For small structures in particular (from 100 nanometres to 10 micrometres) no good solutions for this problem existed yet.
It is made from gelatin-based biomaterials reinforced with nanoparticles and seeded with cells, and it mimics the anatomical microenvironment of lymphoid tissue.
is a soft, nanocomposite biomaterial. The engineers reinforced the material with silicate nanoparticles to keep the structure from melting at the physiologically relevant temperature of 98.6 degrees.
The organ could lead to increased understanding of B cell functions, an area of study that typically relies on animal models to observe how the cells develop and mature.
used in targeted surgeries, precision manufacturing and in the exploration of materials at the nanoscale.
and nanodiamond materials composed of 1-100 million particles, with an end goal of mapping the electron pathways created by XFEL bursts.
what happens on a nanoscale, you have to follow it out to mesoscale. So its even more complicated at the APS,
#Researchers grind nanotubes to get nanoribbons (w/video) A simple way to turn carbon nanotubes into valuable graphene nanoribbons may be to grind them,
is to mix two types of chemically modified nanotubes. When they come into contact during grinding,
the new process is still a chemical reaction that depends on molecules purposely attached to the nanotubes, a process called functionalization.
The most interesting part to the researchers is that a process as simple as grinding could deliver strong chemical coupling between solid nanostructures
If we can use nanotubes as templates, functionalize them and get reactions under the right conditions,
what kinds of things can we make with a large number of possible nanostructures and chemical functional groups?
a graduate student at Rice and lead author of the paper. sing different functionalities in different nanoscale systems could revolutionize nanomaterials development,
The nanoribbons boost the materialselectronic properties and/or strength. ontrolling such structures by mechano-chemical transformation will be the key to find new applications,
In their tests, the researchers prepared two batches of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, one with carboxyl groups and the other with hydroxyl groups attached.
triggering the nanotubes to unzip into nanoribbons, with water as a byproduct. hat serendipitous observation will lead to further systematic studies of nanotubes reactions in solid state,
including ab initio theoretical models and simulations, Ajayan said. his is exciting. The experiments were duplicated by participating labs at Rice
The researchers who carried out the collaboration on three continents still don know precisely what happening at the nanoscale. t is an exothermic reaction,
so the energy enough to break up the nanotubes into ribbons, but the details of the dynamics are difficult to monitor,
Kabbani said. here no way we can grind two nanotubes in a microscope and watch it happen.
that you can control reactions by supporting the reactants on nanostructures, Ajayan said. hat wee done is very crude,
and Yeon Sik Jung of the Department of Materials science and engineering at KAIST has developed the first flexible PRAM enabled by self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) silica nanostructures with an ultralow current operation (below one quarter
BCP silica nanostructures successfully lowered the contact area by localizing the volume change of phase-change materials
"Low-power nonvolatile PRAM for flexible and wearable memories enabled by (a) self-assembled BCP silica nanostructures and (b) self-structured conductive filament nanoheater.
without using expensive and non-compatible nanolithography, achieved nanoscale switching volume of phase change materials, resulted in the PCM writing current of below 20 ua, the lowest value among top-down PCM devices.
This achievement was published in the June online issue of ACS Nano("Self-Structured Conductive Filament Nanoheater for Chalcogenide Phase transition".
"In addition, he wrote a review paper regarding the nanotechnology-based electronic devices in the June online issue of Advanced Materials entitled"Performance Enhancement of Electronic and Energy Devices via Block copolymer Self-Assembly
and have done extensive testing with layers ranging from 30 to 70 nanometers thick, says Erinn Dandley,
using nanolithography, because the dimensions of each ridge directly affect the structures stretchability. The taller each ridge is, the more stretchable the structure.
and Technology's (NIST) Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology has developed a method for measuring crystal vibrations in graphene.
