Also airplanes etched in these nanostructures could potentially avoid the dangers of water freezing on the wings.
and to modify the conductivity of graphene nanostructures. Such applications could be some time off, says Geim."
and phosphorus. Keep the nanowires in line by etching them clean with hydrochloric acid and confining their diameter to 180 nanometers.
Exposed to the sun, a solar cell employing such nanowires can turn nearly 14 percent of the incoming light into electricity#a new record that opens up more possibilities for cheap and effective solar power.
#and validated at Germany's Fraunhofer Institute for Solar energy systems#this novel nanowire configuration delivered nearly as much electricity as more traditional indium phosphide thin-film solar cells
even though the nanowires themselves covered only 12 percent of the device's surface. That suggests such nanowire solar cells could prove cheaper
#and more powerful#if the process could be industrialized, argues physicist Magnus Borgstr#m of Lund University in Sweden,
The key will be even finer control of the nanowires themselves as they grow as well as the chemical tweaking of the constituent compounds.
Borgstr#m, for one, suspects that nanowire solar cells will stand on their own once the production process can be simplified,
such as growing the nanowires by applying simple heat and evaporation techniques in future. He explains:
#Electron beams set nanostructures aglow Put a piece of quartz under an electron microscope and it will shine an icy blue.
giving materials scientists a new tool for investigating the behaviour of light in the interiors of the complex nanostructures used in lasers, light-based circuits and solar cells."
along with collaborators in the United states and Spain, has used the technique to tease out how certain nanostructures interact with light.
Bao via e-mail. am impressed that they were able to inject even the nanowire transistors with very high yield.""
Within each of the tiny particles is an elaborate nanopore structure think of it as a series of microscopic holes within a thin membrane,
Manufacturing these structures is part of an elaborate process that involves breaking down the nanopore structures into niform-sized particlesthat are fabricated ompletely
Mirin made a nanowire detector that operates at-270 C. This boosted the number of photons it received each second by two orders of magnitude compared with regular detectors.
spinning out nanofibers for use in water filters body armor and smart textiles; or propulsion systems for fist-sized nanosatellites.
and height of the nanotubes the researchers were able to achieve a fluid flow that enabled an operating ion current at very near the theoretical limit.
To control the nanotubes growth the researchers first cover the emitter array with an ultrathin catalyst film
The nanotubes grow up under the catalyst particles which sit atop them until the catalyst degrades.
Using their nanotube forest they re able to get the devices to operate in pure ion mode
Recently, scientists have explored ways to improve the efficiency of solar-thermal harvesting by developing new solar receivers and by working with nanofluids.
The membranes combine a very thin layer of nanopores with a thicker layer of micropores to limit the passage of unwanted material
That combination of order and disorder contributes to eumelanin broadband absorption, the team found. t a naturally existing nanocomposite,
hat has very critical macroscopic properties as a result of the nanostructure. While eumelanin molecules all share a basic chemistry,
Grossman team tried attaching the molecules to carbon nanotubes (CNTS), but t incredibly hard to get these molecules packed onto a CNT in that kind of close packing,
Kucharski says. But then they found a big surprise: Even though the best they could achieve was a packing density less than half of
called azobenzene, protrude from the sides of the CNTS like the teeth of a comb.
they were interleaved with azobenzene molecules attached to adjacent CNTS. The net result: The molecules were actually much closer to each other than expected.
The interactions between azobenzene molecules on neighboring CNTS make the material work, Kucharski says. While previous modeling showed that the packing of azobenzenes on the same CNT would provide only a 30 percent increase in energy storage,
the experiments observed a 200 percent increase. New simulations confirmed that the effects of the packing between neighboring CNTS,
as opposed to on a single CNT, explain the significantly larger enhancements. This realization, Grossman says,
opens up a wide range of possible materials for optimizing heat storage. Instead of searching for specific photoswitching molecules
and create gold nanowires conducting biofilms and films studded with quantum dots or tiny crystals that exhibit quantum mechanical properties.
If gold nanoparticles are added to the environment the histidine tags will grab onto them creating rows of gold nanowires and a network that conducts electricity.
Using another type of carbon nanotube, they also modified plants to detect the gas nitric oxide. Together
photosynthetic activity measured by the rate of electron flow through the thylakoid membranes was 49 percent greater than that in isolated chloroplasts without embedded nanotubes.
the nanotubes moved into the chloroplast and boosted photosynthetic electron flow by about 30 percent.
Strano lab has developed previously carbon nanotube sensors for many different chemicals, including hydrogen peroxide, the explosive TNT, and the nerve gas sarin.
