To decouple those two effects, the researchers coated the surface featuring spaced-out microscale posts with nanoscale particles.
under the same conditions, the droplets did not wet the surfaces of samples with either the microscale posts or the nanoscale texture,
Such particles could make it more feasible to design lab-on-a-chip devices, which hold potential as portable diagnostic devices for cancer and other diseases.
#Resistance is futile Cisplatin is given a chemotherapy drug to more than half of all cancer patients. The drug kills cells very effectively by damaging nuclear DNA but if tumors become resistant to cisplatin they often grow back.
From metals to drugsthe researchers now hope to explore mitochondrial-targeted cisplatin s potential use as a chemotherapy drug by testing it in animals.
And the ground receiver is based on arrays of small inexpensive telescopes that are coupled fiber to highly efficient superconducting nanowires a photon counting technology that was brought to its high state of maturity by joint MIT and Lincoln Lab teams.
The noninvasive diagnostic described in a recent issue of the journal ACS Nano relies on nanoparticles that detect the presence of thrombin a key blood-clotting factor.
which is an injectable nanoparticle and made it a thrombin sensor. The system consists of iron oxide nanoparticles
which the Food and Drug Administration has approved for human use coated with peptides (short proteins) that are specialized to interact with thrombin.
After being injected into mice the nanoparticles travel throughout the body. When the particles encounter thrombin the thrombin cleaves the peptides at a specific location releasing fragments that are excreted then in the animals urine.
Through application of the nanoparticles if proven well-tolerated and nontoxic alterations in the normal low levels of physiological thrombin generation might be detected easily says Spronk who was not part of the research team.
Other applications for the nanoparticle system could include monitoring and diagnosing cancer. It could also be adapted to track liver pulmonary
Metal fatigue, for example which can result from an accumulation of nanoscale cracks over time s probably the most common failure modefor structural metals in general
For this study, the researchers found that light with a wavelength of 980 nanometers worked best.
Using this system, the researchers measured changes in the height of red blood cells, with nanoscale sensitivity,
The research was funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and Nanoscope Technologies, LLC n
making the fibers thinner each time and approaching nanometer scale. During this process, Anikeeva says, eatures that used to be inches across are now microns.
the Center for Materials science and engineering, the Center for Sensorimotor Neural engineering, the Mcgovern Institute for Brain Research, the U s army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies,
about 20 nanometers in size the same size range as the smallest features that can now be produced in microchips.
Now physicists at MIT have developed an experimental technique to simulate friction at the nanoscale. Using their technique,
Vladan Vuletic, the Lester Wolfe Professor of Physics at MIT, says the ability to tune friction would be helpful in developing nanomachines tiny robots built from components the size of single molecules.
Vuletic says that at the nanoscale, friction may exact a greater force for instance, creating wear and tear on tiny motors much faster than occurs at larger scales. here a big effort to understand friction and control it,
because it one of the limiting factors for nanomachines, but there has been relatively little progress in actually controlling friction at any scale,
Learn about the technique MIT physicists developed to simulate friction at the nanoscale. Video: Melanie Gonick/MIT (with computer simulations from Alexei Bylinkskii) Friction and force fieldsthe team simulated friction at the nanoscale by first engineering two surfaces to be placed in contact:
an optical lattice, and an ion crystal. The optical lattice was generated using two laser beams traveling in opposite directions,
not only for realizing nanomachines, but also for controlling proteins, molecules, and other biological components. n the biological domain, there are various molecules
from the nanoscale to the macroscale. he applications and related impact of their novel method propels a huge variety of research fields investigating effects relevant from raft tectonics down to biological systems
who was involved not in the research. ust imagine a nanomachine where we could control friction to enhance contact for traction,
EMS innovationsmicrochips Biotech made several innovations in the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing process to ensure the microchips could be commercialized.
The new approach uses yarns, made from nanowires of the element niobium, as the electrodes in tiny supercapacitors (which are essentially pairs of electrically conducting fibers with an insulator between).
Nanotechnology researchers have been working to increase the performance of supercapacitors for the past decade. Among nanomaterials, carbon-based nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes and graphene have shown promising results,
but they suffer from relatively low electrical conductivity, Mirvakili says. In this new work, he and his colleagues have shown that desirable characteristics for such devices,
are not unique to carbon-based nanoparticles, and that niobium nanowire yarn is a promising an alternative. magine youe got some kind of wearable health-monitoring system,
Hunter says, nd it needs to broadcast data, for example using Wi-fi, over a long distance. At the moment, the coin-sized batteries used in many small electronic devices have limited very ability to deliver a lot of power at once,
The new nanowire-based supercapacitor exceeds the performance of existing batteries, while occupying a very small volume. f youe got an Apple Watch and
Overall, niobium-based supercapacitors can store up to five times as much power in a given volume as carbon nanotube versions.