The high purity graphene device was fabricated by NIST researcher Y. Zhao in the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab, a national user facility available to researchers from industry, academia and government t
"In essence, the surface of every material can act as its own nanomaterial coating that can greatly change its chemistry and behavior,
but typically provides information only about topology at nanoscale resolution. A highly promising new version of scanning electron microscopy, called"high-resolution scanning electron microscopy,
"Perhaps the first target for applying this new HRSEM surface analytic technique will be the study of surface structures on the facets of nanoparticles.
The surface structures of nanoparticle facets are extremely challenging to image in the plan view (seen from above) using electron microscopy,
since scanning probe techniques cannot usually address nanoparticle surfaces at atomic resolution, and surface X-ray diffraction requires large, single crystal surfaces."
and gather data about reactions that can be observed only as they are happening inside a battery("Probing Lithium Germanide Phase Evolution and Structural Change in a Germanium-in-Carbon nanotube Energy storage system").
Thanks to their mechanical properties, MOF thin films of a few hundred nanometers in thickness can be used for flexible solar cells or for the coating of clothing material or deformable components.
The findings are published June 19 in the journal Science("Long-lived photoinduced polaron formation in conjugated polyelectrolyte-fullerene assemblies".
"The scientists devised a new arrangement of solar cell ingredients, with bundles of polymer donors (green rods) and neatly organized fullerene acceptors (purple, tan.
In photosynthesis, plants that are exposed to sunlight use carefully organized nanoscale structures within their cells to rapidly separate charges pulling electrons away from the positively charged molecule that is left behind,
The two components that make the UCLA-developed system work are a polymer donor and a nanoscale fullerene acceptor.
The polymer donor absorbs sunlight and passes electrons to the fullerene acceptor; the process generates electrical energy.
The plastic materials, called organic photovoltaics, are organized typically like a plate of cooked pasta a disorganized mass of long, skinny polymer spaghetti with random fullerene meatballs.
Some fullerene meatballs are designed to sit inside the spaghetti bundles, but others are forced to stay on the outside.
The fullerenes inside the structure take electrons from the polymers and toss them to the outside fullerene
Synthetic nanocomposites can mimic the characteristic brick -and-mortar-like structure of nacre, but combinations of stiffness, strength, toughness and desirable optical properties have remained difficult to achieve.
In nature, nacre is made a nanocomposite of layers of inorganic microtablets laminated by different biopolymers that stabilize the architecture.
and tweak the nacre nanocomposite structure for possible mechanical and functional applications. Focusing on the laminating polymer phase,
the nanocomposite material self-assembled to form a film that possesses all relevant features like excellent transparency, structural periodicity, orientation, stiffness,
not only appealing as mechanically robust nanocomposites, but also for their multifunctional properties relevant to other applications:
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Down at the nanoscale, where objects span just billionths of a meter,
Building larger materials that retain subtle nanoscale features is an ongoing challenge that shapes countless emerging technologies.
"By quickly and independently controlling the nanoscale structure and the composition, we can tailor the performance of these materials.
The scientists synthesized the materials at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) and characterized the nanoscale architectures using electron microscopy at CFN
and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light Sourceoth DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
"Laser-assembled nanowires For the first step in grid construction, the team took advantage of their recent invention of laser zone annealing (LZA) to produce the extremely localized thermal spikes needed to drive ultra-fast self-assembly.
and aligns the rapidly forming nanoscale cylinders.""The end result is that in less than one second,
who leads the Electronic nanomaterials group at CFN.""This order persists over macroscopic areas and would be difficult to achieve with any other method."
and transforms them into functional nanowires. Layer-by-layer lattice The first completed nanowire array acts as the foundation of the full lattice.
Additional layers each one following variations on that same process, are stacked then to produce customized, crisscrossing configurationsike chain-link fences 10,000 times thinner than a human hair."
"The direction of the laser sweeping across each unassembled layer determines the orientation of the nanowire rows,
"For example, a single layer of platinum nanowires conducts electricity in only one direction, but a two-layer mesh conducts uniformly in all directions."