When the target molecule binds to a polymer wrapped around the nanotube, it alters the tube fluorescence. e could someday use these carbon nanotubes to make sensors that detect in real time, at the single-particle level,
In the past, researchers have exploited this phenomenon to create sensors by coating the nanotubes with molecules, such as natural antibodies, that bind to a particular target.
the carbon nanotube fluorescence brightens or dims. The MIT team found that they could create novel sensors by coating the nanotubes with specifically designed amphiphilic polymers polymers that are drawn to both oil and water, like soap.
This approach offers a huge array of recognition sites specific to different targets, and could be used to create sensors to monitor diseases such as cancer, inflammation,
or diabetes in living systems. his new technique gives us an unprecedented ability to recognize any target molecule by screening nanotube-polymer complexes to create synthetic analogs to antibody function,
Their approach takes advantage of a phenomenon that occurs when certain types of polymers bind to a carbon nanotube.
These loops form a new layer surrounding the nanotube, known as a corona. The MIT researchers found that the loops within the corona are arranged very precisely along the tube,
and alter the carbon nanotube fluorescence. Molecular interactions What is unique about this approach, the researchers say,
and the polymer before it attaches to the nanotube. he idea is that a chemist could not look at the polymer
It has to adsorb onto the nanotube and then, by having certain sections of the polymer exposed,
The researchers used an automated, robot-assisted trial and error procedure to test about 30 polymer-coated nanotubes against three dozen possible targets, yielding three hits.
They are now working on a way to predict such polymer-nanotube interactions based on the structure of the corona layers,
using data generated from a new type of microscope that Landry built to image the interactions between the carbon nanotube coronas
And the ground receiver is based on arrays of small inexpensive telescopes that are coupled fiber to highly efficient superconducting nanowires a photon counting technology that was brought to its high state of maturity by joint MIT and Lincoln Lab teams.
The new approach uses yarns, made from nanowires of the element niobium, as the electrodes in tiny supercapacitors (which are essentially pairs of electrically conducting fibers with an insulator between).
and that niobium nanowire yarn is a promising an alternative. magine youe got some kind of wearable health-monitoring system,
The new nanowire-based supercapacitor exceeds the performance of existing batteries, while occupying a very small volume. f youe got an Apple Watch and
Overall, niobium-based supercapacitors can store up to five times as much power in a given volume as carbon nanotube versions.
500 degrees Celsius so devices made from these nanowires could potentially be suitable for use in high-temperature applications.
individual niobium nanowires are just 140 nanometers in diameter 140 billionths of a meter across,
which the nanoribbons are pulled apart. The way atoms line up along the edge of a ribbon of graphenehe atom-thick form of carbonontrols
the Rice team used sophisticated computer modeling to show it's possible to rip nanoribbons
The researchers created highly organized nanostructures within a portion of the active layer of an organic solar cell meaning that the molecules in that portion all ran the same way.
and it tells us that we don't need highly ordered nanostructures for efficient free electron generation.
and nanostructure features are needed to advance organic solar cell technology. Explore further: Hybrid materials could smash the solar efficiency ceiling More information:
A similar effect can be realized at a much smaller scale by using arrays of metallic nanostructures since light of certain wavelengths excites collective oscillations of free electrons known as plasmon resonances in such structures.
An advantage of using metal nanostructures rather than inks is that it is possible to enhance the resolution of color images by a hundred fold.
The plasmon resonance wavelength varies sensitively with the dimensions of the nanostructures. Consequently by varying the diameter of the four aluminum nanodisks in a pixel (all four nanodisks having the same diameter) the scientists were able to produce about 15 distinct colors#a good start
Researchers use aluminum nanostructures for photorealistic printing of plasmonic color palettes More information: Tan S. J. Zhang L. Zhu D. Goh X. M. Wang Y. M. et al.
Plasmonic color palettes for photorealistic printing with aluminum nanostructures. Nano Letters 14 4023#4029 (2014.
The study also investigates how the size of the nanopores changes the repulsive forces on bacteria."
"It's probably one of the lowest-cost possibilities to manufacture a nanostructure on a metallic surface,
#Carbon nanotube finding could lead to flexible electronics with longer battery life University of Wisconsin-Madison materials engineers have made a significant leap toward creating higher-performance electronics with improved battery lifend the ability
the team has reported the highest-performing carbon nanotube transistors ever demonstrated. In addition to paving the way for improved consumer electronics,
000 times better and a conductance that's 100 times better than previous state-of-the-art carbon nanotube transistors."
because metallic nanotube impurities act like copper wires and"short"the device. Researchers have struggled also to control the placement and alignment of nanotubes.
