as it allows for controlled experiments that don't require flooding a patient's system with experimental chemotherapy drugs,
The level of irisin was 3. 6 nanograms per milliliter in sedentary people and 4. 3 nanograms per milliliter in those who underwent the training."
"Our paper definitively confirms that irisin circulates and is altered with exercise in humans, "said study researcher Bruce M. Spiegelman, a professor of cell biology and medicine at Harvard Medical school.
Normally, in his research on chemotherapy drugs, Theodorescu used a technique called RNAI, which silences various genes,
Normally, in his research on chemotherapy drugs, Theodorescu used a technique called RNAI, which silences various genes,
with the teensiest portions measuring just 5 nanometers, and the smallest functional ones having features just 7 nanometers in size.
For comparison, an average strand of human hair is about 100,000 nanometers wide. The decrease in size,
however, means that the quantum effects of particles at that scale could disrupt their functioning.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTS) have electrical properties similar to those of conventional silicon transistors. In a head-to-head competition between a silicon transistor and a CNT transistor,"hands down, the CNT would win,
"Shulaker told Live Science.""It would be a better transistor; it can go faster; it uses less energy."
As such, the researchers developed a method to grow nanotubes in narrow grooves, guiding the nanotubes into alignment.
But there was another hurdle. While 99.5 percent of the nanotubes become aligned, a few stragglers will still be out of position.
To solve this problem, the researchers figured out that drilling holes at certain spots within the chip can ensure that even a chip with wayward tubes would work as expected.
while most CNTS have the properties of a semiconductor (like silicon), a few act just like an ordinary conducting metal,
As a remedy, Shulaker and his colleagues essentially"turn off"all the semiconducting CNTS, leaving huge jolts of current to circulate through the remaining conducting nanotubes.
The high current heats up and breaks down only the conducting nanotubes, which blow like nanoscale fuses,
Shulaker said. In 2013, the team built a CNT COMPUTER which they described in the journal Nature.
That computer, however, was slow and bulky, with relatively few transistors. Now, they have created a system for stacking memory and transistor layers,
with tiny wires connecting the two. The new 3d design has slashed the transit time between transistor and memory,
The new distance record was set using advanced single-photon detectors made of superconducting wires of molybdenum silicide that were about 150 nanometers
#Nanoparticles Penetrate Mucus Barrier to Bring Gene therapy to Lung Parenchyma A collaboration between researchers at Johns hopkins university
and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil has managed to develop nanoparticles capable of carrying DNA molecules through the previously impenetrable mucus barrier of the lungs.
The nanoparticles are biodegradable and don present problems associated with DNA ferrying viruses. Previously developed nanoparticles suffered from a poor ability to pass through mucus due to their charge
and also bunched in groups, further limiting their usefulness. The nanoparticles are made of biodegradable polymers called poly (ß-amino esters)( PBAES)
and in lab tests were able to pass through mucus taken from real patients. To test whether genes delivered this way would actually work inside a real body,
the researchers loaded DNA strings coding for light producing proteins into the nanoparticles and had animals inhale them into their lungs.
an associate professor at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, has developed essentially smarter immune cells.
the Drinkable Book features pages embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles. In 25 trials at contaminated drinking sites in Ghana and Bangladesh, the paper was effective at removing 99 percent of bacteria."
"The key to the method and what makes it so innovative is the use of nanotechnology to micromanage at the tiniest of scales the construction of their metal alloys, layer by layer.
and drug loaded nanoparticles to unload medication when the skin flexes and contracts. The idea is that this kind of approach can deliver drugs transdermally only when needed.
each filled with drug loaded nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are designed to slowly release a medication into the capsules where they reside.
The capsules themselves are not impermeable, but will let compounds through when enough pressure is applied to them.
