost the color gamut for LCD televisions by roughly 50 percent,
Replacing the bulb In conventional LCD TVS pixels are illuminated by a white LED backlight that passes through blue, red,
LCD TVS equipped with Color IQ produce 100 percent of the color gamut, with greater power efficiency than any other technology. he value proposition is that you are not changing the display,
LCD TVS made with Color IQ are just as colorful but are made for a few hundred dollars less
on implementing quantum dots into electronic devices. In a study funded by MIT Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation, Coe-Sullivan, QD Vision cofounder Jonathan Steckel Phd 6,
Along with Color IQ-powered LCD TVS, Amazon released a quantum dot Kindle last year, and Asus has a quantum dot notebook. nd there nothing in between that quantum dots can address,
#Two sensors in one MIT chemists have developed new nanoparticles that can simultaneously perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescent imaging in living animals.
In a paper appearing in the Nov 18 issue of Nature Communications the researchers demonstrate the use of the particles which carry distinct sensors for fluorescence
when the sensor encounters a target molecule such as Vitamin c. They have created also nanoparticles carrying the fluorescent agent plus up to three different drugs.
which uses sensor identification badges and analytics tools to track behavioral data on employees providing insights that can increase productivity.
Sociometric s system based on years of MIT research consists of employee identification badges with built-in Bluetooth sensors that track location and which way someone s facing.
Other sensors show when employees lean in signaling for instance engagement in a conversation and accelerometers can track their speed (sensing bursts of lethargy and vigor).
A built-in microphone records how often fast and loud individuals talk as well as tone of voice (but not actual conversation.
#Bacteria become genomic tape recorders MIT engineers have transformed the genome of the bacterium E coli into a long-term storage device for memory.
They envision that this stable erasable and easy-to-retrieve memory will be suited well for applications such as sensors for environmental and medical monitoring.
To achieve that they designed a genomic tape recorder that lets researchers write new information into any BACTERIAL DNA sequence.
which is why we re viewing it as a tape recorder because you can direct where that signal is written Lu says.
Bacterial sensorsenvironmental applications for this type of sensor include monitoring the ocean for carbon dioxide levels acidity or pollutants.
From walls to nanoscale chips This fall Spielberg jumped to the other end of the 3-D printing spectrum, moving from walls to nanoscale fluidic chips.
He is now working in the lab of A. John Hart, the Mitsui Career development Associate professor of Mechanical engineering,
to manufacture what known as a ab on a chip. Currently, when a doctor wants to run a series of blood tests on a patient,
a lab on a chip can theoretically take a minuscule sample of blood, run all of the required tests at once inside tiny channels embedded in the chip,
and produce nearly instantaneous results. Spielberg even sees the technology as a potential tool in military environments. t totally a convenience thing,
The current method for creating labs on a chip is labor-intensive, and, much like manufacturing a standard computer chip, starts with creating silicon wafers,
which act as a template for the final product. Even though he is only a few months into his new lab position with Hart,
The primary culprit in smartphone battery drain is an inefficient power amplifier a component that is designed to push the radio signal out through the phones antennas.
Prepared to send sizeable chunks of data at any given time the amplifiers stay at maximum voltage eating away power more than any other smartphone component and about 75 percent of electricity consumption in base stations#and wasting
But Eta Devices has developed a chip (for smartphones) and a shoebox-size module (for base stations) based on nearly a decade of MIT research to essentially switch gears to adjust voltage supply to power amplifiers as needed cutting the waste.
You can look at our technology as a high-speed gearbox that every few nanoseconds modulates the amount of power that the power amplifier draws from the battery explains Joel Dawson Eta Devices chief technology officer
and a former associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science who co-invented the technology. That turns out to be the key to keeping the efficiency very high.
When trialed in a base station last year Eta Devices module became the first transmitter for 4G LTE networks to achieve an average efficiency greater than 70 percent Dawson says.
Eta Devices has entered also conversations with major manufacturers of LTE-enabled smartphones to incorporate their chips by the end of next year.
If all midsized carrier networks were to replace current radio amplifiers with Eta Devices technology he says the reduction in greenhouse gases would be equivalent to taking about 5 million cars off the road.