This versatility enables the use of a wide variety of materials in different nanoscale configurations."
and thus have a lot of freedom in fabricating multi-component nanostructures, "Yager said.""It's hard to anticipate all the technologies this rapid and versatile technique will allow. e
Researchers from the IBM Materials Integration and Nanoscale Devices group demonstrated a novel, robust and yet versatile approach for integrating III-V compound semiconductor crystals on silicon wafers a novel and an important step
The first paper was published last week in the journal Applied Physics Letters("Template-assisted selective epitaxy of III nanoscale devices for coplanar heterogeneous integration with Si")by lead
and selectively filled via epitaxy to create arbitrary shaped III-V semiconductors such as nanowires, cross junctions, nanostructures containing constrictions and 3d stacked nanowires.
Using this small seed area epitaxy, today at the VLSI Symposium in Kyoto, IBM scientist Lukas Czornomaz is presenting a solution for large scale and controlled integration of high quality Ingaas on bulk Silcon (Si)
five year investment to push the limits of silicon technology to 7 nanometers and below.
#Single-nanocatalyst water splitter produces clean-burning hydrogen 24/7 (Nanowerk News) Stanford university scientists have invented a low-cost water splitter that uses a single catalyst to produce both hydrogen
The device, described in a study published June 23 in Nature Communications("Bifunctional non-noble metal oxide nanoparticle electrocatalysts through lithium-induced conversion for overall water splitting"),could provide a renewable source of clean
Once the researchers designed these ntelligent insulin nanoparticles, they had to figure out a way to administer them to patients with diabetes.
Gu created these icroneedlesusing the same hyaluronic acid that was a chief ingredient of the nanoparticles,
#Nanostructure design enables pixels to produce two different colors (Nanowerk News) Through precise structural control,
So they set about designing a nanostructure architecture that could provide more bang for the buck. Having previously used plasmonic materials to generate color prints at the optical diffraction limit by carefully varying the nanostructure size and spacing
Goh and Yang trialed two aluminum nanostructures as pixel arrays: ellipses and two squares separated by a very small space (known as coupled nanosquare dimers.
Complex nanostructures, including circularly asymmetric shapes, offer many more options. By employing additional circular polarizations, we could encode multiple images that is,
#Biomanufacturing of Cds quantum dots A team of Lehigh University engineers have demonstrated a bacterial method for the low-cost, environmentally friendly synthesis of aqueous soluble quantum dot (QD) nanocrystals at room temperature.
scalable and green synthesis of Cds nanocrystals with extrinsic crystallite size control in the quantum confinement range.
The result is Cds semiconductor nanocrystals with associated size-dependent band gap and photoluminescent properties. This biosynthetic approach provides a viable pathway to realize the promise of green biomanufacturing of these materials.
#Nanoparticle'wrapper'delivers chemical that stops fatty buildup in rodent arteries In what may be a major leap forward in the quest for new treatments of the most common form of cardiovascular disease,
and reverse the progression of atherosclerosis in rodents by loading microscopic nanoparticles with a chemical that restores the animals'ability to properly handle cholesterol.
and track the nanoparticles'movement inside the animals'bodies by tagging them with a radioactive tracer that lit up on a CT SCAN.
Because the nanoparticles carrying D-PDMP are made of a common laxative ingredient and a naturally occurring sebacic acid,
#A novel scanning cavity microscope for nanosystems (Nanowerk News) Nanomaterials play an essential role in many areas of daily life.
when particle size falls to the range of a few ten nanometers where a single particle provides only a vanishingly small signal.
The possibility to study the optical properties of individual nanoparticles or macromolecules promises intriguing potential for many areas of biology, chemistry,
and nanoscience (Nature Communications,"A Scanning Cavity Microscope")."Intuitive illustration of the new method for imaging nanoparticles.
