Subramanian Sankaranarayanan and Sanket Deshmukh at CNM used the high-performance computing resources at DOES National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), both
or differences in how much energy it takes to excite an electron in the material. hen we put them together,
graphene flat sheet conducts electricity quickly, and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents.
or stopping electricity, the resulting switching ratio is high. In other words, how fast the materials can turn on
At the present time, some 10 percent of the electricity in Germany is consumed by information and communication technologies, such as computers and smart phones of users,
new approaches are necessary to increase throughput and, at the same time, curb power consumption. Plasmonic components could make a decisive contribution to this end.
releasing as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun does over its 10 billion year lifetime.
and more efficient displays. ince screens consume large amounts of energy in devices like laptops, phones,
and tablets, our approach could have a huge impact on energy consumption and battery life, she noted. f you start with polarized light,
then the battery will last much longer because the display would only draw half as much power as conventional displays.
and power plants into the atmosphere and instead turns it into a useful product. One possible end product is methanol,
and convert carbon dioxide in a way that ultimately saves energy. They call it a copper tetramer. It consists of small clusters of four copper atoms each, supported on a thin film of aluminum oxide.
But compressing gas into a high-pressure mixture takes a lot of energy. The benefit of enhanced binding is that the new catalyst requires lower pressure
and less energy to produce the same amount of methanol. Carbon dioxide emissions are an ongoing environmental problem,
especially in terms of saving energy,"said Larry Curtiss, an Argonne Distinguished Fellow who co-authored this paper.
focusing their energy into a tight spot. When the material is a metal, that spot also becomes very hot.
or the development of silicon computing chips that process data communicated by photons of light instead of electricity.
"However the characteristics of metals that make them good at conducting electricity also lead to the undesirable heating effect,
They also conduct electricity well, so can also pass electronic information back to the equipment."
which can conduct electricity but their electrons absorb fewer passing photons.""While this extremely localised
which requires 100 times less energy than present devices, has the potential to hit all the marks."
"When planets coalesce, material falling into the planet releases energy and heats it up. Over the next hundred millions years they radiate that energy away,
mostly as infrared light,"says Macintosh. Once the astronomers zeroed in on the star, they blocked its light
and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers. black phosphorus To truly understand the significance of the team's findings,
All these properties combined make it a tremendous conductor of heat and electricity. A defect-free layer is also impermeable to all atoms and molecules.
because a jump between two tightly-packed stones requires less energy. A band gap is much the same;
This shift of electric charge occurs as the manganese atomic layers form atomically charged capacitors leading to the build up of an electric field, known as polar catastrophe
because it represents a new way of combining elemental materials to form the building blocks of energy storage technology--such as batteries, capacitors and supercapacitors,
"Due to their structure and electric charge, certain elements just don t'like'to be combined, "Anasori said.""It's like trying to stack magnets with the poles facing the same direction--you're not going to be very successful
was the first two-dimensional material to be touted for its potential energy storage capabilities. But, as it was made up of only one element, carbon,
The new MXENES have surfaces that can store more energy. An Elemental Impasse Four years later, the researchers have worked their way through the section of the Periodic table with elements called"transition metals"
We see possible applications in thermoelectrics, batteries, catalysis, solar cells, electronic devices, structural composites and many other fields, enabling a new level of engineering on the atomic scale
#A new material for transparent electronics he performance of solar cells, flat panel displays, and other electronics are limited by today's materials.
The new perovskite film, with the formula Srxla1-xcro3,(x up to 0. 25), conducts electricity more effectively than the unmodified oxide and yet retains much of the transparency to visible light exhibited by the pure material.
and optically transparent are needed for more efficient solar cells, light detectors, and several kinds of electronic devices that are by nature transparent to visible light.
Of particular importance are new materials that conduct electricity by using missing electrons, otherwise known as"holes."
The development of high-performance transparent conducting oxides (TCOS) is critical to many technologies ranging from flat panel displays to solar cells.
which blocks electricity from flowing through all of its bulk but whose surface is, by contrast, a very good electrical conductor.
require little energy and their small footprint offers large storage capacity all these attributes make them well suited to new data storage applications or high-resolution displays.
Superconductors conduct electricity with zero resistance, and hence they could potentially revolutionize electric motors, generators and utility grids.
we've been able to create prototype systems with power converters that have a combination of energy efficiency
And to maximize energy efficiency the system should be designed to operate using the best voltage possible.
But batteries usually put out power at a voltage level that makes the system operate inefficiently;
often, the battery puts out more voltage than the system needs. To change the voltage to the best level,
or changes in the flow of energy from the power source, or even provide protection against extreme temperatures and device failures.