500 degrees Celsius so devices made from these nanowires could potentially be suitable for use in high-temperature applications.
individual niobium nanowires are just 140 nanometers in diameter 140 billionths of a meter across,
#New study shows how nanoparticles can clean up environmental pollutants Many human-made pollutants in the environment resist degradation through natural processes,
researchers from MIT and the Federal University of Goiás in Brazil demonstrate a novel method for using nanoparticles
They initially sought to develop nanoparticles that could be used to deliver drugs to cancer cells. Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT.
Nanoparticles made from these polymers have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell. Due to molecular-scale forces
in a solution hydrophobic pollutant molecules move toward the hydrophobic nanoparticles, and adsorb onto their surface,
If left alone, these nanomaterials would remain suspended and dispersed evenly in water. But when exposed to UV LIGHT,
according to the researchers, was confirming that small molecules do indeed adsorb passively onto the surface of nanoparticles. o the best of our knowledge,
it is the first time that the interactions of small molecules with preformed nanoparticles can be measured directly,
we showed in a system that the adsorption of small molecules on the surface of the nanoparticles can be used for extraction of any kind,
as another example of a persistent pollutant that could potentially be remediated using these nanomaterials. nd for analytical applications where you don need as much volume to purify or concentrate,
The study also suggests the broader potential for adapting nanoscale drug-delivery techniques developed for use in environmental remediation. hat we can apply some of the highly sophisticated,
and an expert in nanoengineering for health care and medical applications. hen you think about field deployment,
which the nanoribbons are pulled apart. The way atoms line up along the edge of a ribbon of graphenehe atom-thick form of carbonontrols
which appeared this month in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Nanoscale, the Rice team used sophisticated computer modeling to show it's possible to rip nanoribbons
and get graphene with either pristine zigzag edges or what are called reconstructed zigzags. Perfect graphene looks like chicken wire,
The researchers have used the technique to determine that materials with a highly organized structure at the nanoscale are not more efficient at creating free electrons than poorly organized structures#a finding
The researchers created highly organized nanostructures within a portion of the active layer of an organic solar cell meaning that the molecules in that portion all ran the same way.
and it tells us that we don't need highly ordered nanostructures for efficient free electron generation.
and nanostructure features are needed to advance organic solar cell technology. Explore further: Hybrid materials could smash the solar efficiency ceiling More information:
#Researchers generate tiny images that contain over 300 colors A scheme for greatly increasing the number of colors that can be produced by arrays of tiny aluminum nanodisks has been demonstrated by A*STAR scientists.
A similar effect can be realized at a much smaller scale by using arrays of metallic nanostructures since light of certain wavelengths excites collective oscillations of free electrons known as plasmon resonances in such structures.
An advantage of using metal nanostructures rather than inks is that it is possible to enhance the resolution of color images by a hundred fold.
Joel Yang and Shawn Tan at the A*STAR Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and co-workers used an electron beam to form arrays of approximately 100-nanometer-tall pillars.
In these arrays each pixel was an 800-nanometer-long square containing four aluminum nanodisks.
The plasmon resonance wavelength varies sensitively with the dimensions of the nanostructures. Consequently by varying the diameter of the four aluminum nanodisks in a pixel (all four nanodisks having the same diameter) the scientists were able to produce about 15 distinct colors#a good start
but hardly enough to faithfully reproduce full-color images. By allowing two pairs of diametrically opposite nanodisks to have different diameters from each other then varying the two diameters enabled them to increase this number to over 100.
Finally they generated over 300 colors by varying both the nanodisk diameter (but keeping all four diameters within a pixel the same) and the spacing between adjacent nanodisks in a pixel (see image).
This method is analogous to half-toning used in ink-based printing and results in a broad color gamut comments Yang.
The researchers demonstrated the effectiveness of their extended palette using a Monet painting. They reproduced the image using both a limited and extended palette with a much better color reproduction from the extended palette.
Researchers use aluminum nanostructures for photorealistic printing of plasmonic color palettes More information: Tan S. J. Zhang L. Zhu D. Goh X. M. Wang Y. M. et al.
Plasmonic color palettes for photorealistic printing with aluminum nanostructures. Nano Letters 14 4023#4029 (2014.