Graphic: MPQ, Laser spectroscopy Division) Spectroscopic measurements on large ensembles of nanoparticles suffer from the fact that individual differences in size, shape,
and molecular composition are washed out and only average quantities can be extracted. There is thus a large interest to develop single-particle-sensitive techniques.
one side of the resonator is made of a plane mirror that serves at the same time as a carrier for the nanoparticles under investigation.
For their first measurements, the scientists used gold spheres with a diameter of 40 nanometers.
By combining higher order modes, the scientists could even increase the resolution to around 800 nanometers.
In our experiment we use gold nanorods (34x25x25 nm) and we observe how the resonance frequency shifts depending on the orientation of the polarization.
from the characterization of nanomaterials and biological nanosystems to spectroscopy of quantum emitters s
#Sensors and drones: hi-tech sentinels for crops (Nanowerk News) Sensors and drones can be among the farmers'best friends,
A team led by Professor Debashis Chanda of UCF Nanoscience Technology Center and the College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL) has developed a technique for creating the world first full-color,
A thin liquid crystal layer is sandwiched over a metallic nanostructure shaped like a microscopic egg carton that absorbs some light wavelengths
which was reported recently in the Journal of Nanoparticle Research("Minimal geometric requirements for micropropulsion via magnetic rotation),
MEMS innovations Microchips Biotech made several innovations in the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing process to ensure the microchips could be commercialized.
#Nanogenerator harvests power from rolling tires A group of University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers and a collaborator from China have developed a nanogenerator that harvests energy from a car's rolling tire friction.
the nanogenerator ultimately could provide automobile manufacturers a new way to squeeze greater efficiency out of their vehicles.
which is the first of its kind, in a paper published May 6, 2015, in the journal Nano Energy("Single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator for scavenging friction energy from rolling tires").
The nanogenerator relies on the triboelectric effect to harness energy from the changing electric potential between the pavement and a vehicle's wheels.
Wang says the nanogenerator provides an excellent way to take advantage of energy that is usually lost due to friction."
"The nanogenerator relies on an electrode integrated into a segment of the tire. When this part of the tire surface comes into contact with the ground,
and then figure out their cumulative effect They suggested their technique could be used to calculate the effect for graphene in other more complex shapes, like wrinkled sheets or distorted fullerenes,
several of which they also analyzed. hile the dipole moment is zero for flat graphene or cylindrical nanotubes,
#Chitosan coated, chemotherapy packed nanoparticles may target cancer stem cells (Nanowerk News) Nanoparticles packed with a clinically used chemotherapy drug
This laboratory and animal study showed that nanoparticles coated with the oligosaccharide called chitosan and encapsulating the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin can target
The study is reported in the journal ACS Nano("Chitosan-Decorated Doxorubicin-Encapsulated Nanoparticle Targets and Eliminates Tumor Reinitiating Cancer Stem-like Cells").
""Our findings indicate that this nanoparticle delivery system increases the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin with no evidence of systemic toxic side effects in our animal model,
"We believe that chitosan-decorated nanoparticles could also encapsulate other types of chemotherapy and be used to treat many types of cancer."
enabling the nanoparticles to target the malignant stem-like cells in a tumor. The nanoparticles were engineered to shrink,
break open, and release the anticancer drug under the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment and in tumor-cell endosomes and lysosomes,
although the drug-carrying nanoparticles could bind to the variant CD44 receptors on cancerous mammosphere cells,
#Discovery of nanotubes offers new clues about cell-to-cell communication When it comes to communicating with each other,
Certain types of stem cells use microscopic, threadlike nanotubes to communicate with neighboring cells, like a landline phone connection, rather than sending a broadcast signal,
"The nanotubes had actually been hiding in plain sight. The investigation began when a postdoctoral researcher in Yamashita's lab,
Until the discovery of the nanotubes, scientists had been puzzled as to how cellular signals guiding identity could act on one of the cells
The researchers conducted experiments that showed disruption of nanotube formation compromised the ability of the germ line stem cells to renew themselves s
Nanoparticles would then make it possible to measure with nanometre accuracy, i e. on the scale of viruses. The maximum length of the sensor fibre is currently around 400 metres,
and lecturer at the MIPT Section of the Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures (DMCP). American colleagues confirmed this prediction in related experiments."