Until now these two challenges have limited the development of high-performance carbon nanotube transistors. Building on more than two decades of carbon nanotube research in the field,
the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes,
achieving a solution of ultra-high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Previous techniques to align the nanotubes resulted in less than-desirable packing density,
or how close the nanotubes are to one another when they are assembled in a film. However, the UW-Madison researchers pioneered a new technique,
called floating evaporative self-assembly, or FESA, which they described earlier in 2014 in the ACS journal Langmuir.
In that technique, researchers exploited a self-assembly phenomenon triggered by rapidly evaporating a carbon nanotube solution.
The team's most recent advance also brings the field closer to realizing carbon nanotube transistors as a feasible replacement for silicon transistors in computer chips and in high-frequency communication devices,
which are rapidly approaching their physical scaling and performance limits.""This is not an incremental improvement in performance,
"With these results, we've really made a leap in carbon nanotube transistors. Our carbon nanotube transistors are an order of magnitude better in conductance than the best thin film transistor technologies currently being used commercially
while still switching on and off like a transistor is supposed to function.""The researchers have patented their technology through the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
and the Centre for Materials Physics (CSIC-UPV/EHU) has managed with atomic precision to create nanostructures combining graphene ribbons of varying widths.
On the other hand due to the great variability of electronic properties upon minimal changes in the structure of these nanoribbons exact control on an atomic level is an indispensable requirement to make the most of all their potential.
In the year 2010 however a way was found to synthesise nanoribbons with atomic precision by means of the so-called molecular self-assembly.
Manipulating nanoribbons at the molecular level More information: Bandgap Engineering of Bottom-up Synthesized Graphene nanoribbons by Controlled Heterojunctions.
and Chemical Biology and Professor Walter Kolch in Systems Biology Ireland synthesised nanorods with a long iron segment coated with polyethylene glycol
The team believe that Fe-Au functionalised nanorods used in conjunction with these drugs could be useful in cancer treatment.
After characterising and tuning the interaction of the nanorods with the cells the research team assessed how the cells respond to mechanical stimulation.
and used a novel microfluidic chip to monitor the interaction of individual nanorods with two human breast cancer cell lines that express the Erbb family of receptors at different rates.
When the HRG-nanorods bind to cancer cells expressing Erbb they kick off a cascade of signalling events that lead to cell death.
and T cells found that carbon nanotubes (CNTS) triggered a chain reaction in the complement system which is part of the innate immune system
The interaction between CNTS and C1q (a starter-protein for complement) was anti-inflammatory. This suggests that either coating nanoparticles
if the binding between complement proteins and CNTS was direct or indirect. However changing the surfaces of CNTS affected how likely the complement system was to be activated and in what way.
Using the data from this study carbon nanoparticles coated with genetically-engineered proteins are being used to target glioblastoma the most aggressive form of brain tumour.
#Scalable growth of high quality bismuth nanowires Bismuth nanowires have intriguing electronic and energy harvesting application possibilities.
A group at the CFN Brookhaven National Laboratory has demonstrated a new technique to produce single-crystal nanowires atop arbitrary substrates including glass silicon
#The simplicity of the technique and the universality of the mechanism open a new avenue for the growth of nanowire arrays of a variety of materials.
This is the first report on the high yield(>70%)synthesis of single crystalline bismuth nanowires a material with potentially exploitable and intriguing thermoelectric properties.#
#This technique produces bismuth nanowires in quantities limited only by the size of the substrate on
#The dimensions of the bismuth nanowires can be tuned over a very wide range simply by varying the substrate's temperature.#
#Further in contrast with other fabrication methods with this new technique there is no need for a catalyst to activate the production of the nanowires
CFN's Materials Synthesis and Characterization Electron microscopy and Advanced UV and X-ray Probes Facilities were used for synthesis of nanowires and their structural characterization.
Uniform nanowire arrays for science and manufacturing More information: Surface energy induced formation of single crystalline bismuth nanowires over vanadium thin film at room temperature.
Nano Letters 14 5630#5635 (2014) DOI: 10.1021/nl502208 2
#New'electronic skin'for prosthetics robotics detects pressure from different directions Touch can be a subtle sense,
#New technique allows low-cost creation of 3-D nanostructures Researchers from North carolina State university have developed a new lithography technique that uses nanoscale spheres to create three-dimensional (3-D) structures
or multiple beams of light allowing them to create a wide variety of nanostructure designs.
which gives us the ability to shape the resulting nanostructure in three dimensions without using the expensive equipment required by conventional techniques Chang says.
which in turn can be used to create a uniform pattern of 3-D nanostructures. This could be used to create an array of nanoneedles for use in drug delivery
or other applications says Xu Zhang a Ph d. student in Chang's lab and lead author of the paper.
