Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
a moth's eyes are antireflective because of naturally covered tapered nanostructures where the refractive index gradually increases as light travels to the moth's cornea,
"We have shown that our nanostructure glass coatings exhibit superior mechanical resistance to impact abrasion-like sand storms
Gold nanorods can be used as remote controlled nanoheaters delivering the right amount of thermal treatment to cancer cells,
Using a chemical method to attach gold nanorods to the surface of a diamond nanocrystal, the authors have invented a new biocompatible nanodevice.
It is capable of delivering extremely localised heating from a near-infrared laser aimed at the gold nanorods
Graphene-nanotube hybrid switches But together, these two materials make a workable digital switch, which is the basis for controlling electrons in computers, phones, medical equipment and other electronics.
Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
the nanotubes are made like straws of boron and nitrogen. Yap and his team exfoliate graphene
Then they can grow the nanotubes up and through the pinholes. Meshed together like this, the material looks like a flake of bark sprouting erratic, thin hairs."
and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents. This disparity creates a barrier, caused by the difference in electron movement as currents move next to and past the hairlike boron nitride nanotubes.
These points of contact between the materials--called heterojunctions--are what make the digital on/off switch possible."
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
or lattice matching. With their aligned atoms, the graphene-nanotube digital switches could avoid the issues of electron scattering."
"You want to control the direction of the electrons, "Yap explains, comparing the challenge to a pinball machine that traps,
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
Third, the flow of current draws oxygen ions from the tantalum oxide nanopores and stabilizes them.
and a way to control the size of the nanopores. Wang is an assistant professor at the Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology's Graduate school of Converging Science and Technology.
and nanostructures to naturally occurring biological polymers, tissues and plant cells. The first application as part of DOE's Bioenergy Science Center was in the examination of plant cell walls under several treatments to provide submicron characterization.
The plant cell wall is layered a nanostructure of biopolymers such as cellulose. Scientists want to convert such biopolymers to free the useful sugars and release energy An earlier instrument,
the team arranged metal-oxide nanosheets into a single plane within a material by using a magnetic field
The nanosheets ended up stuck within the polymer, aligned in a single plane. Due to electrostatic forces, the sheets create electrostatic resistance in one direction but not in the other.
However, scientists have struggled to fabricate the material into ultra-narrow strips, called nanoribbons, that could enable the use of graphene in high-performance semiconductor electronics.
In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth, well-defined"armchair"edges in which the carbon-carbon bonds are parallel to the length of the ribbon.
Researchers have fabricated typically nanoribbons by using lithographic techniques to cut larger sheets of graphene into ribbons.
and produces nanoribbons with very rough edges. Another strategy for making nanoribbons is to use a"bottom-up"approach such as surface-assisted organic synthesis,
where molecular precursors react on a surface to polymerize nanoribbons. Arnold says surface-assisted synthesis can produce beautiful nanoribbons with precise
smooth edges, but this method only works on metal substrates and the resulting nanoribbons are thus far too short for use in electronics.
To overcome these hurdles, the UW-Madison researchers pioneered a bottom-up technique in which they grow ultra-narrow nanoribbons with smooth,
straight edges directly on germanium wafers using a process called chemical vapor deposition. In this process, the researchers start with methane,
which adsorbs to the germanium surface and decomposes to form various hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons react with each other on the surface,
the graphene crystals naturally grow into long nanoribbons on a specific crystal facet of germanium. By simply controlling the growth rate and growth time,
the researchers can easily tune the nanoribbon width be to less than 10 nanometers.""What we've discovered is that
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges, "Arnold says.""The widths can be very,
"The nanoribbons produced with this technique start nucleating, or growing, at seemingly random spots on the germanium and are oriented in two different directions on the surface.
We have fabricated also Li-ion batteries based on structurally resilient carbon nanotube-based electrodes that have survived thousands of flexing cycles.
The work, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
The substrate is stretched before the gold nanomesh is placed on it-a process known as"prestretching "-and the material showed no sign of fatigue
The gold nanomesh also proved conducive to cell growth, indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices.
"We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
and expect the Au nanomesh to achieve superstretchability and high fatigue resistance, "they wrote in the paper."