The AMO technology was a new transmitter architecture where algorithms could choose from different voltages needed to transmit data in each power amplifier
A paper detailing the technology was presented at that year s IEEE Radio frequency Integrated circuits Symposium. That Deshpande Center grant was big in terms of the funding
which adjusts voltage to power amplifiers on the fly. But by adjusting that voltage continuously ET efficiency falls apart for 4G LTE
who has founded four other companies in his time at MIT Microchips Inc.,Springleaf Therapeutics, Entra Pharmaceuticals,
The team used a digital video camera to record the filamentsmotion as they hit the belt,
The same prototype also crams 1900 emitters onto a chip that s only a centimeter square quadrupling the array size and emitter density of even the best of its predecessors.
or the height of deposits must be consistent across an entire chip. To control the nanotubes growth the researchers first cover the emitter array with an ultrathin catalyst film
In the robot s watertight chamber are its control circuitry its battery a communications antenna and an inertial measurement unit
and stay in contact with it while traveling in a straight line so the prototype is equipped not yet with an ultrasound sensor.
If your suit happens to have sensors it could tourniquet you in the event of injury without you even having to think about it.
creating a flexible material that can change its color or fluorescence and its texture at the same time, on demand, by remote control.
These motors are controlled by amplifiers designed by David Otten a principal research engineer in MIT s Research Laboratory of Electronics.
The combination of such special electric motors and custom-designed bio-inspired legs allow force control on the ground without relying on delicate force sensors on the feet.#
customers use software to select third-party drone vehicles and components such as sensors, cameras, actuators, and communication devices configure settings,
and infrastructure with drones that require specific cameras and sensors as potential early customers. A company from scratch Airware roots date to 2005,
But companies developing cameras, sensors, and communication links for drones also stand to benefit, he adds,
He adds that at the 2014 Consumer electronics Show in Las vegas Bandwagon ran a demonstration version of its service for conference attendees.
When a DNA sample is exposed to this chip any strands that match the target sequences are trapped on the biochip.
In the near term the material could also be embedded in lab-on-a-chip devices to magnetically direct the flow of cells and other biological material through a diagnostic chip s microchannels.
Such patterns may be useful in directing cells through a microchip s channels or wicking moisture from a windshield.
But at the boundary itself, the camera sensor receives both red and blue light, so it averages them out to produce purple.
The sensor of a digital camera consists of an array of photodetectors millions of them, even in commodity devices.
it less expensive to design the sensor hardware so that it reads off the measurements of one row of photodetectors at a time.
and the bottom electrode the electron concentration of graphene could be tuned. The researchers then illuminated graphene with a strong light pulse and measured the change of electrical conduction by assessing the transmission of a second low-frequency light pulse.
Practical application of such a detector would therefore require increasing absorption efficiency such as by using multiple layers of graphene,
or electronic readers that eliminate the need for reading glasses among other applications. The first spectacles were invented in the 13th century says Gordon Wetzstein a research scientist at the Media Lab and one of the display's co-creators.
instead using two liquid-crystal displays (LCDS) in parallel. Carefully tailoring the images displayed on the LCDS to each other allows the system to mask perspectives
while letting much more light pass through. Wetzstein envisions that commercial versions of a vision-correcting screen would use the same technique.
Recently, scientists have explored ways to improve the efficiency of solar-thermal harvesting by developing new solar receivers and by working with nanofluids.
To test the hypothesis Wu wore a glove outfitted with multiple position-recording sensors and attached to her wrist via a light brace.
Now the same team has demonstrated that this process can generate small amounts of electricity that might be used to power electronic devices.
or other sources of ambient energy and represents an amount that could be sufficient to provide useful power for electronic devices in some remote locations.
For powering remote automated environmental sensors even a tiny amount of energy might be sufficient;
which can be used to power microelectromechanical devices and small electronic devices. He adds Getting power from a condensation process is definitely a novel idea as condensation is used mainly for thermal management.#
But this requires an uninterrupted continuous path between the transmitter and the receiver which is obviously not ideal for consumer products Soljacic says.
Witricity s system of transmitters and receivers with magnetic coils on the other hand efficiently transfers power over longer distances says CEO Alex Gruzen 84 SM 86.
The transmitter emanated a magnetic field oscillating at megahertz frequencies which the receiver matched ensuring a strong coupling between the units
and weak interaction with the rest of the environment including nonmetallic materials and humans. In fact they demonstrated that they could light the bulb at roughly 45 percent efficiency with all six researchers standing in between the two coils.
when adding more receiver coils power transfer efficiency climbs by more than 10 percent. In that experiment they used larger transmitting coils
We expect to have much more of these embedded electronic devices in people over the next decade or so t
For example, many radar antennas are housed in spherical domes, which can collapse catastrophically in very high winds.