For this work we focused on creating nanostructures using photosensitive polymers which are used commonly in lithography Zhang says.
The paper Sculpting Asymmetric Hollow-Core Three-dimensional Nanostructures Using Colloidal Particles was published online Dec 8 in the journal Small l
An article based on the research Heterogeneous nucleation and shape transformation of multicomponent metallic nanostructures appeared in the Nov 2 online issue of Nature Materials s
#Scientists use'smallest possible diamonds'to form ultra-thin nanothreads For the first time scientists have discovered how to produce ultra-thin diamond nanothreads that promise extraordinary properties including strength and stiffness greater than that of today's strongest nanotubes
They describe their nanowire mesh design in the journal ACS Nano. Peidong Yang Bin Liu and colleagues note that harnessing sunlight to split water
The researchers took a page from the paper industry using one of its processes to make a flat mesh out of light-absorbing semiconductor nanowires that
Scientists create multifunctional nanotubes using nontoxic materials A doctoral student in materials science at Technische Universitat Darmstadt is making multifunctional nanotubes of goldith the help of Vitamin c and other harmless substances.
The doctoral student in the research group of Professor Wolfgang Ensinger in the Department of Material Analysis is working on making nanotubes of gold.
The metal on the walls of the channels adopts the shape of nanotubes; the film is dissolved then.
and simple basic chemicals can produce such precise nanostructures"says Münch.""Green meets Nano"is a motto of the researchers at the TU.
The gold nanotubes are thus several hundred times finer than a human hair. Their wall thickness depends both on the duration of precipitation and on the gold concentration of the original solution.
the result is-depending on the experimental conditions-a collection of individual nanotubes or an array of hundreds of thousands of interconnected tubes.
"With 1 gram of gold, we could make a nanotube for literally every person on earth."
Ensinger's team has tested already successfully one use of the gold nanotubes: they are suitable for building sensors to measure hydrogen peroxide.
The gold nanotubes conduct electricity especially well due to their one-dimensional structure. In addition, they are relatively long
For example, they are thinking about also using the nanotubes to measure blood sugar.""A subcutaneous sensor could save diabetes patients from having to constantly prick their fingers"thinks Ensinger.
#Uniform nanowire arrays for science and manufacturing Defect-free nanowires with diameters in the range of 100 nanometers (nm) hold significant promise for numerous in demand applications including printable
Reproducible synthesis of gallium nitride nanowires with controlled size and location on silicon substrates. The result was achieved by improving selective wire-growth processes to produce one nanowire of controlled diameter per mask-grid opening over a range of diameters from 100 nm to 200 nm.
Ordered arrays with a variety of spacings were fabricated. In the near term the research will be used to create a wafer-scale arrays of probes for devices that examine the surface
and near-surface properties of materials to optimize nanowire LEDS and to produce nanowires with controlled diameter for a collaborative project involving printable transistors for millimeter-wave reconfigurable antennae e
#Designing complex structures beyond the capabilities of conventional lithography Gold nanoparticles smaller than 10 nanometers spontaneously self-organize in entirely new ways
#Nanotubes may restore sight to blind retinas The aging process affects everything from cardiovascular function to memory to sexuality.
The researchers combined semiconductor nanorods and carbon nanotubes to create a wireless light-sensitive flexible film that could potentially replace a damaged retina.
or older who have damage to a specific part of the retina will stand to benefit from the nanotube device
We hope our carbon nanotube and semiconductor nanorod film will serve as a compact replacement for damaged retinas.
We are still far away from actually replacing the damaged retina said Dr. Bareket. But we have demonstrated now that this new material stimulates neurons efficiently and wirelessly with light.
Specifically when a current is passed through the nanopore as the DNA passes through it causes a spike in the current unique to each chemical base (A c T or G) within the DNA molecule.
We have created possibly the smallest-ever stereoscopic images using pixels formed from plasmonic nanostructures Yang told Phys. org.
metal nanostructures can scatter different wavelengths (colors) of light due to the fact that the tiny nanostructures themselves resonate at different wavelengths.
If a nanostructure is circular its resonance is polarization-independent because the diameter of the circle is the same from all directions.