"the Au nanomesh does not exhibit strain fatigue when it is stretched to 50 percent for 10,000 cycles."
that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
using gold nanomesh, in a paper published in Nature Communications in January 2014. This work expands on that,
which uses nanopores to read individual nucleotides, paves the way for better-and cheaper-DNA sequencing.
However,"nanopore sequencing"is prone to high inaccuracy because DNA usually passes through very fast. EPFL scientists have discovered now a viscous liquid that slows down the process up to a thousand times,
In nanopore sequencing, DNA passes through a tiny pore in a membrane, much like a thread goes through a needle.
The team then created a nanopore on membrane, almost 3 nm wide. The next step was to dissolve DNA in a thick liquid that contained charged ions and
Finally, the team tested their system by passing known nucleotides, dissolved in the liquid, through the nanopore multiple times.
which is promising for sequencing with solid-state nanopores, "says Jiandong Feng. The scientists also predict that using high-end electronics
By combining ionic liquids with nanopores on molybdenum disulfide thin films, they hope to create a cheaper DNA sequencing platform with a better output.
-and nanopore technology can deliver
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light--for the computers of tomorrow Pioneering research by an international team of scientists,
A nanocomposite coating has been produced in this research by combining hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the base material and diopside ceramic.
The nanocomposite has desirable mechanical properties biocompatibility, chemical stability and resistance to corrosion and abrasion.
because the optimum conditions for applying nanocomposite coating through electrophoretic method on metals are obtained at low particle size distributions s
they developed this tool--the single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers, or SPRNT--while working on a related project.
The UW team has been exploring nanopore technology to read DNA sequences quickly. Our genes are long stretches of DNA molecules,
Gundlach and his team, in the process of investigating nanopore sequencing, tried out a variety of molecular motors to move DNA through the pore.
Gundlach and his team show that SPRNT is sensitive enough to differentiate between the mechanisms that two cellular proteins use to pass DNA through the nanopore opening.
the application of nanotubes and modification of the sample surfaces lead to the production of conductive fabrics with different electrical properties.
"made of nanolayers of ferromagnetic material, superconductor and other metals. By changing the direction of magnetization it is possible to control the current in superconductor.
#Production of Injectable Nanocomposite Paste in Iran Abstract: Iranian researchers from Materials and Energy Research center (MERC) succeeded in the production of a type of biocompatible nanocomposite with the ability to carry drugs,
which can be injected into damaged bones. After the completion of tests and being mass-produced, the product can be used in orthopedic surgeries to recover
Nanostructures that are able to compete with the electronic structures--for example, plasmonic nanoparticles--are characterized by low efficiency and significant losses.
The interaction becomes possible due to the magnetic resonance of the silicon nanostructures. If the pulses arrive at the nanostructure simultaneously,
one of them interacts with the other and dampers it due to the effect of two-photon absorption.
and the second pulse goes through the nanostructure without changing.""We were able to develop a structure with the undesirable free-carrier effects are suppressed,
Now scientists report in the journal ACS Nano("Hierarchical Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Silk for Ultrahigh-Capacity Battery Anodes and Supercapacitors")the development of a new,
The researchers found a way to process natural silk to create carbon-based nanosheets that could potentially be used in energy storage devices.
The dynamic and bioactive nanocomposite gels we have developed show strong promise in bone tissue engineering applications,
The researchers created a novel TNG fabric out of a silvery textile coated with nanorods and a silicon-based organic material.
Nanocomposite Technology, Interface Materials, and Bio Interfaces s
#Squeeze to remove heat: Elastocaloric materials enable more efficient, 'green'cooling Move over, vapor compression cooling technology.
Growth of Si2te3 Nanoribbons and Nanoplates"),the researchers describe methods for making nanoribbons and nanoplates from a compound called silicon telluride.
the researchers made nanoribbons that are about 50 to 1, 000 nanometers in width and about 10 microns long.
"We have known that these plasmonic nanostructures have the ability to attract and trap light in a small volume,
"The use of the nanostructures--as opposed to using a continuous film to cover the Mos2--allows the material to retain its flexible nature and natural mechanical properties.
Water is replaced by nanotubes It has been known for decades that plants have the extraordinary ability to register extremely fine temperature differences
When Di Giacomo dried the nanotube-cultivated cells, he discovered a woody, firm material that he calls'cyberwood'.
