and to influence the amount of energy and carbon the plant dedicated to producing these natural compounds.
and flavanoids and to devote more of energy to doing this in fruit. Introducing both Atmyb12
and to influence the amount of energy and carbon the plant dedicated to producing these natural compounds.
and flavanoids and to devote more of energy to doing this in fruit. Introducing both Atmyb12
used subcritical fluid technology to extract phenolic compounds from the potato biomass. Traditional methods use methanol, a toxic solvent.
the overall goal is to achieve complete use of the available biomass. Her team, including visiting scientists from Brazil and China,
and to gasify what left of the biomass residue to obtain hydrogen. That research is ongoing a
is central to most electric power plants, heating and cooling systems, and desalination plants. Now, for the first time, researchers at MIT have found a way to control this process, literally with the flick of an electrical switch.
which could improve the efficiency of electric power generation and other processes, is described in a paper by Evelyn Wang, Department of Mechanical engineering Professor, Jeremy Cho, graduate student and Jordan Mizerak, recent graduate,
That could make it possible to make more efficient boilers for powerplants or other applications, since present designs require a substantial safety margin to avoid the possibility of hot spots that could seriously damage the equipment.
While most such power plants operate at a steady rate most of the time being able to control the heat transfer rates dynamically could improve their efficiency
After nearly four years of aggressive rehabilitation efforts, Pollock arrived at UCLA having already mastered the use of a battery-powered wearable bionic suit,
and provide electrolytes to help people hydrate, Tidey said. The zinc supplements help with immune function and the transport of water in the body, according to the World health organization.
However for facilities in the developing world this can be a problem as the energy needed to power dehumidifiers
Solar cells power the equipment, while batteries store power when there isn't enough sunlight. Additionally, when conditions in the container are just right,
the device will automatically power down, conserving energy so that it can automatically turn on when the humidity and temperature rise."
"As long as the documents aren't accessed all day long, the power requirements aren't that hefty, "said Harrison King-Mcbain, an engineering graduate student from the University of Toronto.
the owners would not be able to afford the energy needed to operate it. Clarke promised to help.
Clarke said that a solar technology firm is needed now to finish development and help with construction.
Both weapons forgo conventional bullets for"directed energy"a focused beam of energy that heats up
"If you were on the receiving end of laser energy, you would have no idea where it was coming from or
The Compact Laser weapons System features four main parts that help it turn plain old energy into a deadly force:
It has a battery, a chiller that keeps the system from getting too hot, a 2-kilowatt laser and a"beam director"that points the laser light at the intended target.
The only cost associated with operating them is the cost of electricity to power the lasers, according to Boeing,
really tiny animal the microscopic tardigrade is the inspiration behind a new material that could improve the efficiency of things like LED LIGHTS and solar cells.
and solar cells noticed that they could sometimes produce glass-coated devices with structured, or"oriented"molecules."
Meanwhile, those who build solar cells want as much light as possible to move"down,"toward the substrate,
However, batteries are too heavy and bulky to fit into such small gizmos. Instead, these inventions could be powered wirelessly using magnetic induction,
wherein one coil of wire can transmit energy to another coil using magnetic fields.""Wireless neural stimulation in mice has been demonstrated many times before,
if the animals moved away from the spot where the energy was focused, which limited how far the animals could roam.
"Now the researchers have created implantable wirelessly powered brain-stimulating devices by essentially using the mouse's body to help collect energy."
The bodies of the mice are used not to absorb energy, the researchers said. Rather, the mouse bodies interact with surrounding magnetic fields, helping focus energy like a lens from the transmitter to the receiver in the implant.
About one-thousandth of the energy transmitted at the mice gets absorbed by the devices, an efficiency comparable to previous systems,
the researchers said.""We achieve these efficiencies, however, without limiting the area of coverage or requiring large head-mounted antennae,"Poon added.
it uses less energy.""However, carbon nanotubes grow in a disorderly manner, "resembling a bowl of spaghetti,
Whoever is controlling the anti-drone system can keep the UAV hovering at a distance until the machine runs out of battery life and crashes to the ground, according to a report by the BBC.