#One nanoparticle six types of medical imaging It's technology so advanced that the machine capable of using it doesn't yet exist.
University at Buffalo researchers and their colleagues have designed a nanoparticle that can be detected by six medical imaging techniques:
In the future, patients could receive a single injection of the nanoparticles to have all six types of imaging done.
"This nanoparticle may open the door for new'hypermodal'imaging systems that allow a lot of new information to be obtained using just one contrast agent,
"When Lovell and colleagues used the nanoparticles to examine the lymph nodes of mice, they found that CT
One nanoparticle, 6 types of medical imaging This transmission electron microscopy image shows the nanoparticles, which consist of a core that glows blue
The research, Hexamodal Imaging with Porphyrin-Phospholipid-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles, was published online Jan 14 in the journal Advanced Materials.
The researchers designed the nanoparticles from two components: An"upconversion"core that glows blue when struck by near-infrared light,
"Combining these two biocompatible components into a single nanoparticle could give tomorrow's doctors a powerful,
whether the nanoparticle is safe to use for such purposes, but it does not contain toxic metals such as cadmium that are known to pose potential risks
and found in some other nanoparticles.""""Another advantage of this core/shell imaging contrast agent is that it could enable biomedical imaging at multiple scales, from single-molecule to cell imaging,
and nanoscale lateral dimensions represent two critical capabilities for advanced applications. The thickness can be controlled through a combination of printing parameters including the size of the nozzle the stage speed ink composition and voltage bias.
Their work on high-resolution patterns of quantum dots is of interest as it shows that advanced techniques in e-jet printing offer powerful capabilities in patterning quantum dot materials from solution inks over large areas.
E-jet printing refers to a technique called electrohydrodynamic jet described as a micro/nanomanufacturing process that uses an electric field to induce fluid jet printing through micro/nanoscale nozzles.
Writing in IEEE Spectrum on Monday Prachi Patel similarly made note that Quantum dots (QDS) are light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals that used in light-emitting diodes (LEDS) hold the promise of brighter faster displays.
Princeton team explores 3d printed quantum dot LEDS More information: High-resolution Patterns of Quantum dots Formed by Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for Light-emitting diodes Nano Lett.
#Nanoparticles for clean drinking water One way of removing harmful nitrate from drinking water is to catalyse its conversion to nitrogen.
By using palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst, and by carefully controlling their size, this drawback can be eliminated partially.
It was research conducted by Yingnan Zhao of the University of Twente's MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology that led to this discovery.
Yingnan Zhao decided to use nanometre-sized colloidal palladium particles, as their dimensions can be controlled easily.
This has resulted in palladium nanoparticles that can catalyse the conversion to nitrogen while producing very little ammonia.
which is entitled"Colloidal Nanoparticles as Catalysts and Catalyst Precursors for Nitrite Hydrogenation"on Thursday 15 january a
New nanotechnology keeps bacteria from sticking to surfaces Just as the invention of nonstick pans was a boon for chefs,
a new type of nanoscale surface that bacteria can't stick to holds promise for applications in the food processing, medical and even shipping industries.
The technology, developed collaboratively by researchers from Cornell University and Rensselaer Polytechnic institute, uses an electrochemical process called anodization to create nanoscale pores that change the electrical charge and surface energy of a metal surface,
These pores can be as small as 15 nanometers; a sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.
When the anodization process was applied to aluminum, it created a nanoporous surface called alumina, which proved effective in preventing surrogates of two well-known pathogens, Escherichia coli o157:
The study also investigates how the size of the nanopores changes the repulsive forces on bacteria."
"It's probably one of the lowest-cost possibilities to manufacture a nanostructure on a metallic surface,
#Carbon nanotube finding could lead to flexible electronics with longer battery life University of Wisconsin-Madison materials engineers have made a significant leap toward creating higher-performance electronics with improved battery lifend the ability
the team has reported the highest-performing carbon nanotube transistors ever demonstrated. In addition to paving the way for improved consumer electronics,
000 times better and a conductance that's 100 times better than previous state-of-the-art carbon nanotube transistors."
because metallic nanotube impurities act like copper wires and"short"the device. Researchers have struggled also to control the placement and alignment of nanotubes.
Until now these two challenges have limited the development of high-performance carbon nanotube transistors. Building on more than two decades of carbon nanotube research in the field,
the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes,
achieving a solution of ultra-high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Previous techniques to align the nanotubes resulted in less than-desirable packing density,
or how close the nanotubes are to one another when they are assembled in a film. However, the UW-Madison researchers pioneered a new technique,
called floating evaporative self-assembly, or FESA, which they described earlier in 2014 in the ACS journal Langmuir.