'In contrast to wood, this material is electrically conductive thanks to the nanotubes, and interestingly the conductivity is temperature-dependent and extremely sensitive,
#Thermal properties of nanowires-Follow the heat A mathematical model of heat flow through miniature wires could help develop thermoelectric devices that efficiently convert heat even their own waste heat into electricity.
Phonons typically move in straight lines in nanowires threads barely a few atoms wide. Previous calculations suggested that if parts of a nanowire contained random arrangements of two different types of atoms,
phonons would be stopped in their tracks. In actual alloy nanowires though, atoms of the same element might cluster together to form short sections composed of the same elements.
Now, Zhun-Yong Ong and Gang Zhang of the A*STAR Institute Of high Performance Computing in Singapore have calculated the effects of such short-range order on the behavior of phonons("Enhancement and reduction of one-dimensional
"Their results suggest that heat conduction in a nanowire does not just depend on the relative concentrations of the alloy atoms and the difference in their masses;
Their model simulated an 88-micrometer-long nanowire containing 160,000 atoms of two different elements.
when the nanowire was ordered more containing clusters of the same elements low-frequency phonons struggled to Move in contrast,
The researchers used their model to study the thermal resistance of a nanowire containing an equal mix of silicon and germanium atoms.
-and high-frequency phonons to heat conduction could also help researchers tune the thermal properties of nanowires in the laboratory.
For instance, the surface roughening of nanowires is known to reduce the thermal conductivity contribution of high-frequency phonons
In 2014, researchers in South korea at IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics along with Samsung Advanced Institute of technology, the Department of Nano Applied Engineering at Kangwon National University, the Department of energy Science
#Multimetal nanoframes improve catalyst performance (Nanowerk News) A team of researchers has synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of solid Pt-Ni bimetallic nanocrystals into porous
cage-like structures or nanoframes("Highly Crystalline Multimetallic Nanoframes with Three-dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces"."This novel material significantly enhanced catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction--the splitting of an O2 molecule into two oxygen ions--that is critical to fuel cells and potentially other electrochemical applications.
The open structure of the nanoframes addresses some of the major design criteria for advanced nanoscale electrocatalysts, namely, high surface-to-volume ratio, three-dimensional surface accessibility to reactants,
and the University of Wisconsin synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of solid Pt-Ni bimetallic nanocrystals into porous cage-like structures or nanoframes.
and at mild temperatures into Pt3ni nanoframes with surfaces that have three-dimensional molecular accessibility. The Pt-rich edges of the starting Ptni3 nanoparticles are maintained in the final Pt3ni nanoframes.
Both the interior and exterior surfaces of this open framework structure are composed of a Pt-rich skin structure that exhibits enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity.
The Pt3ni nanoframe catalysts achieved a more than 36-fold and 22-fold enhancement in two different measures of catalytic activity (mass and specific activities, respectively) for the oxygen reduction reaction in comparison to state-of-the-art
The HER activity for highly crystalline Pt3nit-skin nanoframe surface was enhanced by almost one order of magnitude relative to Pt/C. Utilizing the spontaneous structural evolution of a bimetallic nanoparticle from solid polyhedra to hollow nanoframes with controlled size, structure,
the scientists blasted them with gold nanorods similar to what is used in some cancer treatments and watched the process in cell cultures using in situ transmission electron microscopy.
Nagoya University and the JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project have developed a bulky iridium catalyst that selectively directs a boron moiety to the opposite side of mono-substituted benzene derivatives.
superoleophobic coatings prepared by layer-by-layer technique for anti-smudge and oil-water separation"and"Nanomechanical behavior of Mos2 and WS2 multi-walled nanotubes and Carbon nanohorns").
The shape of the nanostructures plays a role, as well. In another project, research assistant Dave Maharaj is investigating
what happens when a surface is made of nanotubes. Rather than silica, he experiments with molybdenum disulfide nanotubes,
which mix well with oil. The nanotubes are approximately a thousand times smaller than a human hair.
Maharaj measured the friction on the surface of the nanotubes and compressed them to test how they would hold up under pressure."