The combination of the mechanisms lets the nanoparticles load the capsules with a small amount of a medication and release it into the skin immediately on demand d
but the thickness of these electrodes are just 80 to 90 nanometers, which allows a lot of light to pass through
potentially offering an easy way to monitor the assembly of nanoparticles, or to study how mass is distributed within a cell.
the device can attain a resolution of about 150 nanometers. The researchers also calculated that
they could improve the resolution to about 4 nanometers. High-resolution mass imaging This advance could help spur the development of a technique known as inertial imaging,
The new MIT technology could enable very high-speed inertial imaging as cells flow through a channel. he suspended nanochannel technology pioneered by the Manalis group is remarkable
as they flow through the nanochannels. Manalislab is also using the new technique to study how cellsdensities change as they pass through constrictions.
New research by the Nanoparticles By design Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), in collaboration with the Materials Center Leoben Austria and the Austrian Centre for Electron microscopy and Nanoanalysis has developed an efficient
way to improve methods for detecting polluting emissions using a sensor at the nanoscale. The paper was published in Nanotechnology.
The researchers used a copper oxide nanowire decorated with palladium nanoparticles to detect carbon monoxide a common industrial pollutant.
The sensor was tested in conditions similar to ambient air since future devices developed from this method will need to operate in these conditions.
and scientists use nanowires fabricated from it to search for potential application in the microelectronics industry.
the copper oxide nanowire was made part of an electric circuit. The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
They found that copper oxide nanowires decorated with palladium nanoparticles show a significantly greater increase in electrical resistance in the presence of carbon monoxide than the same type of nanowires without the nanoparticles.
The OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit used a sophisticated technique that allowed them to first sift nanoparticles according to size,
then deliver and deposit the palladium nanoparticles onto the surface of the nanowires in an evenly distributed manner.
This even dispersion of size selected nanoparticles and the resulting nanoparticles-nanowire interactions are crucial to get an enhanced electrical response.
The OIST nanoparticle deposition system can be tailored to deposit multiple types of nanoparticles at the same time, segregated on distinct areas of the wafer where the nanowire sits.
In other words, this system can be engineered to be able to detect multiple kinds of gases. The next step is to detect different gases at the same time by using multiple sensor devices,
with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle. Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system."
"I think nanoparticle-decorated nanowires have a huge potential for practical applications as it is possible to incorporate this type of technology into industrial devices,
Mukhles Sowwan at the OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit. Image: Palladium nanoparticles were deposited on the entire wafer in an evenly distributed fashion,
as seen in the background. They also attached on the surface of the copper oxide wire in the same evenly distributed manner,
On the upper right is a top view of a single palladium nanoparticle photographed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM)
The nanoparticle is made up of columns consisting of palladium atoms stacked on top of each other. This image has been modified from the original to provide a better visualization.
New research by the Nanoparticles By design Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), in collaboration with the Materials Center Leoben Austria and the Austrian Centre for Electron microscopy and Nanoanalysis has developed an efficient
way to improve methods for detecting polluting emissions using a sensor at the nanoscale. The paper was published in Nanotechnology.
The researchers used a copper oxide nanowire decorated with palladium nanoparticles to detect carbon monoxide a common industrial pollutant.
The sensor was tested in conditions similar to ambient air since future devices developed from this method will need to operate in these conditions.
and scientists use nanowires fabricated from it to search for potential application in the microelectronics industry.
the copper oxide nanowire was made part of an electric circuit. The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
They found that copper oxide nanowires decorated with palladium nanoparticles show a significantly greater increase in electrical resistance in the presence of carbon monoxide than the same type of nanowires without the nanoparticles.
The OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit used a sophisticated technique that allowed them to first sift nanoparticles according to size,
then deliver and deposit the palladium nanoparticles onto the surface of the nanowires in an evenly distributed manner.
This even dispersion of size selected nanoparticles and the resulting nanoparticles-nanowire interactions are crucial to get an enhanced electrical response.
The OIST nanoparticle deposition system can be tailored to deposit multiple types of nanoparticles at the same time, segregated on distinct areas of the wafer where the nanowire sits.