In that technique, researchers exploited a self-assembly phenomenon triggered by rapidly evaporating a carbon nanotube solution.
The team's most recent advance also brings the field closer to realizing carbon nanotube transistors as a feasible replacement for silicon transistors in computer chips and in high-frequency communication devices,
which are rapidly approaching their physical scaling and performance limits.""This is not an incremental improvement in performance,
"With these results, we've really made a leap in carbon nanotube transistors. Our carbon nanotube transistors are an order of magnitude better in conductance than the best thin film transistor technologies currently being used commercially
while still switching on and off like a transistor is supposed to function.""The researchers have patented their technology through the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
and the Centre for Materials Physics (CSIC-UPV/EHU) has managed with atomic precision to create nanostructures combining graphene ribbons of varying widths.
The work is being published in the prestigious journal Nature Nanotechnology. Few materials have received as much attention from the scientific world
That is why ribbons or rows of graphene with nanometric widths are emerging as tremendously interesting electronic components.
On the other hand due to the great variability of electronic properties upon minimal changes in the structure of these nanoribbons exact control on an atomic level is an indispensable requirement to make the most of all their potential.
The lithographic techniques used in conventional nanotechnology do not yet have such resolution and precision. In the year 2010 however a way was found to synthesise nanoribbons with atomic precision by means of the so-called molecular self-assembly.
Molecules designed for this purpose are deposited onto a surface in such a way that they react with each other
This work the results of which are being published this very week in the prestigious journal Nature Nanotechnology
Manipulating nanoribbons at the molecular level More information: Bandgap Engineering of Bottom-up Synthesized Graphene nanoribbons by Controlled Heterojunctions.
F. Crommie Nature Nanotechnology (2015) DOI: 10.1038/nnano. 2014.307 7
#A speedy test for bladder cancer A fast and accurate urine test for bladder cancer developed by A*STAR researchers has the potential to replace the currently used invasive physical probe.
and bimetallic film over nanoparticles, a planar substrate for enhancing SERS signals. Together these technologies help to overcome interfering signals from the matrix background such as proteins in urine.
The bimetallic film over nanoparticles is coated also with osmium carbonyl clusters to which target-seeking antibodies can be conjugated for assaying A1at (see image).
The researchers first tested the immunoassay on a series of standard solutions containing A1at antigens at various concentrations in the range 10 to 1, 000 nanograms per milliliter.
#Researchers find exposure to nanoparticles may threaten heart health Nanoparticles extremely tiny particles measured in billionths of a meter are increasingly everywhere and especially in biomedical products.
but now a team of Israeli scientists has for the first time found that exposure nanoparticles (NPS) of silicon dioxide (Sio2) can play a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases
and the Center of Excellence in Exposure Science and Environmental Health (TCEEH Environmental exposure to nanoparticles is becoming unavoidable due to the rapid expansion of nanotechnology says the study's lead author Prof.
and dispose of nanoparticles. Products that use silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical uses such as various chips drug or gene delivery and tracking imaging ultrasound therapy and diagnostics may also pose an increased cardiovascular
risk for consumers as well. In this study researchers exposed cultured laboratory mouse cells resembling the arterial wall cells to NPS of silicon dioxide
The aims of our study were to gain additional insight into the cardiovascular risk associated with silicon dioxide nanoparticle exposure
We also wanted to use nanoparticles as a model for ultrafine particle (UFP) exposure as cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Here researchers have discovered for the first time that the toxicity of silicon dioxide nanoparticles has a significant and substantial effect on the accumulation of triglycerides in the macrophages at all exposure concentrations analyzed
This reality leads to increased human exposure and interaction of silica-based nanoparticles with biological systems.
and environmental hazards are being addressed at the same time as the nanotechnology is being developed. Explore further: New driver of atherosclerosis offers potential as therapeutic targe r
if nanometer-sized carbon balls are added. This could result in enormous efficiency gains in the power grids of the future,
a nanomaterial in the fullerene molecular group, provide strong protection against breakdown of the insulation plastic used in high-voltage cables.
It is sufficient to add very small amounts of fullerene to the insulation plastic for it to withstand a voltage that is 26 per cent higher, without the material breaking down,
Fullerenes prevent electrical trees from forming by capturing electrons that would otherwise destroy chemical bonds in the plastic.
In recent years, other researchers have experimented with fullerenes in the electrically conductive parts of high-voltage cables.