"There are natural defects in the structure of the nanotubes, "he said.""And under high loads, the defects cause the layers of the tubes to peel apart
and create a slippery surface, which greatly reduces friction.""Bhushan envisions that the molybdenum compound's compatibility with oil,
Here, he suspects that the molybdenum nanotubes alone could be used to reduce friction. This work began more than 10 years ago,
#Carbon nanotube sensor detects spoiled meat MIT chemists have devised an inexpensive, portable sensor that can detect gases emitted by rotting meat,
who is the senior author of a paper describing the new sensor this week in the journal Angewandte Chemie("Single-Walled carbon nanotube/Metalloporphyrin Composites for the Chemiresistive Detection of Amines and Meat Spoilage").
The sensor is similar to other carbon nanotube devices that Swager's lab has developed in recent years,
it increases the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotube, which can be measured easily.""We use these porphyrins to fabricate a very simple device where we apply a potential across the device
and could be incorporated into a wireless platform Swager's lab recently developed that allows a regular smartphone to read output from carbon nanotube sensors such as this one.
They advance significantly our ability to make new nanostructures with controlled shapes. In principle, scientists could use this method to induce folding in any nanoparticle membrane that has an asymmetrical distribution of surface molecules.
#Combining graphene and nanotubes to make digital switches Graphene has been called a wonder material, capable of performing great and unusual material acrobatics.
Boron nitride nanotubes are no slackers in the materials realm either, and can be engineered for physical and biological applications.
or stopping themhile boron nitride nanotubes are so insulating that electrons are rebuffed like an overeager dog hitting the patio door.
Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
The journal Scientific Reports recently published their work("Switching Behaviors of Graphene-Boron nitride nanotube Heterojunctions"."he question is:
the nanotubes are made like straws of boron and nitrogen. Yap and his team exfoliate graphene
Then they can grow the nanotubes up and through the pinholes. Meshed together like this, the material looks like a flake of bark sprouting erratic,
and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents. This disparity creates a barrier, caused by the difference in electron movement as currents move next to and past the hairlike boron nitride nanotubes.
These points of contact between the materialsalled heterojunctionsre what make the digital on/off switch possible. magine the electrons are like cars driving across a smooth track,
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
or lattice matching. With their aligned atoms, the graphene-nanotube digital switches could avoid the issues of electron scattering. ou want to control the direction of the electrons,
Yap explains, comparing the challenge to a pinball machine that traps, slows down and redirects electrons. his is difficult in high speed environments,
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator).
This life saving treatment could be administered by paramedics in emergency situations without the need for specialised equipment as is currently the case. ee created a nanocapsule that contains a clot-busting drug.
The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,
thrombin (a molecule at the centre of the clotting process) breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) director Young Hee
Third, the flow of current draws oxygen ions from the tantalum oxide nanopores and stabilizes them.
and a way to control the size of the nanopores s
#Bioengineers identify the key genes and functions for sustaining microbial life (Nanowerk News) A new study led by bioengineers at the University of California,
A nanorod is switched between two states bright (high signal) and dark (low signal) by an external electrical pulse (red trace).
Manipulation using electrical and optical signals The UZH researchers have developed a method that makes it possible to create nanostructures
but rather of silicon nanopillars that are arranged precisely into a honeycomb pattern to create a"metasurface"that can control the paths and properties of passing light waves.
"Scanning electron microscope of a metasurface showing silicon nanopillars on a glass substrate. Tilted view is shown on the right and top view on the left.
#Pillared graphene gains strength Rice university researchers discovered that putting nanotube pillars between sheets of graphene could create hybrid structures with a unique balance of strength, toughness and ductility throughout all three dimensions.
Carbon nanomaterials are common now as flat sheets, nanotubes and spheres, and theye being eyed for use as building blocks in hybrid structures with unique properties for electronics,
the way the atoms are arranged can influence all those properties. ome labs are actively trying to make these materials or measure properties like the strength of single nanotubes and graphene sheets,
and quantitatively predict the properties of hybrid versions of graphene and nanotubes. These hybrid structures impart new properties
and functionality that are absent in their parent structures graphene and nanotubes. To that end the lab assembled three-dimensional computer models of illared graphene nanostructures, akin to the boron nitride structures modeled in a previous study to analyze heat transfer between layers. his time we were interested in a comprehensive understanding of the elastic and inelastic properties
of 3-D carbon materials to test their mechanical strength and deformation mechanisms, Shahsavari said. e compared our 3-D hybrid structures with the properties of 2-D stacked graphene sheets and 1-D carbon nanotubes.