In other words, this system can be engineered to be able to detect multiple kinds of gases. The next step is to detect different gases at the same time by using multiple sensor devices,
with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle. Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system."
"I think nanoparticle-decorated nanowires have a huge potential for practical applications as it is possible to incorporate this type of technology into industrial devices,
Mukhles Sowwan at the OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit n
#Flicking the switch on spin-driven devices Compressing magnetically and electrically active crystals in one direction unlocks exotic spintronic switching activityby breaking the symmetry of ultiferroiccrystals using a special compression cell,
#Nanotechnology developed to help treat heart attack and stroke Australian researchers funded by the National Heart Foundation are a step closer to a safer
and more effective way to treat heart attack and stroke via nanotechnology. The research jointly lead by Professor Christoph Hagemeyer, Head of the Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory at Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and Professor Frank Caruso,
This life saving treatment could be administered by paramedics in emergency situations without the need for specialised equipment as is currently the case. ee created a nanocapsule that contains a clot-busting drug.
The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,
thrombin (a molecule at the centre of the clotting process) breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a olkinside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be he high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes
That where the idea of using confined aluminum in the form of a yolk-shell nanoparticle came in.
In the nanotechnology business there is a big difference between what are called ore-shelland olk-shellnanoparticles.
which are about 50 nanometers in diameter, naturally have oxidized an layer of alumina (Al2o3). e needed to get rid of it,
which reacts with titanium oxysulfate to form a solid shell of titanium hydroxide with a thickness of 3 to 4 nanometers.
However, scientists have struggled to fabricate the material into ultra-narrow strips, called nanoribbons, that could enable the use of graphene in high-performance semiconductor electronics.
and is compatible with the prevailing infrastructure used in semiconductor processing. raphene nanoribbons that can be grown directly on the surface of a semiconductor like germanium are more compatible with planar processing that used in the semiconductor industry,
graphene nanoribbons need to be less than 10 nanometers wide, which is phenomenally narrow. In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth
well-defined rmchairedges in which the carbon-carbon bonds are parallel to the length of the ribbon.
Researchers have fabricated typically nanoribbons by using lithographic techniques to cut larger sheets of graphene into ribbons.
and produces nanoribbons with very rough edges. Another strategy for making nanoribbons is to use a ottom-upapproach such as surface-assisted organic synthesis,
where molecular precursors react on a surface to polymerize nanoribbons. Arnold says surface-assisted synthesis can produce beautiful nanoribbons with precise, smooth edges,
but this method only works on metal substrates and the resulting nanoribbons are thus far too short for use in electronics.
To overcome these hurdles the UW-Madison researchers pioneered a bottom-up technique in which they grow ultra-narrow nanoribbons with smooth,
straight edges directly on germanium wafers using a process called chemical vapor deposition. In this process, the researchers start with methane,
which adsorbs to the germanium surface and decomposes to form various hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons react with each other on the surface,
the graphene crystals naturally grow into long nanoribbons on a specific crystal facet of germanium. By simply controlling the growth rate and growth time,
the researchers can easily tune the nanoribbon width be to less than 10 nanometers. hat wee discovered is that
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges, Arnold says. he widths can be very,
so all the desirable features we want in graphene nanoribbons are happening automatically with this technique. he nanoribbons produced with this technique start nucleating,
#Hundredfold improvement in temperature mapping reveals the stresses inside nanoscale transistors New nanoscale thermal imaging technique shows heat building up inside microprocessors,
and how it dissipates with nanometer accuracy. Image courtesy of The Molecular Foundry) Used in everything from cell phones to supercomputers,
modern microelectronic circuits contain billions of nanometer scale transistors, each generating tiny amounts of heat that collectively can compromise the performance of the device.
#Major innovation in molecular imaging delivers spatial and spectral info simultaneously Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale,
and back of the sample at the same time and achieved unprecedented optical resolution (of approximately 10 nanometers) of a cell.
and each subcellular structure was a distinct color. o using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,
such as the ph, in live cells at the nanometer scale. Image: A spectrally resolved super-resolution microscopy image of four subcellular targets that were labeled by four far-red dyes at 10 nm spectral separation.