It has a battery life of about ten hours, of course depending on the reader speed. The developers also plan for the device to display text messages and other notifications,
000 suns The latest in solar power comes to us from Swiss inventors working for Airlight Energy, Dsolar (a subsidiary of Airlight),
It uses something called HCPVT (Highly Efficient Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal) to generate electricity and hot water from solar power.
as well as highly efficient photovoltaic cells (known as gallium arsenide photovoltaic cells) to convert that concentrated solar energy into electricity. Though concentrated solar thermal power
"In other words, the difference between this technology being classified as a death ray as opposed to a solar array is merely a matter of how the reflectors are angled.
Photovoltaic cells used by the Sunflower have a max operating temperature of around 105 degrees Celsius,
The end result is a device that produces about 12kw of electricity, along with 21kw of thermal energy.
Even though that doesn't amount to a huge amount of energy (the 12kw of electricity is only enough to power a few homes, for instance),
Its gallium arsenide photovoltaic cells though more efficient than standard PV cells, are not cheap. Add up construction costs and the costs of the fancy cooling system,
the Modumetal method requires only electricity. The company hopes its technique will usher in a new era
#Transparent Batteries That Charge In The Sun A group of Japanese researchers have managed to improve the design of a transparent lithium-ion battery
when exposed to sunlight without the need for a separate solar cell. The transparent battery was developed first by the researchers,
led by Kogakuin University president and professor Mitsunobu Sato, back in 2013. The electrolyte used for the battery positive electrode is made mostly from lithium iron phosphate,
while the electrolytes used for the negative electrode include lithium titanate, and lithium hexafluorophosphate. Those are all common ingredients used in Li-ion rechargeable batteries
but the thickness of these electrodes are just 80 to 90 nanometers, which allows a lot of light to pass through
and makes these batteries almost completely transparent. But by changing the chemical makeup of the negative electrode,
the Japanese researchers have found a way to make these transparent batteries now recharge themselves in the presence of sunlight,
or other bright sources of illumination. The group hopes the improved transparent batteries could one day be used to make smarter windows for buildings
and vehicles that can auto-dim when it bright out, but also store power as theye recharged by the sun. And as an extension of that idea,
one day your smartphone display might even serve as an additional battery, harvesting sunlight to charge the device whenever youe outside t
They can use solar power or harvest energy from a beam of light. The patent does not mention batteries so these contacts have to constantly generate power.
In the patent the ability to measure body heat and blood alcohol content are mentioned as possible new features for the Google lenses.
The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
and power of lithium-ion batteries One big problem faced by electrodes in rechargeable batteries, as they go through repeated cycles of charging
degrading the battery performance over time. Now a team of researchers at MIT and Tsinghua University in China has found a novel way around that problem:
and provide a dramatic boost in the battery capacity and power. The new findings, which use aluminum as the key material for the lithium-ion battery negative electrode,
or anode, are reported in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT professor Ju Li and six others.
Most present lithium-ion batteries the most widely used form of rechargeable batteries use anodes made of graphite, a form of carbon.
Lithium metal, for example, can store about 10 times as much energy per gram, but is extremely dangerous,
Also, the liquid electrolyte in contact with aluminum will always decompose at the required charge/discharge voltages,
forming a skin called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which would be ok if not for the repeated large volume expansion and shrinkage that cause SEI particles to shed.
As a result, previous attempts to develop an aluminum electrode for lithium-ion batteries had failed.
hat separates the aluminum from the liquid electrolytebetween the battery two electrodes. The shell does not expand
and the aluminum inside is protected from direct contact with the electrolyte. The team didn originally plan it that way,
says Li, the Battelle Energy Alliance Professor in Nuclear Science and Engineering, who has a joint appointment in MIT Department of Materials science and engineering. e came up with the method serendipitously,
For applications that require a high power-and energy density battery, he says, t probably the best anode material available.
There is much work in the battery field that uses omplicated synthesis with sophisticated facilities, Lou adds,
but such systems re unlikely to have impact for real batteries. Simple things make real impact in the battery field. e
#Narrowing the gap between synthetic and natural graphene Producing graphene in bulk is critical when it comes to the industrial exploitation of this exceptional two-dimensional material.