Lina Bertling The Chalmers researchers have demonstrated now that fullerenes are the best voltage stabilizers identified for insulation plastic thus far.
Fullerenes turned out to be the type of additive that most effectively protects the insulation plastic.
#Arming nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and treatment UCD researchers have manipulated successfully nanoparticles to target two human breast cancer cell lines as a tool in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Coating nanoparticles with different substances allows their interaction with cells to be tuned in a particular way.
For example using an optically active particle like gold (Au) will provide excellent contrast in near infrared (NIR) imaging
and Chemical Biology and Professor Walter Kolch in Systems Biology Ireland synthesised nanorods with a long iron segment coated with polyethylene glycol
The team believe that Fe-Au functionalised nanorods used in conjunction with these drugs could be useful in cancer treatment.
After characterising and tuning the interaction of the nanorods with the cells the research team assessed how the cells respond to mechanical stimulation.
and used a novel microfluidic chip to monitor the interaction of individual nanorods with two human breast cancer cell lines that express the Erbb family of receptors at different rates.
When the HRG-nanorods bind to cancer cells expressing Erbb they kick off a cascade of signalling events that lead to cell death.
The results are a positive indication for nanoscale targeting and localised manipulation of cancer cells with a specific receptor profile.
#'Trojan horse'proteins are step forward for nanoparticle-based anticancer and anti-dementia therapeutic approaches Scientists at Brunel University London have found a way of targeting hard-to-reach cancers
and degenerative diseases using nanoparticles but without causing the damaging side effects the treatment normally brings.
In a huge step forward in the use of nanomedicine the research helped discover proteins in the blood that disguise nanoparticles
Two studies Complement activation by carbon nanotubes and its influence on the phagocytosis and cytokine response by macrophages and Complement deposition on nanoparticles can modulate immune responses by macrophage B
and T cells found that carbon nanotubes (CNTS) triggered a chain reaction in the complement system which is part of the innate immune system
The interaction between CNTS and C1q (a starter-protein for complement) was anti-inflammatory. This suggests that either coating nanoparticles
or healthy tissue with complement proteins could reduce tissue damage and help treat inflammatory diseases like Parkinson's Huntington's ALS and Alzheimer's.
if the binding between complement proteins and CNTS was direct or indirect. However changing the surfaces of CNTS affected how likely the complement system was to be activated and in what way.
Using the data from this study carbon nanoparticles coated with genetically-engineered proteins are being used to target glioblastoma the most aggressive form of brain tumour.
Dr Uday Kishore from Brunel University London's College of Health and Life sciences said: By using a protein recognised by the immune system to effectively disguise carbon nanoparticles we will be able to deploy these tiny particles to target hard-to-reach areas without damaging side effects to the patient.
This is a big step forward. It is like understanding how to use penicillin safely and could be as revolutionary to modern medicine as its twentieth century predecessor r
#Scalable growth of high quality bismuth nanowires Bismuth nanowires have intriguing electronic and energy harvesting application possibilities.
A group at the CFN Brookhaven National Laboratory has demonstrated a new technique to produce single-crystal nanowires atop arbitrary substrates including glass silicon
#The simplicity of the technique and the universality of the mechanism open a new avenue for the growth of nanowire arrays of a variety of materials.
This is the first report on the high yield(>70%)synthesis of single crystalline bismuth nanowires a material with potentially exploitable and intriguing thermoelectric properties.#
#This technique produces bismuth nanowires in quantities limited only by the size of the substrate on
#The dimensions of the bismuth nanowires can be tuned over a very wide range simply by varying the substrate's temperature.#
#Further in contrast with other fabrication methods with this new technique there is no need for a catalyst to activate the production of the nanowires
CFN's Materials Synthesis and Characterization Electron microscopy and Advanced UV and X-ray Probes Facilities were used for synthesis of nanowires and their structural characterization.
Uniform nanowire arrays for science and manufacturing More information: Surface energy induced formation of single crystalline bismuth nanowires over vanadium thin film at room temperature.
Nano Letters 14 5630#5635 (2014) DOI: 10.1021/nl502208 2
#New'electronic skin'for prosthetics robotics detects pressure from different directions Touch can be a subtle sense,
We used the quantum dots also known as nanoparticles as an ink Mcalpine said. We were able to generate two different colors orange and green.
For example it is not trivial to pattern a thin and uniform coating of nanoparticles and polymers without the involvement of conventional microfabrication techniques yet the thickness and uniformity of the printed films are two of the critical parameters that determine the performance
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