For years, Li-Shiuan Peh, the Singapore Research Professor of Electrical engineering and Computer science at MIT, has argued that the massively multicore chips of the future will need to resemble little Internets,
it also solves one of the problems that has bedeviled previous attempts to design networks-on-chip:
In today chips, all the cores typically somewhere between two and six are connected by a single wire,
In a network-on-chip, each core is connected only to those immediately adjacent to it. ou can reach your neighbors really quickly,
Every core on a chip has its own cache a local, high-speed memory bank in which it stores frequently used data.
Most chips address this question with a protocol called noopy, because it involves snooping on other corescommunications.
But in a network-on-chip data is flying everywhere, and packets will frequently arrive at different cores in different sequences.
and their colleagues solve this problem by equipping their chips with a second network, which shadows the first.
During each interval, the chip 36 cores are given different, hierarchical priorities. Say, for instance, that during one interval,
Cache coherence in multicore chips s a big problem, and it one that gets larger all the time,
in that theye built a working chip. I be surprised if these technologies didn find their way into commercial products.
After testing the prototype chips to ensure that theye operational Daya intends to load them with a version of the Linux operating system,
At that point, she plans to release the blueprints for the chip, written in the hardware description language Verilog,
Typically, leaks are found using aboveground acoustic sensors, which listen for faint sounds and vibrations caused by leakage,
or in-pipe detectors, which sometimes use video cameras to look for signs of pipe breaks. But all such systems are very slow
and can miss small leaks altogether. Now researchers at MIT and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi arabia have devised a robotic system that can detect leaks at a rapid pace and with high accuracy by sensing a large pressure
That distortion can be detected by force-resistive sensors via a carefully designed mechanical system (similar to the sensors used in computer trackpads),
At present, the 3 mph top speed of the device is imposed by the propulsion motors, not the detector itself,
gathered through various sensors, actuators, and meters attached to equipment that measure functionality. Clockworks sifts through that massive store of data, measuring temperatures, pressures, flows, set points,
Liberating data By bringing all this data about building equipment to the cloud, the technology has plugged into the nternet of thingsa concept where objects would be connected, via embedded chips and other methods, to the Internet for inventory and other purposes.
as technology to monitor houses such as automated thermostats and other sensors begins to nlock the data in the residential scale,
Gayeski says, GS could adapt over time into that space, as well. o
#The incredible shrinking power brick While laptops continue to shrink in size and weight, the ower bricksthat charge them remain heavy and bulky.
which are like tiny liquid-crystal displays (LCDS) positioned between the light source and the lens. Patterns of light and dark on the first modulator effectively turn it into a bank of slightly angled light emitters that is,
One of the problems with LCD screens is that they don enable rue black A little light always leaks through even the darkest regions of the display. ormally you have contrast of,
Like sonar or radar terahertz imaging produces an image by comparing measurements across an array of sensors.
since the distance between sensors is proportional to wavelength. In the latest issue of IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation researchers in MIT s Research Laboratory for Electronics describe a new technique that could reduce the number of sensors required for terahertz
or millimeter-wave imaging by a factor of 10 or even 100 making them more practical.
so that light reflected by a small patch of the visual scene strikes a correspondingly small patch of the sensor array.
In lower-frequency imaging systems by contrast an incoming wave whether electromagnetic or in the case of sonar acoustic strikes all of the sensors in the array.
and intensity of the wave by comparing its phase the alignment of its troughs and crests when it arrives at each of the sensors.
As long as the distance between sensors is no more than half the wavelength of the incoming wave that calculation is fairly straightforward a matter of inverting the sensors measurements.
But if the sensors are spaced farther than half a wavelength apart the inversion will yield more than one possible solution.
Those solutions will be spaced at regular angles around the sensor array a phenomenon known as spatial aliasing.
however any given circumference around the detector is populated usually sparsely. That s the phenomenon that the new system exploits.
Keeping every tenth sensor won t work: It s the regularity of the distances between sensors that leads to aliasing.
Arbitrarily varying the distances between sensors would solve that problem but it would also make inverting the sensors measurements calculating the wave s source and intensity prohibitively complicated.
Regular irregularityso Wornell and his co-authors James Krieger a former student of Wornell s who is now at MIT s Lincoln Laboratory
and Yuval Kochman a former postdoc who is now an assistant professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
instead prescribe a detector along which the sensors are distributed in pairs. The regular spacing between pairs of sensors ensures that the scene reconstruction can be calculated efficiently but the distance from each sensor to the next remains irregular.
The researchers also developed an algorithm that determines the optimal pattern for the sensors distribution.
In essence the algorithm maximizes the number of different distances between arbitrary pairs of sensors. With his new colleagues at Lincoln Lab Krieger has performed experiments at radar frequencies using a one-dimensional array of sensors deployed in a parking lot
which verified the predictions of the theory. Moreover Wornell s description of the sparsity assumptions of the theory 10 percent occupation at a given distance means one-tenth the sensors applies to one-dimensional arrays.