Graphene, a sheet of carbon atoms that is only one atom in thickness, conducts electricity and dissipates heat much more efficiently than silicon,
Plasmon energy expansion thermometry, inset, uses a beam of electrons to track where heat is produced
Monitoring the energy required to excite the plasmons enables measuring local variations in a sample density,
the researchers developed a new technique called plasmon energy expansion thermometry, or PEET. It enables measuring local temperature with 3-5 K precision and 5 nm spatial resolution.
This research outcome potentially allows for great flexibility in the design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers.
All these properties combined make it a tremendous conductor of heat and electricity. A defectree layer is also impermeable to all atoms and molecules.
because a jump between two tightly-packed stones requires less energy. A band gap is much the same;
as they are normally either purely organic, for example in solar cell conducting polymers, or entirely inorganic, such as oxide or metallic glasses.
and is a member of the Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley (Kavli ENSI), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this research in Science.
The working principle used in this case is similar to the concept of lithium-ion batteries. There are several possibilities to create
but the coil continuously consumes energy. Another possibility is to polarize the ferromagnet, which means to align the magnetic structures in the material in parallel,
No energy is required for maintaining this magnetic field, but it is permanent and cannot easily be removed.
and consumption of energy. housands of charge-discharge cycles of lithium-ion batteries used in mobile phones, for instance,
This led us to the idea to exploit similar structures such as the lithium-ion batteries
When charging and discharging a lithium-ion accumulator, the ions migrate from one electrode to the other
The team of scientists around Dasgupta has produced now a lithium-ion accumulator, in which one electrode is made of maghemite, a ferromagnetic iron oxide(?
and discharging the accumulator, magnetization of maghemite can be controlled. Similar to conventional lithium-ion accumulators, this effect can be repeated.
In the experiments reported, the researchers reached a variation of magnetization by up to 30%.%In the long term, complete on
"In contrast to other semiconductors like silicon or gallium arsenide, graphene can pick up light with a very large range of photon energies and convert it into electric signals.
thereby transferring the energy of the photons to the electrons in the graphene. These"hot electrons"increase the electrical resistance of the detector
"In contrast to other semiconductors like silicon or gallium arsenide, graphene can pick up light with a very large range of photon energies and convert it into electric signals.
thereby transferring the energy of the photons to the electrons in the graphene. These"hot electrons"increase the electrical resistance of the detector
"The local electromagnetic field intensity is enhanced highly, over 200 times, at the plasmonic hotspot. The interesting thing about this system is that not only can we trap particles
and energy to perform. What are these functions? Well, you're performing some of them right now.
the resulting device would have to be loaded enormous with multitudes of transistors that would require far more energy."
however, many more memristors would be required to build more complex neural networks to do the same kinds of things we can do with barely any effort and energy,
Where solar panels are concerned, the suppression of reflected light translates into a 3-6 percent relative increase in light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and power output of the cells.
Coupled with the superhydrophobic self-cleaning ability, this could also substantially reduce maintenance and operating costs of solar panels.
In addition the coating is highly effective at blocking ultraviolet light. Other potential applications include goggles, periscopes, optical instruments, photodetectors and sensors.
STEM research was supported by the DOE Office of Science Basic energy Sciences. A portion of the research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials sciences, a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
if you hold two electrodes into an aqueous electrolyte and apply a sufficient voltage, gas bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen are formed.
If this voltage is generated by sunlight in a solar cell, then you could store solar energy by generating hydrogen gas.
and using"chemical energy"."Research teams all over the world are therefore working hard to develop compact, robust,
because an efficient hydrogen generation preferably proceeds in an acidic electrolyte corroding very fast solar cells. Electrodes that so far have been used are made of very expensive elements such as platinum or platinum-iridium alloys.
it consists of chalcopyrite (a material used in device grade thin film solar cells) that has been coated with a thin, transparent, conductive oxide film of titanium dioxide (Tio2.
leading to the observed high photocurrent density and photovoltage comparable with those of a conventional device-grade thin-film solar cell.
the majority of the required voltage between the composite photocathode and a platinum counter electrode of around 1. 8 volts is still coming from a battery.
i e to chemical energy for storage. As a consequence we have developed successfully and tested a demonstrator device for solar hydrogen production with a company in Schwerin under the Light2hydrogen project, according to Schedel-Niedrig g
using a laser as the energy source. The novelty of this study is that it shows that it is possible to use diamond nanocrystals as hypersensitive temperature sensors with a high spatial resolution-ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers-to monitor the amount of heat delivered to cancer cells s
or differences in how much energy it takes to excite an electron in the material.""When we put them together,
graphene's flat sheet conducts electricity quickly, and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents.
or stopping electricity, the resulting switching ratio is high. In other words, how fast the materials can turn on
which requires 100 times less energy than present devices, has the potential to hit all the marks."
