The process generates an extremely high particle concentration, enabling a high production speed but with low gas consumption.
and changing the air to a different gas could enable even lower operation powers. An advantage of this"one-color"approach to generating terahertz radiation is the fact that the terahertz waves propagate in a different direction to the laser beam.
but with different materials, it starts with a powdery precursor, forms a gas and sprinkles single atoms onto a substrate, one layer at a time.
"Nitric oxide is formed a gas from arginine that relaxes blood vessels and lowers arterial blood pressure. The destruction of arginine by arginase reduces nitric oxide levels, leading to the constriction of blood vessels and high blood pressure."
production of methane emissions and odors) make necessary to search for other waste management routes. It is highlighted the thermal treatment through pyrolysis for large scale production of biochar
#Sensor detects spoilage of food VTT has developed a sensor that detects ethanol in the headspace of a food package.
Ethanol is formed as a result of food spoilage. The sensor signal is wirelessly readable, for instance, by a mobile phone.
The sensor monitors ethanol emitted from the spoilage of foods into the headspace of a package.
Ethanol, in addition to carbon dioxide, was found to be the main volatile spoilage metabolite in fresh-cut fruit.
This ethanol sensor can have potential in other applications, such as in alcometers. The sensor layer is part of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag,
A similar optical readout based on the colour change of the ethanol sensor was developed also for a smartphone.
"Another interesting case is gas phase samples, "Li says.""Due to the almost 1, 000-fold shorter wavelength of electrons compared to X-rays,
Synthesis of graphene via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of methane gas onto a copper substrate is the most common way of producing the quantity
genetic changes that contributed to large epidemics of group A streptococcus (GAS).""These findings now give us the opportunity to begin to develop new translational medicine tools
"According to the World health organization, GAS causes more than 600 million cases of human disease every year. The majority of cases are group A streptococcus pharyngitis, more commonly known as strep throat.
was that changes in the genetic make-up of the GAS pathogen had underpinned new epidemics. To address this hypothesis
the researchers found they could ionize the gas into a plasma that glowed a soft blue light."
and the water in the hydrochloric acid solution started to break down into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
At first the researchers believed that the drop might be resting on a cushion of hydrogen gas from the breakup of water
farming and even oil and gas exploration are highly vulnerable to wear and tear, Erdemir said. His new technology could help preserve all this equipment."
investigates the synthesis of valuable organic molecules directly from calcium carbide, without separation and storage of acetylene gas.
storing, and handling of acetylene gas. The developed process gives a vivid example of successful replacement of dangerous and difficult to handle acetylene gas by a simple and inexpensive calcium carbide.
oil and gas pipelines and nuclear plants has been developed by researchers at the University of Strathclyde with inspiration from the natural world.
If there are defects in a nuclear plant or an oil pipeline, we would be able to detect cracks that have a range of sizes
pockets of water vapor or gas accumulate in them by underwater evaporation or effervescence, just like a drop of water evaporates without having to boil it.
These gas pockets deflect water, keeping the surface dry, "he said. In a study published today (Aug 18) by the journal Scientific Reports,
where dissolved gas was removed from the ambient liquid, and they also remained dry.""It was amazing and
allowing gas to be retained between the hairs.""These gas-retaining insects have surface properties consistent with our predictions,
allowing them to stay dry for a long time, "said Paul R. Jones, the study's first author.
#Artificial leaf harnesses sunlight for efficient fuel production Generating and storing renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean energy economy.
a cost-effective method of producing fuels using only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, mimicking the natural process of photosynthesis in plants
and storing energy in the form of chemical fuels for use on demand. Over the past five years, researchers at JCAP have made major advances toward this goal,
safe, integrated solar-driven system for splitting water to create hydrogen fuels.""This result was a stretch project milestone for the entire five years of JCAP as a whole,
generating protons and electrons as well as oxygen gas. The photocathode recombines the protons and electrons to form hydrogen gas.