"Our second-best prototype had 90 percent efficiency-less than 10 percent of the energy was wasted, "Dean says."
will be presented at the IEEE Energy conversion Congress & Expo being held Sept. 20-24 in Montreal, Canada a
Light is an electromagnetic field, and the field of single-color, or monochromatic light oscillates at all points in space with the same frequency but varying relative delays, or phases.
Polarization refers to the trajectory of the oscillations of the electromagnetic field at each point in space.
#Quantum dot solar cell exhibits 30-fold concentration We've achieved a luminescent concentration ratio greater than 30 with an optical efficiency of 82-percent for blue photons,
and director of the Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute (ENSI), was the co-leader of this research.
The solar energy industry in the United states is soaring with the number of photovoltaic installations having grown from generating 1. 2 gigawatts of electricity in 2008 to generating 20-plus gigawatts today, according to the U s. Department of energy (DOE). Still,
nearly 70-percent of the electricity generated in this country continues to come from fossil fuels. Low-cost alternatives to todays photovoltaic solar panels are needed for the immense advantages of solar power to be realized fully.
One promising alternative has been luminescent solar concentrators (LSCS. Unlike conventional solar cells that directly absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity,
an LSC absorbs the light on a plate embedded with highly efficient light-emitters called lumophores that then re-emit the absorbed light at longer wavelengths, a process known as the Stokes shift.
This re-emitted light is directed to a micro-solar cell for conversion to electricity. Because the plate is much larger than the micro-solar cell,
the solar energy hitting the cell is concentrated highly. With a sufficient concentration factor, only small amounts of expensive III-V photovoltaic materials are needed to collect light from an inexpensive luminescent waveguide.
The Cdse/Cds nanoparticles enabled us to decouple absorption from emission energy and volume, which in turn allowed us to balance absorption
At the recent Clean energy Summit held in Las vegas President Obama and Energy secretary Ernest Moniz announced this partnership will receive a $3 million grant for the development of a micro-optical tandem LCS under MOSAIC,
The LCS work reported in this story was carried out through the U s. Department of energys Energy Frontier Research center program and the National Science Foundation n
The researchers calculated how the atomsinherent energies force hexagons to take on or lose atoms to neighboring rings,
and as hydrogen storage materials in next generation batteries
#3d bone marrow made from silk biomaterials successfully generates platelets (Nanowerk News) Researchers funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
potentially enabling the replacement of expensive and rare metals in fuel cells. The new catalyst is based carbon,
which are crucial for enabling reactions in devices such as fuel cells or electrolyzers. Molecular electrocatalysts have the advantage of being relatively easy to tune by chemical treatment
which is he universal electrode materialin batteries and fuel cells, Surendranath says. By finding a way to make this material tunable in the same ways as molecular catalysts
In addition to their possible uses in fuel cells, such new catalysts could also be useful for enhancing chemical reactions,
and is a member of the Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley (Kavli ENSI), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this research in Science("An ultrathin invisibility skin cloak for visible light").
Another drawback is that their energy consumption is reaching unacceptable levels. It is obvious that one has to look for alternative directions
"Another important advantage may be that this type of circuitry uses much less energy, both in the production,
thanks to the electron beam energy being kept below the radiation damage threshold of tungsten. Miao and his team showed that the atoms in the tip of the tungsten sample were arranged in nine layers, the sixth
and reduce their energy consumption. Together with all-optical connections, they might reduce latencies. Energy-intensive conversion of optical signals into electronic signals and vice versa would no longer be required
#Pushing the limits of lensless imaging Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
and improves the conversion process of solar cells. It also opens up new avenues in: noninvasive 3d biomedical imaging photonic chips aerospace photonics micromachines laser tweezing the process of using lasers to trap tiny particles.
Exciting quantum dot applications are also emerging in the fields of green energy, optical sensing, and bio-imaging.
#Small-scale nuclear fusion may be a new energy source Fusion energy may soon be used in small-scale power stations. This means producing environmentally friendly heating
and electricity at a low cost from fuel found in water. Both heating generators and generators for electricity could be developed within a few years,
according to research that has primarily been conducted at the University of Gothenburg. Nuclear fusion is a process
whereby atomic nuclei melt together and release energy. Because of the low binding energy of the tiny atomic nuclei, energy can be released by combining two small nuclei with a heavier one.
A collaboration between researchers at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Iceland has been to study a new type of nuclear fusion process.