Many applications such as submarines sonar systems instead use two-dimensional arrays and in that case the savings compound:
One-tenth the sensors in each of two dimensions translates to one-hundredth the sensors in the complete array.
James Preisig a researcher at the Woods hole oceanographic institution and principal at JP Analytics says that he s most interested in the new technique s ability to reduce the computational burden of high-resolution sonar imaging.
This technique helps significantly with the computational complexity of using signals from very large arrays Preisig says.
using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with a specialized molecular sensor. This is the first time anyone has been able to map neural signals with high precision over large brain regions in living animals,
the researchers used an MRI sensor they had designed previously, consisting of an iron-containing protein that acts as a weak magnet.
When the sensor binds to dopamine, its magnetic interactions with the surrounding tissue weaken, which dims the tissue MRI signal.
After delivering the MRI sensor to the ventral striatum of rats, Jasanoff team electrically stimulated the mesolimbic pathway
Jasanoff lab is also working on sensors to track other neurotransmitters, allowing them to study interactions between neurotransmitters during different tasks.
and routing device that plugs into solar panels to power electronic devices, enabling a pay-as-you-go electricity system for people off the grid.
and its Mulciber Stove a woodstove equipped with sensors and a control system that automates burning.
and provides real-time data thanks to using exoelectrogens as sensors. hese bugs are generating electricity,
explains Buck, who invented Cambrian sensor technologies. With Ecovolt, Silver says, Cambrian aims to make treating
However a new sensor developed at MIT could change that: A research team led by professor Michael Cima has invented an injectable device that reveals oxygen levels over several weeks
Using this kind of sensor doctors may be able to better determine radiation doses and to monitor whether treatments are having the desired effect according to the researchers who describe the device in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of April 21.
This is the first MRI sensor of any kind that can be left in the body for extended periods of time so far up to four weeks in testing with rats.
With the new MIT sensor doctors could track the state of the tumor and predict how it might respond to radiation treatment according to the researchers.
The new MRI sensor combines two forms of silicone a solid called PDMS and a substance known as DDMPS which has an oily consistency.
The researchers shaped this polymer into a 1. 5-millimeter sensor that could be implanted in tissue during a biopsy;
After injection these particles clump together to form a solid sensor. DDMPS absorbs molecular oxygen
To test the sensors the researchers implanted them in the hind legs of rats and then measured how the signal changed as the rats breathed pure oxygen regular air and pure oxygen again.
The sensors detected changes in oxygen pressure as small as 15 millimeters of mercury and it took less than 10 minutes to see the effects of a change in inhaled gas.
When the experiment was repeated four weeks later the sensors yielded the same results. Ralph Weissleder a professor at Harvard Medical school and director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Molecular Imaging Research says this type of sensor is a novel way to potentially track how cancer patients
respond to treatment. The cancer field certainly needs something like this says Weissleder who was not part of the research team.
What s happening in a tumor This type of sensor could also be useful for monitoring blood flow in diabetic patients who often experience restricted circulation in their extremities
The researchers are now working on sensors that could be used to monitor other biological properties such as ph. We hope this is the first of many types of solid-state contrast agents where the material responds to its chemical environment in such a way that we can detect it by MRI Cima says.
and six environmental sensors adjust ankle stiffness power position and damping thousands of times per second at two major positions:
They could also be equipped with sensors that can ecordtheir environments noting for example, if a refrigerated vaccine has ever been exposed to temperatures too high or low.
This new approach could ultimately lead to advances in solar photovoltaics, detectors for telescopes and microscopes,
or diagnostic sensors says Timothy Lu an assistant professor of electrical engineering and biological engineering. Lu is the senior author of a paper describing the living functional materials in the March 23 issue of Nature Materials.
which gets you really rapid sensors, he says. A diagnostic pivot The assay is used today strictly for detection of bacteria.
Strano and the paper lead author, postdoc and plant biologist Juan Pablo Giraldo, envision turning plants into self-powered, photonic devices such as detectors for explosives or chemical weapons.
The researchers are also working on incorporating electronic devices into plants. he potential is really endless Strano says.
Lean green machines The researchers also showed that they could turn Arabidopsis thaliana plants into chemical sensors by delivering carbon nanotubes that detect the gas nitric oxide,
it alters the tube fluorescence. e could someday use these carbon nanotubes to make sensors that detect in real time, at the single-particle level,
By adapting the sensors to different targets, the researchers hope to develop plants that could be used to monitor environmental pollution,
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