and contains a small amount of platinum in the form of nanoparticles. This new composite presents some special talents.
The produced aerosol is directed over the heated substrate using a stream of nitrogen gas resulting into a polycrystalline thin film grown on the chalcopyrite substrate over time with embedded nanoparticles of platinum.
#Gold-diamond nanodevice for hyperlocalised cancer therapy: Gold nanorods can be used as remote controlled nanoheaters delivering the right amount of thermal treatment to cancer cells,
thanks to diamond nanocrystals used as temperature sensors Abstract: Precise targeting biological molecules, such as cancer cells,
for treatment is a challenge, due to their sheer size. Now, Taiwanese scientists have proposed an advanced solution, based on a novel combination of previously used techniques,
and colleagues just published in EPJ QT an improved sensing technique for nanometre scale heating and temperature sensing.
Using a chemical method to attach gold nanorods to the surface of a diamond nanocrystal, the authors have invented a new biocompatible nanodevice.
It is capable of delivering extremely localised heating from a near-infrared laser aimed at the gold nanorods
while accurately sensing temperature with the nanocrystals. The authors'lab specialises in fabricating bright fluorescent diamond nanocrystals.
The paticularity of these nanocrystals is that they contain a high concentration of punctual colour centre defects.
When exposed to green light, these centres emit a red fluorescent light, useful for sub-cellular imaging applications.
Unlike ordinary fluorescent material, these centres can also be turned into hypersensitive nanoprobes to detect temperature and magnetic field, via optical manipulation and detection.
By introducing gold nanoparticles to the nanocrystal, the authors make it possible to convert the incoming laser light into extremely localised heat.
These gold nanoparticles can therefore act as switchable nanoheaters for therapies based on delivering intense and precise heat to cancerous cells,
using a laser as the energy source. The novelty of this study is that it shows that it is possible to use diamond nanocrystals as hypersensitive temperature sensors with a high spatial resolution-ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers-to monitor the amount of heat delivered to cancer cells s
#Better together: Graphene-nanotube hybrid switches But together, these two materials make a workable digital switch,
which is the basis for controlling electrons in computers, phones, medical equipment and other electronics. Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
The journal Scientific Reports recently published their work.""The question is: How do you fuse these two materials together?"
Nanoscale Tweaks Graphene is a molecule-thick sheet of carbon atoms; the nanotubes are made like straws of boron and nitrogen.
Yap and his team exfoliate graphene and modify the material's surface with tiny pinholes.
Then they can grow the nanotubes up and through the pinholes. Meshed together like this, the material looks like a flake of bark sprouting erratic, thin hairs."
and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents. This disparity creates a barrier, caused by the difference in electron movement as currents move next to and past the hairlike boron nitride nanotubes.
These points of contact between the materials--called heterojunctions--are what make the digital on/off switch possible."
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
or lattice matching. With their aligned atoms, the graphene-nanotube digital switches could avoid the issues of electron scattering."
"You want to control the direction of the electrons, "Yap explains, comparing the challenge to a pinball machine that traps,
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
#Sandcastles inspire new nanoparticle binding technique"Nanocapillary-mediated magnetic assembly of nanoparticles into ultraflexible filaments and reconfigurable networks"Abstract:
Here, we show that capillarity-mediated binding between magnetic nanoparticles coated with a liquid lipid shell can be used for the assembly of ultraflexible microfilaments and network structures.
These filaments can be regenerated magnetically on mechanical damage, owing to the fluidity of the capillary bridges between nanoparticles and their reversible binding on contact.
Sandcastles inspire new nanoparticle binding technique If you want to form very flexible chains of nanoparticles in liquid
in order to build tiny robots with flexible joints or make magnetically self-healing gels, you need to revert to childhood
researchers from North carolina State university and the University of North carolina-Chapel hill show that magnetic nanoparticles encased in oily liquid shells can bind together in water,
"We then add a magnetic field to arrange the nanoparticle chains and provide directionality, "said Bhuvnesh Bharti,
and makes the bridges fragile, leading to breaking and fragmentation of the nanoparticle chains. Yet the broken nanoparticles chains will reform
if the temperature is raised, the oil liquefies and an external magnetic field is applied to the particles."
Applying voltage to a 250-nanometer-thick sandwich of graphene, tantalum, nanoporous tantalum oxide and platinum creates addressable bits where the layers meet.