No radiation The new fusion process can take place in relatively small laser-fired fusion reactors fuelled by heavy hydrogen (deuterium.
It has already been shown to produce more energy than that needed to start it. Heavy hydrogen is found in large quantities in ordinary water
The dangerous handling of radioactive heavy hydrogen (tritium) which would most likely be needed for operating large-scale fusion reactors with a magnetic enclosure in the future is therefore unnecessary."
and can therefore produce electrical energy instantly. The energy in the neutrons which accumulate in large quantities in other types of nuclear fusion is difficult to handle
because the neutrons are charged not. These neutrons are high-energy and very damaging to living organisms,
whereas the fast, heavy electrons are considerably less dangerous.""Neutrons are difficult to slow down or stop and require reactor enclosures that are several metres thick.
Muons-fast, heavy electrons-decay very quickly into ordinary electrons and similar particles. Research shows that far smaller and simpler fusion reactors can be built.
The next step is to create a generator that produces instant electrical energy y
#A new single-molecule tool to observe enzymes at work A team of scientists at the University of Washington
and the biotechnology company Illumina have created an innovative tool to directly detect the delicate, single-molecule interactions between DNA and enzymatic proteins.
#Highest efficiency hydrogen production under natural sunlight Researchers at the University of Tokyo and Miyazaki University have produced hydrogen under natural sunlight at an energy conversion efficiency of 24.4,
using high efficiency solar cells to power water electrolysis("A 24.4%solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency by combining concentrator photovoltaic modules and electrochemical cells").
In order to increase Japan use of renewable energy at a substantial fraction in the total energy demand, it is vital to develop technologies for the high efficiency
which includes a photovoltaic cell using a high-quality semiconductor crystal similar to the ones for lasers
The solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of this CPV module is as high as 31%.
%The researchers also reduced energy loss by improving the connection between the CPV modules and electrolyzers, resulting in a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency above 24%.
but if operated in countries with high solar irradiance it would be possible to generate solar electricity at low cost owing to the high energy conversion efficiency.
As a consequence, even total darkness is filled with finite fluctuations of the electromagnetic field, representing the quantum ground state of light and radio waves.
rather than solely to the laser's wavelength, demonstrating that the plasmons effectively nudged the electrons in Mos2 into a different energy state."
the energy was converted into plasmons, a form of electromagnetic wave that travels through oscillations in electron density.
This energy electronically excited an electron once it reached the molybdenum disulfide-covered end effectively generating a current.
leading to increased dissipation of energy and the need to develop new design principles. In the model microscopic system developed by scientists from Bristol
a liquid-like scenario in which much of the energy input is lost to friction and an intermediate slipping scenario unique to soft materials
#Discovery about new battery overturns decades of false assumptions New findings at Oregon State university have overturned a scientific dogma that stood for decades,
by showing that potassium can work with graphite in a potassium-ion battery-a discovery that could pose a challenge and sustainable alternative to the widely-used lithium-ion battery.
Lithium-ion batteries are ubiquitous in devices all over the world, ranging from cell phones to laptop computers and electric cars.
But there may soon be a new type of battery based on materials that are far more abundant and less costly.
A potassium-ion battery has been shown to be possible. And the last time this possibility was explored was
or other bulk carbon anodes in a battery,"said Xiulei (David) Ji, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of chemistry in the College of Science at Oregon State university."
"The Journal of the American Chemical Society published the findings from this discovery("Carbon Electrodes for K-Ion Batteries),
because they open some new alternatives to batteries that can work with well-established and inexpensive graphite as the anode,
or high-energy reservoir of electrons. Lithium can do that, as the charge carrier whose ions migrate into the graphite
The new findings show that it can work effectively with graphite or soft carbon in the anode of an electrochemical battery.
Right now, batteries based on this approach don't have performance that equals those of lithium-ion batteries,
"It's safe to say that the energy density of a potassium-ion battery may never exceed that of lithium-ion batteries,
"Electrical energy storage in batteries is essential not only for consumer products such as cell phones and computers,
They used the high-performance computing resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),
"The tunnel effect enables us to move electrons through the ultra-thin layer with very little energy,
and is known for its excellent conductive properties of heat and electricity. The graphene sheets stuck very well to the nanoglueo much
Organisms such as barnacles and algae create drag and increased energy expenditure, not to mention the costs of cleaning
#Buildings producing their own energy prepared for tomorrow's cities An innovative façade, able to turn solar energy into heat for residentsuse,
and will prove its capabilities in real-life conditions The worldwide energy consumption of buildings is expected to grow by 45%from 2002 to 2025,
To reduce energy demand in old buildings across Europe, a consortium of researchers has designed an industrialised façade system for use in retrofitting works.
and façade orientations his system provides the tools for producing energy as well as insulating the building better:
A particular unit of the façade, called Advanced Passive solar Collector and Ventilation Unit, was required to pass special tests, like acoustic and permeability tests.
already used by energy service companies (ESCOS), explains Galant. ESCOS are more often companies that belong to large energy utility groups.