The first application as part of DOE's Bioenergy Science Center was in the examination of plant cell walls under several treatments to provide submicron characterization.
Scientists want to convert such biopolymers to free the useful sugars and release energy An earlier instrument,
"The focused light delivers energy to the sample, creating a special interaction between the point and the sample in
Graphene, a sheet of carbon atoms that is only one atom in thickness, conducts electricity and dissipates heat much more efficiently than silicon,
The research was supported primarily by the Department of energy's Basic energy Sciences program m
#Flexible, biodegradable device can generate power from touch (video) Longstanding concerns about portable electronics include the devices'short battery life and their contribution to e waste.
One group of scientists is now working on a way to address both of these seeming unrelated issues at the same time.
& Interfaces the development of a biodegradable nanogenerator made with DNA that can harvest the energy from everyday motion and turn it into electrical power.
and tapping on our keyboards release energy that largely dissipates, unused. Several years ago, scientists figured out how to capture some of that energy
and convert it into electricity so we might one day use it to power our mobile gadgetry.
Achieving this would not only untether us from wall outlets, but it would also reduce our demand on fossil-fuel-based power sources.
For energy devices we have demonstrated solution-processable approaches to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices on nearly arbitrary surfaces including PET and polymer reinforced polymer composites.
We have fabricated also Li-ion batteries based on structurally resilient carbon nanotube-based electrodes that have survived thousands of flexing cycles.
such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean energy economy. When the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) was established at Caltech
the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Energy Innovation Hub had one main goal: a cost-effective method of producing fuels using only sunlight, water,
and storing energy in the form of chemical fuels for use on demand. Over the past five years, researchers at JCAP have made major advances toward this goal,
or artificial leaf, is described in the August 24 online issue of the journal Energy and Environmental science.
and are used therefore in solar panels. However, these materials also oxidize (or rust) on the surface
converts 10 percent of the energy in sunlight into stored energy in the chemical fuel,
Vermont scientists invent new approach in quest for organic solar panels and flexible electronics University of Vermont scientists have invented a new way to create
and farther--aiding the hunt for flexible electronics, organic solar cells, and other low-cost alternatives to silicon.
And then, with this enhanced view,"this energy barrier can be eliminated entirely, "the team writes.
BETTER SOLAR CELLS Though the Nature Communications study focused on just one organic material, phthalocyanine, the new research provides a powerful way to explore many other types of organic materials, too--with particular promise for improved solar cells.
A recent U s. Department of energy report identified one of the fundamental bottlenecks to improved solar power technologies as"determining the mechanisms by
which the absorbed energy (exciton) migrates through the system prior to splitting into charges that are converted to electricity."
--and can't be pushed by voltage like the electrons flowing in a light bulb--they can, in a sense, bounce from one of these tightly stacked molecules to the next.
This allows organic thin films to carry energy along this molecular highway with relative ease,
"One of today's big challenges is how to make better photovoltaics and solar technologies,"says Furis,
who directs UVM's program in materials science, "and to do that we need a deeper understanding of exciton diffusion.
and as hydrogen storage materials in next generation batteries
#Targeted drug delivery with these nanoparticles can make medicines more effective: Nanoparticles wrapped inside human platelet membranes serve as new vehicles for targeted drug delivery The research,
the sensor is very sensitive to changes in electromagnetic fields that are dispersed with different tissues (normal and tumor.
#Stanford engineers invent transparent coating that cools solar cells to boost efficiency: The quandary: The hotter solar cells get,
the less efficiently they convert sunlight to electricity; The fix: A new transparent overlay allows light to hit the cells
while shunting heat away Now three Stanford engineers have developed a technology that improves on solar panel performance by exploiting this basic phenomenon.