Third, the flow of current draws oxygen ions from the tantalum oxide nanopores and stabilizes them.
and a way to control the size of the nanopores. Wang is an assistant professor at the Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology's Graduate school of Converging Science and Technology.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of Rice's Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology y
As a hybrid, the instrument, described in a paper published in Nature Nanotechnology, combines the disciplines of nanospectroscopy and nanomechanical microscopy."
"The originality of the instrument and technique lies in its ability to provide information about a material's chemical composition in the broad infrared spectrum of the chemical composition while showing the morphology of a material's interior and exterior with nanoscale-a billionth of a meter-resolution,
Researchers will be able to study samples ranging from engineered nanoparticles and nanostructures to naturally occurring biological polymers, tissues and plant cells.
The first application as part of DOE's Bioenergy Science Center was in the examination of plant cell walls under several treatments to provide submicron characterization.
The plant cell wall is layered a nanostructure of biopolymers such as cellulose. Scientists want to convert such biopolymers to free the useful sugars and release energy An earlier instrument,
"An urgent need exists for new platforms that can tackle the challenges of subsurface and chemical characterization at the nanometer scale,
chemical or biological processes at the nanoscale To gain even deeper insights into the smallest of worlds,
This makes highly precise filming of dynamic processes at the nanometer scale possible. The results were published recently in the research journal Scientific Reports.
On the one hand, this is due to the fact that such processes take place on a scale of a millionth of a millimeter (nanometer)
"This makes our nanoscope suitable for viewing ultra-fast physical processes as well as for biological process, which are often very slow,
Combining two methods guarantees high spatial and temporal Resolution The nanoscope is based on the further development of near-field microscopy, in
one can achieve a spatial resolution in the order of the near-field magnitude, that is, in the nanometer range."
the teams led by the two Dresden physicists have managed to combine all the advantages of both methods in their nanoscope."
The clever electronic method enables the nanoscope to exclusively record only the changes actually occurring in the sample's properties due to the excitation.
Although other research groups have reported only recently good temporal resolution with their nanoscopes, they could not, however,
Universal in every respect"With our nanoscope's considerable wavelength coverage, dynamic processes can be studied with the best suited wavelengths for the specific process under study.
The Dresden nanoscope is universally adaptable to respective scientific questions. The probe pulse wavelengths can,
the team arranged metal-oxide nanosheets into a single plane within a material by using a magnetic field
The nanosheets ended up stuck within the polymer, aligned in a single plane. Due to electrostatic forces, the sheets create electrostatic resistance in one direction but not in the other.
However, scientists have struggled to fabricate the material into ultra-narrow strips, called nanoribbons, that could enable the use of graphene in high-performance semiconductor electronics.
graphene nanoribbons need to be less than 10 nanometers wide, which is phenomenally narrow. In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth,
well-defined"armchair"edges in which the carbon-carbon bonds are parallel to the length of the ribbon.
Researchers have fabricated typically nanoribbons by using lithographic techniques to cut larger sheets of graphene into ribbons.
and produces nanoribbons with very rough edges. Another strategy for making nanoribbons is to use a"bottom-up"approach such as surface-assisted organic synthesis,
where molecular precursors react on a surface to polymerize nanoribbons. Arnold says surface-assisted synthesis can produce beautiful nanoribbons with precise
smooth edges, but this method only works on metal substrates and the resulting nanoribbons are thus far too short for use in electronics.
To overcome these hurdles, the UW-Madison researchers pioneered a bottom-up technique in which they grow ultra-narrow nanoribbons with smooth,
straight edges directly on germanium wafers using a process called chemical vapor deposition. In this process, the researchers start with methane,
which adsorbs to the germanium surface and decomposes to form various hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons react with each other on the surface,
the graphene crystals naturally grow into long nanoribbons on a specific crystal facet of germanium. By simply controlling the growth rate and growth time,
the researchers can easily tune the nanoribbon width be to less than 10 nanometers.""What we've discovered is that
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges, "Arnold says.""The widths can be very,
"The nanoribbons produced with this technique start nucleating, or growing, at seemingly random spots on the germanium and are oriented in two different directions on the surface.
& Interfaces the development of a biodegradable nanogenerator made with DNA that can harvest the energy from everyday motion and turn it into electrical power.