The first results achieved using"scanning quantum dot microscopy"have been published in the current issue of Physical Review Letters("Scanning Quantum dot Microscopy".
A single silver atom on a silver substrate (Ag (111)) under the scanning quantum dot microscope.
Forschungszentrum Jlich)" Our method is the first to image electric fields near the surface of a sample quantitatively with atomic precision on the subnanometre scale,
Such electric fields surround all nanostructures like an aura. Their properties provide information, for instance, on the distribution of charges in atoms or molecules.
depending on the local electric potential field of a nanostructure on the surface of a sample,
the scientists in Jlich attached a single molecule as a quantum dot to the tip of the microscope.
Quantum dots are tiny structures, measuring no more than a few nanometres across, which due to quantum confinement can only assume certain,
the first is the field of a nanostructure being measured, and the second is a field surrounding the tip of the microscope,
The scanning quantum dot micrograph of a PTCDA molecule reveals the negative partial charges at the ends of the molecule as well as the positive partial charges in the centre.
"In contrast to many other forms of scanning probe microscopy, scanning quantum dot microscopy can even work at a distance of several nanometres.
In the nanoworld, this is quite a considerable distance, "says Christian Wagner. Until now, the technique developed in Jlich has only been applied in high vacuum and at low temperatures:
one example would be made quantum dots of nanocrystals like those already being used in fundamental research h
Published in Nanomedicine("New approach to develop ultra-high inhibitory drug using the power function of the stoichiometry of the targeted nanomachine or biocomplex),
The study was led by Peixuan Guo, director of UK's Nanobiotechnology Center and one of the top nanobiotechnology experts in the world.
Guo focuses much of his work on the use of ribonucleic acid (RNA) nanoparticles and a viral nanomotor to fight cancer
He is well-known for his pioneering work of constructing RNA nanoparticles as drug carriers u
#Nanotechnology transforms cotton fibers into modern marvel (Nanowerk News) Juan Hinestroza and his students live in a cotton-soft nano world,
who directs the Textiles Nanotechnology Laboratory at Cornell. In a nanoscale world and that is our world we can control cellulose-based materials one atom at a time.
The Hinestroza group has turned cotton fibers into electronic components such as transistors and thermistors so instead of adding electronics to fabrics,
Taking advantage of cottons irregular topography, Hinestroza and his students added conformal coatings of gold nanoparticles,
Synthesizing nanoparticles and attaching them to cotton not only creates color on fiber surfaces without the use of dyes,
can be manipulated at the nano level to build nanoscale cages that are the exact same size as the gas they are trying to capture.
#The influence of surface structure on nanoparticle shape control (Nanowerk News) Peng Zhang, a professor with Dalhousies Department of chemistry,
leads a nanoscience research team of undergraduate and graduate students. Published this week in Nature Communications("The surface structure of silver-coated gold nanocrystals and its influence on shape control"),Zhangs teams report on the discovery of a new methodology to study nanoparticle structures.
Dr. Zhang and his Phd student Daniel Padmos examined gold and silver nanoparticles two very important materials, particularly in the future of biomedicine.
At this size, gold and silver look and behave much differently than they do used when theyre to make rings and necklaces.
On the other hand, nanosilver could have potential applications in fighting bacterial diseases. Uncovering shape The shape of the surface of nanoparticles is key,
because different shapes lead to different properties and different properties lead to different behaviours. To better understand the potential applications of nanogold and nanosilver in the long run
scientists must first know much more about their surface structure. But, matter on the nanoscale is challenging to observe.
These nanoparticles are very difficult to study, explains Dr. Zhang, pointing out that ordinary techniques like electron microscopes dont provide the amount of detail necessary to understand whats happening on the surface of nanomaterials.
We used some pretty powerful techniques to uncover this surface structure for the first time, said Dr. Zhang.