Their invention shunts away the heat generated by a solar cell under sunlight and cools it in a way that allows it to convert more photons into electricity.
The work by Shanhui Fan, a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford, research associate Aaswath P. Raman and doctoral candidate Linxiao Zhu is described in the current issue of Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences. The group's discovery tested on a Stanford rooftop, addresses a problem that has bedeviled long the solar industry:
The hotter solar cells get, the less efficient they become at converting the photons in light into useful electricity.
The Stanford solution is based on a thin, patterned silica material laid on top of a traditional solar cell.
The material is transparent to the visible sunlight that powers solar cells, but captures and emits thermal radiation,
or heat, from infrared rays.""Solar arrays must face the sun to function, even though that heat is detrimental to efficiency,
"Fan said.""Our thermal overlay allows sunlight to pass through, preserving or even enhancing sunlight absorption,
In their new paper, the researchers applied that work to improve solar array performance when the sun is beating down.
The Stanford team tested their technology on a custom-made solar absorber-a device that mimics the properties of a solar cell without producing electricity-covered with a micron-scale pattern designed to maximize the capability to dump heat
Their experiments showed that the overlay allowed visible light to pass through to the solar cells, but that it also cooled the underlying absorber by as much as 55 degrees Fahrenheit.
For a typical crystalline silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 20 percent, 55 F of cooling would improve absolute cell efficiency by over 1 percent,
a figure that represents a significant gain in energy production. The researchers said the new transparent thermal overlays work best in dry, clear environments,
which are preferred also sites for large solar arrays. They believe they can scale things up so commercial and industrial applications are feasible
In many conventional techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, the possible resolution is limited by high-energy electrons'radiation damage to biological samples.
#Extending a battery's lifetime with heat: Researchers from California Institute of technology find that heat can break down the damaging branch-like structures that grow inside batteries,
which may possibly be used to extend battery lifetimes A battery cell consists of a positive and negative electrode,
called the cathode and anode. As the battery produces electrical current, electrons flow from the anode through a circuit outside the battery and back into the cathode.
Having lost the electrons that are generating the current, some of the atoms in the anode--an electrically conductive metal like lithium--become ions that then travel to the cathode,
moving through a conductive liquid medium called an electrolyte. Recharging the battery reverses the process,
and the ions travel back and stick onto the anode. But when they do, the ions don't attach evenly.
Instead, they form microscopic bumps that eventually grow into long branches after multiple recharging cycles. When these dendrites reach
rendering the battery useless and dead. The current also heats up the dendrites, and because the electrolyte tends to be flammable,
the dendrites can ignite. Even if the dendrites don't short circuit the battery, they can break off from the anode entirely
and float around in the electrolyte. In this way, the anode loses material, and the battery can't store as much energy."
"Dendrites are hazardous and reduce the capacity of rechargeable batteries, "said Asghar Aryanfar, a scientist at Caltech, who led the new study that's published this week on the cover of The Journal of Chemical Physics, from AIP Publishing.
Although the researchers looked at lithium batteries, which are among the most efficient kind, their results can be applied broadly."
"The dendrite problem is general to all rechargeable batteries, "he said. The researchers grew lithium dendrites on a test battery
and heated them over a couple days. They found that temperatures up to 55 degrees Celsius shortened the dendrites by as much as 36 percent.
To figure out what exactly caused this shrinkage, the researchers used a computer to simulate the effect of heat on the individual lithium atoms that comprise a dendrite,
which was modeled with the simple, idealized geometry of a pyramid. The simulations showed that increased temperatures triggered the atoms to move around in two ways.
By quantifying how much energy is needed to change the structure of the dendrite, Aryanfar said, researchers can better understand its structural characteristics.
And while many factors affect a battery's longevity at high temperatures--such as its tendency to discharge on its own
or the occurrence of other chemical reactions on the side--this new work shows that to revitalize a battery,
In traditional microelectronics information is coded via the electric charges. In spin electronics-or spintronics-information is coded via the electron spin,
or against particular axis."Superconducting spintronic devices will demand far less energy and emit less heat.
whose energy consumption and heat emission create much more problems than in case of ordinary desktop computers.""Development of computer technologies was based on semiconductors.
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