The first prototypes of these nanogenerators are currently being developed in laboratories around the world. And now, one group of scientists wants to add another feature to this technology:
The researchers built a nanogenerator using a flexible, biocompatible polymer film made out of polyvinylidene fluoride, or PVDF.
#Advance in photodynamic therapy offers new approach to ovarian cancer The findings were published just in the journal Nanomedicine:
Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, and after further research may offer a novel mechanism to address this aggressive and often fatal cancer that kills 14,000 women in the United states each year.
what researchers call"dendrimer-based nanoplatforms, "a nanotechnology approach developed by OSU researchers. It delivers the compounds selectively into cancer cells,
but not healthy cells. Compared to existing photodynamic therapies, this approach allows the near-infrared light to penetrate much deeper into abdominal tissues,
We have fabricated also Li-ion batteries based on structurally resilient carbon nanotube-based electrodes that have survived thousands of flexing cycles.
With our technology, we can take a razor-thin silicon integrated circuit, a few hundred nanometers thick,
Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) researcher has invented a new technology to image single molecules with unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution,
and back of the sample at the same time and achieved unprecedented optical resolution (of approximately 10 nanometers) of a cell.
"So using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,
such as the ph, in live cells at the nanometer scale e
#Artificial leaf harnesses sunlight for efficient fuel production Generating and storing renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean energy economy.
which showed that adding a nanometers-thick layer of titanium dioxide (Tio2)--a material found in white paint
and colleagues uses such a 62.5-nanometer-thick Tio2 layer to effectively prevent corrosion and improve the stability of a gallium arsenide-based photoelectrode.
active catalyst by adding a 2-nanometer-thick layer of nickel to the surface of the Tio2.
2015 The results are published today, 03 september 2015, in the journal Nanotechnology. Methane capture and storage provides a double environmental return-it removes a harmful greenhouse gas from the atmosphere that can then be used as a fuel that is cleaner than other fossil fuels.
the UVM team was able to observe nanoscale defects and boundaries in the crystal grains in the thin films of phthalocyanine--roadblocks in the electron highway."
consists of a 200 nanometre thin layer of yttrium iron garnet (a mineral and magnetic insulator, YIG in short), with a conducting platinum strip on top of that on both sides.
#Targeted drug delivery with these nanoparticles can make medicines more effective: Nanoparticles wrapped inside human platelet membranes serve as new vehicles for targeted drug delivery The research,
led by nanoengineers at the UC San diego Jacobs School of engineering, was published online Sept. 16 in Nature.""This work addresses a major challenge in the field of nanomedicine:
targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles, "said Liangfang Zhang, a nanoengineering professor at UC San diego and the senior author of the study."
"Because of their targeting ability, platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can directly provide a much higher dose of medication specifically to diseased areas without saturating the entire body with drugs."
"The study is an excellent example of using engineering principles and technology to achieve"precision medicine,
"said Shu Chien, a professor of bioengineering and medicine, director of the Institute of Engineering in Medicine at UC San diego,
and a corresponding author on the study.""While this proof of principle study demonstrates specific delivery of therapeutic agents to treat cardiovascular disease and bacterial infections,
The ins and outs of the platelet copycats On the outside, platelet-mimicking nanoparticles are cloaked with human platelet membranes,
which enable the nanoparticles to circulate throughout the bloodstream without being attacked by the immune system. The platelet membrane coating has another beneficial feature:
and certain pathogens such as MRSA bacteria, allowing the nanoparticles to deliver and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body.
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
To make the platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles, engineers first separated platelets from whole blood samples using a centrifuge.
the platelet membranes were broken up into much smaller pieces and fused to the surface of nanoparticle cores.
The resulting platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter, which is one thousand times thinner than an average sheet of paper.
This cloaking technology is based on the strategy that Zhang's research group had developed to cloak nanoparticles in red blood cell membranes.
The researchers previously demonstrated that nanoparticles disguised as red blood cells are capable of removing dangerous pore-forming toxins produced by MRSA, poisonous snake bites and bee stings from the bloodstream.
Platelet copycats at work In one part of this study, researchers packed platelet-mimicking nanoparticles with docetaxel,
Researchers observed that the docetaxel-containing nanoparticles selectively collected onto the damaged sites of arteries
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can also greatly minimize bacterial infections that have entered the bloodstream and spread to various organs in the body.