Tiny treelike nanostructures in the scales of Morpho wings are known to be responsible for the butterfly brilliant iridescence.
Working with brick-like blocks of gold nanoantennas, the Berkeley researchers fashioned a kin cloakbarely 80 nanometers in thickness,
director of Berkeley Lab Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature. ur ultra-thin cloak now looks like a coat.
and is a member of the Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley (Kavli ENSI), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this research in Science.
however, allow us to manipulate the phase of a propagating wave directly through the use of subwavelength-sized elements that locally tailor the electromagnetic response at the nanoscale,
300 square microns in area that was wrapped conformally in the gold nanoantenna skin cloak, the light reflected off the surface of the skin cloak was identical to light reflected off a flat mirror,
The cloak can be turned nor ffsimply by switching the polarization of the nanoantennas. phase shift provided by each individual nanoantenna fully restores both the wavefront
which uses nanopores to read individual nucleotides, paves the way for better and cheaper DNA sequencing.
The breakthrough is published in Nature Nanotechnology. Reading too fast DNA is a long molecule made up of four repeating different building-blocks.
In nanopore sequencing, DNA passes through a tiny pore in a membrane, much like a thread goes through a needle.
The team then created a nanopore on membrane, almost 3 nm wide. The next step was to dissolve DNA in a thick liquid that contained charged ions and
the team tested their system by passing known nucleotides, dissolved in the liquid, through the nanopore multiple times.
which is promising for sequencing with solid-state nanopores, says Jiandong Feng. The scientists also predict that using high-end electronics
By combining ionic liquids with nanopores on molybdenum disulfide thin films they hope to create a cheaper DNA sequencing platform with a better output.
and nanopore technology can deliver. n
#New graphene oxide biosensors may accelerate research of HIV and cancer drugs Longing to find a cure for cancer, HIV and other yet incurable diseases,
the commercially available chip with carboxymethylated dextran (CMD) layer and the chip covered by monolayer graphene.
#Detecting HIV diagnostic antibodies with DNA nanomachines A nanoscale machine composed of synthetic DNA can be used for the rapid,
An international team of researchers have designed and synthetized a nanometer scale DNA"machine "whose customized modifications enable it to recognize a specific target antibody.
"This DNA nanomachine can be modified in fact custom so that it can detect a huge range of antibodies,
The light-generating DNA antibody detecting nanomachine is illustrated here in action, bound to an antibody o
however, this mechanism is limited often to the top monolayer of atoms of the crystal lattice only.
says Subho Dasgupta of the KIT Institute of Nanotechnology. When charging and discharging a lithium-ion accumulator,
Researchers grow nanocircuitry with semiconducting graphene nanoribbons In a development that could revolutionize electronic circuitry, a research team from the University of Wisconsin at Madison (UW)
and this method provides a straightforward way to make semiconducting nanoscale circuits from graphene, a form of carbon only one atom thick.
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison."
UW researchers went to Argonne staff scientists Brian Kiraly and Nathan Guisinger at the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
"We have some very unique capabilities here at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, "said Guisinger."
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
#New protein nanoparticles allow scientists to track cells and interactions within them Engineers have designed magnetic protein nanoparticles that can be used to track cells
or to monitor interactions within cells. The particles, described today in Nature Communications, are enhanced an version of a naturally occurring, weakly magnetic protein called ferritin. erritin,
which is as close as biology has given us to a naturally magnetic protein nanoparticle, is really not that magnetic.
The new ypermagneticprotein nanoparticles can be produced within cells allowing the cells to be imaged or sorted using magnetic techniques.
prompting them to start producing the protein on their own. ather than actually making a nanoparticle in the lab
and accurately and freezing them in place could enable improved nanoscale sensing methods and aid research to manufacture advanced technologies such as quantum computers and ultra-high-resolution displays.