Dr. Zhang, Padmos and their collaborators from Northwestern University and University of California, Riverside combined a powerful x-ray from a mile-sized synchrotron facility with computer modelling based on density functional theory.
the team was able to comprehensively study the surface of a nanoparticle. In their nanomaterial system composed primarily of gold, silver and chloride,
they even discovered more about how chloride interacts with nanogold and nanosilver, keeping them stable.
Its a little like cooking, explains Dr. Zhang. You throw in a bunch of ingredients, but you need to know how they go together.
but we didnt know how it stays on the surface of nanogold and nanosilver. Our team found out how, at the atomic level.
One step closer The Dal research teams methodology can now be used to study other nanomaterials further expanding the knowledge in nanoscience research
and designing the building blocks for groundbreaking discoveries in biomedical applications. This experience invigorates my interest in this type of research,
In the future, he plans to build upon this research to develop new functional nanomaterial systems and test their biomedical potential l
#Environmentally friendly lignin nanoparticle'greens'silver nanobullet to battle bacteria North carolina State university researchers have developed an effective
and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,
greener and safer nanotechnology and could lead to enhanced efficiency of antimicrobial products used in agriculture and personal care.
In a study published in Nature Nanotechnology("An environmentally benign antimicrobial nanoparticle based on a silver-infused lignin core),
"NC State engineer Orlin Velev and colleagues show that silver-ion infused lignin nanoparticles, which are coated with a charged polymer layer that helps them adhere to the target microbes,
As the nanoparticles wipe out the targeted bacteria, they become depleted of silver. The remaining particles degrade easily after disposal because of their biocompatible lignin core,
People have been interested in using silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes, but there are lingering concerns about their environmental impact due to the long-term effects of the used metal nanoparticles released in the environment,
said Velev, INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the papers corresponding author.
The researchers used the nanoparticles to attack E coli a bacterium that causes food poisoning; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common disease-causing bacterium;
The nanoparticles were effective against all the bacteria. The method allows researchers the flexibility to change the nanoparticle recipe in order to target specific microbes.
Alexander Richter, the papers first author and an NC State Ph d. candidate who won a 2015 Lemelson-MIT prize,
#Nanoscale light-emitting device has big profile University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have created a nanoscale device that can emit light as powerfully as an object 10,000 times its size.
In a paper published July 10 in the journal Physical Review Letters("Extraordinarily large optical cross section for localized single nanoresonator"),Zongfu Yu, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering,
and his collaborators describe a nanoscale device that drastically surpasses previous technology in its ability to scatter light.
They showed how a single nanoresonator can manipulate light to cast a very large"reflection."
"The nanoresonator's capacity to absorb and emit light energy is such that it can make itself--and, in applications,
Given the nanoresonator's capacity to absorb large amounts of light energy, the technology also has potential in applications that harvest the sun's energy with high efficiency.
Because the nanoresonator has a large optical cross-section--that is, an ability to emit light that dramatically exceeds its physical size--it can shed a lot of heat energy,
The device is composed of a film of organic molecules 100 nanometres thick, confined between two nearly perfect mirrors.
The device is composed of a film of organic molecules 100 nanometres thick confined between two nearly perfect mirrors.
that uses gold nanoparticles and paper has been devised by researchers from the A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology("Trapping cells in paper for white blood cell count").
Hong Wu and Jackie Y. Ying from the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology in Singapore have developed a compact,
The technique employs gold nanoparticles coated with an antibody that interacts with white blood cells. The antibody causes the nanoparticles to attach themselves to white blood cells in a blood sample,
which can be obtained by simply pricking a finger. The blood sample is filtered passively through a small test paper.
A dark spot then forms on the paper surface due to the gold nanoparticles on the white blood cells.
such as sickle-cell detection and platelet count, explains Ying. e are also planning to measure different types of white blood cells by introducing gold nanoparticles coated with different antibodies. a
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