Researchers injected nanoparticles containing just one-sixth the clinical dose of the antibiotic vancomycin into one of group of mice systemically infected with MRSA bacteria.
"Our platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can increase the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics because they can focus treatment on the bacteria locally without spreading drugs to healthy tissues
"We hope to develop platelet-mimicking nanoparticles into new treatments for systemic bacterial infections and cardiovascular disease."
The nanosensor consists of plasmonic nanoparticles that are placed at regular distance from each other. Based on the results of the modeling
The role of nanosensor between body surface and the detector is to strengthen the signal and taking samples through plasmonic effects of nanoparticles.
With more photons, at a wavelength of 33 nanometers, the researchers were able to make an image with a resolution of 26 nanometers--almost the theoretical limit."
When taking snapshots every second, the researchers reached a resolution below 80 nanometers. The prospect of high-resolution and real-time imaging using such a relatively small setup could lead to all kinds of applications,
The work, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
The substrate is stretched before the gold nanomesh is placed on it-a process known as"prestretching "-and the material showed no sign of fatigue
The gold nanomesh also proved conducive to cell growth, indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices.
"We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
and expect the Au nanomesh to achieve superstretchability and high fatigue resistance, "they wrote in the paper."
"the Au nanomesh does not exhibit strain fatigue when it is stretched to 50 percent for 10,000 cycles."
that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
using gold nanomesh, in a paper published in Nature Communications in January 2014. This work expands on that,
which is a common technique for producing nanometer scale patterns.""That's not necessarily the only way,"said Raman, a co-first-author of the paper."
which uses nanopores to read individual nucleotides, paves the way for better-and cheaper-DNA sequencing.
However,"nanopore sequencing"is prone to high inaccuracy because DNA usually passes through very fast. EPFL scientists have discovered now a viscous liquid that slows down the process up to a thousand times,
The breakthrough is published in Nature Nanotechnology. Reading too fast DNA is a long molecule made up of four repeating different building-blocks.
In nanopore sequencing, DNA passes through a tiny pore in a membrane, much like a thread goes through a needle.
The team then created a nanopore on membrane, almost 3 nm wide. The next step was to dissolve DNA in a thick liquid that contained charged ions and
Finally, the team tested their system by passing known nucleotides, dissolved in the liquid, through the nanopore multiple times.
which is promising for sequencing with solid-state nanopores, "says Jiandong Feng. The scientists also predict that using high-end electronics
By combining ionic liquids with nanopores on molybdenum disulfide thin films, they hope to create a cheaper DNA sequencing platform with a better output.
-and nanopore technology can deliver
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light--for the computers of tomorrow Pioneering research by an international team of scientists,
a nanoscale integrated optical memory that could open up the route towards ultra-fast data processing and storage.
This changeability-between crystalline (regular) and amorphous (irregular) states-allowed the team to store many bits in a single integrated nanoscale optical phase-change cell l
A nanocomposite coating has been produced in this research by combining hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the base material and diopside ceramic.
The nanocomposite has desirable mechanical properties biocompatibility, chemical stability and resistance to corrosion and abrasion.
because the optimum conditions for applying nanocomposite coating through electrophoretic method on metals are obtained at low particle size distributions s
and record these nanoscale interactions in real time. As they report Sept. 28 in Nature Biotechnology, this tool should provide fast and reliable characterization of the different mechanisms cellular proteins use to bind to DNA strands--information that could shed new light on the atomic-scale interactions within our cells
they developed this tool--the single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers, or SPRNT--while working on a related project.
The UW team has been exploring nanopore technology to read DNA sequences quickly. Our genes are long stretches of DNA molecules,
Gundlach and his team, in the process of investigating nanopore sequencing, tried out a variety of molecular motors to move DNA through the pore.
Gundlach and his team show that SPRNT is sensitive enough to differentiate between the mechanisms that two cellular proteins use to pass DNA through the nanopore opening.
Now researchers from the University of Zurich, Switzerland have made a breakthrough by obtaining the first nanometer (one billionth of a meter) resolved image of individual tobacco mosaic virions
"The virions are imaged with one nanometer resolution exhibiting details of the helical structure of the virus. Our technique would be the first non-destructive imaging tool for structural biology at the truly single molecule level."