However if a nanostructure is biaxial (such as an ellipse or rectangle) its resonance will depend on the polarization of the incident light.
For example nanostructures that have circularly asymmetric shapes could have more than two polarization-dependent resonances due to the additional circularly polarized dimension.
Silver nanowire ink which is highly conductive and stable offers a more practical solution. Hu's team wanted to develop a way to print it directly on paper to make a sensor that could respond to touch or specific molecules such as glucose.
Direct Writing on Paper of Foldable Capacitive Touch Pads with Silver nanowire Inks ACS Appl. Mater.
10.1021/am506987w Abstractpaper-based capacitive touch pads can be fabricated utilizing high-concentration silver nanowire inks needle-printed directly onto paper substrates through a 2d programmable platform.
Post deposition silver nanowire tracks can be sintered photonically using a camera flash to reduce sheet resistance similar to thermal sintering approaches.
Touch pad sensors on a variety of paper substrates can be achieved with optimized silver nanowire tracks.
#New nanocomposites for aerospace and automotive industries The Center for Research in Advanced Materials (CIMAV) has developed reinforced graphite nanoplatelets seeking to improve the performance of solar cell materials.
These polymer-based nanocomposites are reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets for use in industry. Nanocomposites are formed by two
or more phases in this case by reinforced graphite nanoplatelets. The sectors focused on the use of these nanomaterials are diverse;
Additionally nanocomposite materials are used already in fenders and panels in the automotive and textile industry.
The development of nanocomposites in this research center is an opportunity for different industry sectors; graphite nanoplatelets give added value to the product as they improve its mechanical thermal and electrical properties.
and the use of nanocomposites is an opportunity to improve the product. Even some of the companies we have worked with mentioned in several forums that they have had a good response in the use of these nanomaterials.
She also affirms that the nanocomposites Laboratory in Monterey has achieved success but recognizes that they need to engage with sectors such as aeronautics among other areas.
in addition to companies in the northern state of Nuevo Leon there are companies in other states that have shown interest in polymer nanocomposites;
This is because each nanocomposite is a material that has two or more constituents in this case the polymer and a nano-sized reinforcing material:
#Graphene/nanotube hybrid benefits flexible solar cells Rice university scientists have invented a novel cathode that may make cheap, flexible dye-sensitized solar cells practical.
from nanotubes that are bonded seamlessly to graphene and replaces the expensive and brittle platinum-based materials often used in earlier versions.
In his process, the nanotubes remained attached to the surface substrate but pushed the catalyst up as they grew.
The graphene/nanotube hybrid came along two years ago. Dubbed"James'bond"in honor of its inventor, Rice chemist James Tour, the hybrid features a seamless transition from graphene to nanotube.
The graphene base is grown via chemical vapor deposition and a catalyst is arranged in a pattern on top.
which lifts off and allows the new nanotubes to grow. When the nanotubes stop growing,
the remaining catalyst (the"carpet")acts as a cap and keeps the nanotubes from tangling.
The hybrid material solves two issues that have held back commercial application of dye-sensitized solar cells,
First, the graphene and nanotubes are grown directly onto the nickel substrate that serves as an electrode,
With no interruption in the atomic bonds between nanotubes and graphene, the material's entire area, inside and out, becomes one large surface.
Lou's lab built and tested solar cells with nanotube forests of varying lengths The shortest,
Other nanotube samples were grown for an hour and measured about 100-150 microns. When combined with an iodide salt-based electrolyte and an anode of flexible indium tin oxide,
Tests found that solar cells made from the longest nanotubes produced the best results and topped out at nearly 18 milliamps of current per square centimeter
"We're demonstrating all these carbon nanostructures can be used in real applications, "he said
#Bio-inspired bleeding control: Researchers synthesize platelet-like nanoparticles that can do more than clot blood (Phys. org) Stanching the free flow of blood from an injury remains a holy grail of clinical medicine.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have engineered a nanowire system that could pave the way for this ability,
the researchers needed a way to amplify the intensity of a light wave as it passed through a cadmium sulfide nanowire.
partially wrapping the nanowire in a silver shell that acts like an echo chamber. Agarwal's group had employed a similar design before in an effort to create photonic devices that could switch on and off very rapidly.
but, by changing the polarization of the light as it entered the nanowire, the researchers were able to better confine it to the frequency-altering, nonlinear part of the device:
the nanowire core.""By engineering the structure so that light is contained mostly within the cadmium sulfide rather than at the interface between it and the silver shell,
which can be done by altering the size of the nanowire and the shell.""Most important,
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