They offer long-term contracts, of 20 years or more, where they cover the risk of a full refurbishment against the payment by the owners of a fixed yearly energy bill
which corresponds to the reduced energy needs of the refurbished buildings. The project researchers admit that their system is neither simple, nor cheap.
Yet Julen Astudillo is optimistic about the possibilities of the façade having a good return on investment.
and potentially creates a sustainable energy source. In The Journal of Physical chemistry("Birnessite: A Layered Manganese Oxide To Capture Sunlight for Water-Splitting Catalysis"),Assistant professor of Chemical engineering Jose L. Mendoza-Cortes details how this new material efficiently captures sunlight and then,
how the energy can be used to break down water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). This process is known as oxidation,
which are the main energy sources for the plant. His discovery generates exciting new prospects for how this process could be used to forge new energy sources in a carbon neutral way.
Potentially, hydrogen could be transported to other locations and burned as fuel.""In theory, this should be a self-sustaining energy source,
"Mendoza-Cortes said.""Perhaps in the future, you could put this material on your roof and it could turn rain water into energy with the help of the sun."But, unlike many other energy sources,
this won't have a negative effect on the environment.""You won't generate carbon dioxide or waste, "he said.
Mendoza-Cortes, a computational and theoretical chemist, said the challenge he faced was designing something that didn't rust from the process of breaking down water that also trapped the energy
Light with photo energy can penetrate indirect band gap materials much more easily without getting absorbed
silicon solar cells are stacked typically and thus hundreds of micrometers thick. If they were any thinner, light would simply pass through them.
theoretical work indicates that boron-doped graphene could lead to improved lithium-ion batteries and field-effect transistors, the authors report t
'and has done that to focus its energies on being able to germinate and grow quickly, rapidly flower,
#New low-cost battery could help store renewable energy Wind and solar energy projects are growing at a respectable clip.
But storing electric power for days when the air is still or when the sun goes down remains a challenge, largely due to cost.
Now researchers are developing a new battery that could bring the price of storage to more affordable levels.
They report their new battery that uses low-cost materials sodium and magnesium in ACS journal Chemistry of Materials("Efficient and Inexpensive Sodiummagnesium Hybrid Battery".
"A hybrid intercalation battery based on a sodium/magnesium (Na/Mg) dual salt electrolyte, metallic magnesium anode,
ACS) Today, lithium-ion batteries are the storage technology of choice for many applications, from electric cars to smartphones.
The researchers started with magnesium as the batterys safe inexpensive and high-energy density anode material and paired it with pyrite,
which is made of iron and sulfur, as the cathode. The electrolyte the electrically conducting component contains sodium and magnesium ions.
Testing showed that the resulting devices energy density was close to that of lithium-ion batteries. It could get an additional two-to threefold boost with further development of magnesium electrolytes.
And because its made with low-cost materials, it could one day help support grid-scale energy storage,
the researchers say a
#Novel'crumpling'of hybrid nanostructures increases SERS sensitivity By"crumpling"to increase the surface area of graphene-gold nanostructures,
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
The new approach combines a battery-powered wearable bionic suit that enables people to move their legs in a step-like fashion,
A protein embedded in the surface of mitochondria the energy-producing batteries of living cells opens the door to cell death,
which normally sustains energy production, it results in a catastrophic drop in cellular energy levels. In the absence of disease, precisely how the PTP helps to mediate normal cellular physiology remains unclear.
According to Dr. Madesh, nder physiological conditions, SPG7 may function through transient pore openings to release toxic metabolites that have accumulated in mitochondria.
which was understood already to help convert fat into energy, and to be involved in brain formation,
For instance, at a certain frequency, the signal may be detectable first at a strength of 20 microamps of electricity.
In natural perception, a principle known as Weber Law states that the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli is proportional to the size of the stimulus. For example, with a 100-watt light bulb,
if you double the power of the light bulb to 200 watts, the JND would also be doubled to 20 watts.
battery and display technology are all going to receive big overhauls. What likely to be includedthe big advancement with the iphone 6s we are likely to see is Force Touch screen technology reports Business Insider.