Turning the nanotubes in a way that forced wrinkles in the graphene sheets added further flexibility and shear compliance,
#Nanocapsule able to protect nutrients in beverages and food supplements Researchers at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) developed a nanostructured system capable of protecting the active compounds of juices and nutritional supplements from high temperatures during the pasteurization process,
so we designed nanocapsules measuring less than 500 nanometers, and made a gum-like model that has a liquid center.
These nanocapsules would be added to the commercial drink. The consumption of the system designed in the Laboratory of Transformation
In addition to improving retention of betacarotene in thermal processes, the use of nanocapsules can be applied to other antioxidants in processes such as sterilization or UHT.
director of Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials-artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature."
and biocompatible metal electrodes"),pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
The substrate is stretched before the gold nanomesh is placed on it-a process known as"prestretching "-and the material showed no sign of fatigue
The gold nanomesh also proved conducive to cell growth, indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices.
"We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
and expect the Au nanomesh to achieve superstretchability and high fatigue resistance, "they wrote in the paper."
"the Au nanomesh does not exhibit strain fatigue when it is stretched to 50 percent for 10,000 cycles."
that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
using gold nanomesh, in a paper published in Nature Communications in January 2014. This work expands on that,
As they report Sept. 28 in Nature Biotechnology("Subangstrom single-molecule measurements of motor proteins using a nanopore),
they developed this tool the single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers, or SPRNT while working on a related project.
The UW team has been exploring nanopore technology to read DNA sequences quickly. Our genes are long stretches of DNA molecules,
Gundlach and his team, in the process of investigating nanopore sequencing, tried out a variety of molecular motors to move DNA through the pore.
Gundlach and his team show that SPRNT is sensitive enough to differentiate between the mechanisms that two cellular proteins use to pass DNA through the nanopore opening.
--and successfully demonstrated that light can drive a current using a silver nanowire.""Our devices are a step towards miniaturization below the diffraction limit,
The device expands on previous work demonstrating that light could be transmitted along a silver nanowire as a plasmon
To do this, the group transferred a silver nanowire coated at one end with Mos2 onto a silicon substrate
which are slightly smaller than the ions that flow through them. hen nanopores get smaller than the hydrated size of the ion,
#Newly discovered'design rule'brings nature-inspired nanostructures one step closer (w/video) Scientists aspire to build nanostructures that mimic the complexity and function of nature proteins,
and reported Oct 7 in the advance online publication of the journal Nature("Peptoid nanosheets exhibit a new secondary-structure motif"),
This atomic-resolution simulation of a two-dimensional peptoid nanosheet reveals a snake-like structure never seen before.
The nanosheet layers include a water-repelling core (yellow), peptoid backbones (white), and charged sidechains (magenta and cyan).
The right corner of the top layer of the nanosheet has been emovedto show how the backbone alternating rotational states give the backbones a snake-like appearance (red and blue ribbons.
The material is a peptoid nanosheet. It a flat structure only two molecules thick, and it composed of peptoids,
which polymers adjoin to form the backbones that run the length of nanosheets. Surprisingly, these molecules link together in a counter-rotating pattern not seen in nature.
a trait that makes peptoid nanosheets larger and flatter than any biological structure. The Berkeley Lab scientists say this never-before-seen design rule could be used to piece together complex nanosheet structures and other peptoid assemblies such as nanotubes and crystalline solids.
What more, they discovered it by combining computer simulations with x-ray scattering and imaging methods to determine, for the first time,
the atomic-resolution structure of peptoid nanosheets. his research suggests new ways to design biomimetic structures,
and Ron Zuckermann, who directs the Molecular Foundry Biological Nanostructures Facility. They used the high-performance computing resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),
another DOE Office of Science user facility located at Berkeley Lab. Peptoid nanosheets were discovered by Zuckermann group five years ago.
The research revealed several new things about peptoid nanosheets. Their molecular makeup varies throughout their structure,
This rule doesn apply to peptoid nanosheets. Along their backbones, adjacent monomer units rotate in opposite directions.
and extended into large sheets that are flatter than anything nature can produce. t was a big surprise to find the design rule that makes peptoid nanosheets possible has eluded the field of biology until now,
which could lead to even more biomimetic nanostructures. n
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