Sufficient electron dose in low energy electron holography makes imaging individual biomolecules at a nanometer resolution possible.
the current nanometer resolution could be improved to angstrom (one ten billionth of a meter) or atomic resolution in the near future by improving the mechanical stability of the microscope."
"While by now single proteins have been imaged with nanometer resolution using the same technique, the researchers'next step is to image a single protein at atomic resolution--something that has never been done before e
the application of nanotubes and modification of the sample surfaces lead to the production of conductive fabrics with different electrical properties.
In the recent work published today in Nature Nanotechnology, the research group led by Prof at ICFO Frank Koppens has shown that a two-dimensional crystal,
which is just a few nanometers thick can have such high performance, "ICFO researcher Mathieu Massicotte and first author of this study states that"Everyone knew graphene could make ultrafast photodetectors,
"made of nanolayers of ferromagnetic material, superconductor and other metals. By changing the direction of magnetization it is possible to control the current in superconductor.
of particular interest are based nanocellulose materials. The work by Cranston, an assistant chemical engineering professor, and Zhitomirsky, a materials science and engineering professor, demonstrates an improved three-dimensional energy storage device constructed by trapping functional nanoparticles within the walls of a nanocellulose foam.
The foam is made in a simplified and fast one-step process. The type of nanocellulose used is called cellulose nanocrystals
and looks like uncooked long-grain rice but with nanometer-dimensions. In these new devices, the'rice grains'have been glued together at random points forming a mesh-like structure with lots of open space
hence the extremely lightweight nature of the material. This can be used to produce more sustainable capacitor devices with higher power density
They created a pattern of magnetic nanodots, each about half a micron across on a multilayered film where the magnetic moments are aligned normal to the plane.
they were able to find the first direct evidence of arrays of stable spiral magnetic skyrmions beneath the nanodots at room temperature,
and Peter Fischer, LBL and UC Santa cruz. Nanofabrication work and other characterizations were carried out in Liu's laboratory
reveal how a nanoscale, synthetic version of the precious gem can light up early-stage cancers in nontoxic, noninvasive Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
researchers from the University investigated how nanoscale diamonds could help identify cancers in their earliest stages."
"Professor Reilly's team turned its attention to hyperpolarising nanodiamonds, a process of aligning atoms inside a diamond so they create a signal detectable by an MRI SCANNER."
Chance effect of lab's fluorescent lights leads to discovery In contrast to using advanced nanofabrication facilities based on chemical processing of materials,
"In a way, the most exciting aspect of this work is that it should be applicable to a wide range of nanoscale materials such as complex oxides, graphene,
such as platinum-copper single atom alloy nanoparticles supported on an alumina substrate, and then tested them under industrial pressure and temperatures."
Using a combination of three-dimensional nanolithography and atomic layer deposition these ordered nanostructured material have reduced optical scattering
The researchers make the film by first using a nanolithography developed in Chang's lab to create highly-ordered pores in a polymer substrate.
creating a coating between two nanometers and 20 nanometers thick, "Zhang says.""Using zinc oxide in the same process,
"Six plus seven makes three-plus one carried over",calculated Professor Hermann Kohlstedt, Head of the Nanoelectronic group at Kiel University.
which was only a few nanometres (a millionth of a millimetre) thin to utilise quantum-mechanical effects for the flow through the storage cells."
#Production of Injectable Nanocomposite Paste in Iran Abstract: Iranian researchers from Materials and Energy Research center (MERC) succeeded in the production of a type of biocompatible nanocomposite with the ability to carry drugs,
which can be injected into damaged bones. After the completion of tests and being mass-produced, the product can be used in orthopedic surgeries to recover
In addition, the product is able to form hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to create chemical bonds with bone tissue in the body.
Dmitri Roditchev from the Superior School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry (ESPCI Paristech, Paris), Gerbold Ménard, Dr. Christophe Brun, Dr. Tristan Cren from the Institute of Nanosciences
"We have demonstrated that the use of two-dimensional superconductors instead of the three dimensional ones results in an increase in the spatial extension of YSR states for several dozen nanometres,
The main problem preventing the development of these computers is the high sensitivity of the nanoworld to external influences that destroy quantum states.
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