An international team of astronomers from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly Survey analysed starlight from more than 200,000 galaxies to find the universe is emitting far less energy than it once was.
and ground-based telescopes we could get our hands on to measure the energy output of over 200,000 galaxies across as broad a wavelength range as possible,
Prof Driver said the data showed the amount of energy being generated was two times less than the amount of energy that was being generated two billion years ago. hat tells us that the universe is essentially dying,
and moving towards its grand era of retirement after having produced massive bursts of energy early on in the formation of the universe. t now fading and dwindling and diminishing. t will just become a very dark,
all the materials and energy for building a baby are supplied by secretions from glands in the uterus lining.
some is used straight away as energy to help the embryo grow, and the rest is reconverted to the storage molecule,
#ipstickin the brain could predict damage just in time A dipstick inserted into the brain can check its energy levels,
including glucose, the brain main energy source. When used to monitor the brains of people in intensive care after a stroke or head injury,
if brain cells are using the glucose to release energy. Although widely available, the device has so far mainly been used as a research tool rather than to guide treatment.
To check the brain has enough energy, we might be able to do the same, using a probe that can monitor fluid in the brain. he goal is to save brain tissue,
including glucose, the brain main energy source. When used on people in intensive care after a stroke or head injury,
Carbon dioxide emissions from power plants could be put to good use, preventing fracking chemicals from contaminating drinking water supplies.
and slashed energy prices, there is a risk that toxic compounds in the fracking fluid can get into shallow aquifers via fractures in the bedrock.
allowing them to run calculations using less energy. Nothing about the particles told the researchers what the voltages should be, however.
but also used less energy than conventional circuitry. Nothing about the particles told the researchers what voltages to try, however.
The scientists conclude that permanent all-optical on-chip memories could onsiderably increase future performance of computers while reducing their energy consumption.
Significantly, energy-intensive conversion of optical signals into electronic signals and vice versa would no longer be required. The Nature Photonics paper states, y using optical near-field effects,
Our on-chip memory cells feature single-shot readout and switching energies as low as 13. 4pj at speeds approaching 1ghz.
"This uniform phase allows the light to be stretched or squashed, twisted or turned, without losing energy.
"Integrated photonic circuits are hampered by weak and inefficient optical energy confinement in standard silicon waveguides.
This zero-index metamaterial offers a solution for the confinement of electromagnetic energy in different waveguide configurations
Cutting data center power consumption They suggest that a wide range of applications stand to benefit from the kind of low-cost,
data centers are on track to consume more than 500 TWH of energy annually by 2020 but by implementing new technologies like silicon photonics this total could be cut by at least 10 per cent.
It was designed with all the latest equipments like GPS, video and audio, solar panels 3g facilities and foam arms to hug
#Aluminum-Ion Batteries Are Flexible, Fast-Charging, And Won't Catch on Fire Almost all of the electronic devices that we carry around with us all day now rely on one key,
the lithium-ion battery. A mainstay of rechargeable power for the last couple decades, this battery technology has gotten only minor refinements.
But a substantial improvement in stored power may be in the offing, thanks to researchers at Stanford university,
who have developed a new battery technology based on aluminum. This isn't the first time that aluminum-based batteries have been investigated.
The material has a number of advantages over lithium: it's flexible, allowing it to be folded
you can even drill a hole through the battery and it will continue to work.
compromise a lithium-ion battery and you'll likely see some sparks or flame, but the materials in this new battery are all non-reactive.
And, aluminum is cheaper than lithium, too. All good things, so why haven't we seen more aluminum batteries?
The catch to date has been finding another material to work with aluminum in creating energy. The Stanford team ended up using our old friend graphene to play the cathode to aluminum's anode.
But though that's helped unlock better performance, including more charge cycles--7, 500 versus the 1,
000 you'd likely get out of a Li-ion battery--aluminum-ion's woes aren't all behind it.
The voltage provided by an aluminum-ion battery is only about half of that what you'd get from a lithium-ion cell.
the overall power density--the amount of juice you can store in a battery vis-a-vis its size--more closely resembles the large lead-acid battery you'd find in your car.
So aluminum-ion batteries still aren't quite ready for primetime, but you can bet that electronics manufacturers, makers of electric cars,
and power companies all have their eyes on the development of this technology. Meanwhile, researchers are working to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries using materials like carbon nanotubes,
but the returns are diminishing. And other new technologies, like sulfur-based and metal-air batteries have their own downsides as well.
Should scientists be able to increase the power and energy density of aluminum-ion batteries its speed of charging, lack of volatility,
and cheap production costs could make it the one to beat t
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