The device, fabricated at Purdue University's Birck Nanotechnology Center, uses a cylindrical gold"nanoantenna"with a diameter of 320 nanometers,
"and making it possible to manipulate nanometer scale objects suspended in a fluid.""The proposed approach enables the immediate implementation of a myriad of exciting applications,
Findings are detailed in a paper appearing online in Nature Nanotechnology Monday (Nov 2). ) Plasmonic devices harness clouds of electrons called surface plasmons to manipulate
Potential applications for the nanotweezer include improved-sensitivity nanoscale sensors and the study of synthetic and natural nanoobjects including viruses and proteins;
The nanotweezer might be used to create devices containing nanodiamond particles or other nanoscale light-emitting structures that can be used to enhance the production of single photons, workhorses of quantum information processing,
which could bring superior computers, cryptography and communications technologies. Conventional computers use electrons to process information.
and photons, said Vladimir M. Shalaev, co-director of a new Purdue Quantum Center, scientific director of nanophotonics at the Birck Nanotechnology Center and a distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering."
resulting in micrometer-per-second nanoparticle transport by harnessing a single plasmonic nanoantenna, which until now has been thought to be said impossible
Previous research had shown that convection using a single plasmonic nanoantenna was too weak to induce such a strong convection, below 10 nanometers per second,
increasing the velocity of particle transport by 100 times by applying an alternating current electric field in conjunction with heating the plasmonic nanoantenna using a laser to induce a force far stronger than otherwise possible."
'805-893-4765copyright University of California-Santa Barbaraissuers of news releases, not 7th Wave, Inc. or Nanotechnology Now, are solely responsible for the accuracy of the content.
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a moth's eyes are antireflective because of naturally covered tapered nanostructures where the refractive index gradually increases as light travels to the moth's cornea,
"We have shown that our nanostructure glass coatings exhibit superior mechanical resistance to impact abrasion-like sand storms
and contains a small amount of platinum in the form of nanoparticles. This new composite presents some special talents.
The produced aerosol is directed over the heated substrate using a stream of nitrogen gas resulting into a polycrystalline thin film grown on the chalcopyrite substrate over time with embedded nanoparticles of platinum.
#Gold-diamond nanodevice for hyperlocalised cancer therapy: Gold nanorods can be used as remote controlled nanoheaters delivering the right amount of thermal treatment to cancer cells,
thanks to diamond nanocrystals used as temperature sensors Abstract: Precise targeting biological molecules, such as cancer cells,
for treatment is a challenge, due to their sheer size. Now, Taiwanese scientists have proposed an advanced solution, based on a novel combination of previously used techniques,
and colleagues just published in EPJ QT an improved sensing technique for nanometre scale heating and temperature sensing.
Using a chemical method to attach gold nanorods to the surface of a diamond nanocrystal, the authors have invented a new biocompatible nanodevice.
It is capable of delivering extremely localised heating from a near-infrared laser aimed at the gold nanorods
while accurately sensing temperature with the nanocrystals. The authors'lab specialises in fabricating bright fluorescent diamond nanocrystals.
The paticularity of these nanocrystals is that they contain a high concentration of punctual colour centre defects.
When exposed to green light, these centres emit a red fluorescent light, useful for sub-cellular imaging applications.
Unlike ordinary fluorescent material, these centres can also be turned into hypersensitive nanoprobes to detect temperature and magnetic field, via optical manipulation and detection.
By introducing gold nanoparticles to the nanocrystal, the authors make it possible to convert the incoming laser light into extremely localised heat.
These gold nanoparticles can therefore act as switchable nanoheaters for therapies based on delivering intense and precise heat to cancerous cells,
using a laser as the energy source. The novelty of this study is that it shows that it is possible to use diamond nanocrystals as hypersensitive temperature sensors with a high spatial resolution-ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers-to monitor the amount of heat delivered to cancer cells s
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