A key part of the JCAP design is the plastic membrane, which keeps the oxygen and hydrogen gases separate.
the membrane lets the hydrogen fuel be collected separately under pressure and safely pushed into a pipeline.
so cannot be used to directly generate fuel. A major advance that allowed the integrated system to be developed was previous work in Lewis's laboratory,
Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production. The photoanode requires a catalyst to drive the essential water-splitting reaction.
converts 10 percent of the energy in sunlight into stored energy in the chemical fuel,
"Our work shows that it is indeed possible to produce fuels from sunlight safely and efficiently in an integrated system with inexpensive components,
in which the liquid partially floats on a layer of air or gas, and Wenzel, in which the droplets are in full contact with the surface,
Uranium plays an important role in the search for alternative energies to fossil fuels; however, uranium resources on land are limited.
which exhibit a spontaneous, partial reappearance of the trapped gas phase upon liquid depressurization. This phenomenon appears to be influenced by the kinetics of gas-liquid exchange.
These results have profound implications for the understanding and the design of nanosized multiphase (liquid/vapor) systems, including more effective superhydrophobic coatings.
#Artificial'plants'could fuel the future Imagine creating artificial plants that make gasoline and natural gas using only sunlight.
And imagine using those fuels to heat our homes or run our cars without adding any greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
Peidong Yang, a professor of chemistry at Berkeley and co-director of the school's Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, leads a team that has created an artificial leaf that produces methane, the primary component of natural gas
that yielded butanol, a component in gasoline, and a variety of biochemical building blocks. The research is a major advance toward synthetic photosynthesis,
however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure.
"Burning fossil fuels is putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere much faster than natural photosynthesis can take it out.
#Artificial'plants'could fuel the future The developer of a new technology that turns sunlight into liquid fuel,
Imagine creating artificial plants that make gasoline and natural gas using only sunlight. And imagine using those fuels to heat our homes
or run our cars without adding any greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California,
Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction. Peidong Yang a professor of chemistry at Berkeley and co-director of the school's Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, leads a team that has created an artificial leaf that produces methane,
the primary component of natural gas, using a combination of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria. The research, detailed in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in August, builds on a similar hybrid system, also recently devised by Yang and his colleagues,
that yielded butanol, a component in gasoline, and a variety of biochemical building blocks. The research is a major advance toward synthetic photosynthesis
a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure.
"Burning fossil fuels is putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere much faster than natural photosynthesis can take it out.
It is believed this new process will have significant environmental benefits by improving the yield of biodiesel in a sustainable way that doesn't require the use of additional fossil fuels
By 2020, the EU aims to have 10 per cent of the transport fuel of every EU country come from renewable sources such as biofuels.
Fuel suppliers are required also to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the EU fuel mix by 6 per cent by 2020 in comparison to 2010.
At present, biodiesel is produced by combining fats and oils with methanol, which is derived usually from fossil fuels.
A waste product from this process is crude glycerol which is formed on a large scale and contains many impurities that make it costly to purify
"Biodiesel manufacture is a growing part of the EU fuel pool, with statutory amounts being required to be added to diesel that is derived from fossil fuels."
"We've provided unprecedented chemistry that highlights the potential to manufacture biodiesel in a much more environmentally friendly,
and seriously improve the quality of life by reducing carbon emissions from fossil fuels and encourage efficient use of resources."
'First anti-fraud system to use existing credit card readers From large-scale data breaches such as the 2013 Target case to local schemes that use skimming devices to steal data at the gas pump,
shows considerable protection against malaria when displayed on Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles. A vaccine based on this motif could confer protection against all malaria parasites.
Shiladitya Dassarma's laboratory at the University of Maryland School of medicine, Baltimore, USA, who has developed Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPS.
#Energy-efficient reaction drives biofuel conversion technology A new study from the Department of energy's Oak ridge National Laboratory explains the mechanism behind a technology that converts bio-based ethanol into hydrocarbon blend
-stocks for use as fossil fuel alternatives. Scientists have experimented for decades with a class of catalysts known as zeolites that transform alcohols such as ethanol into higher-grade hydrocarbons.
As ORNL researchers were developing a new type of zeolite-based conversion technology, they found the underlying reaction unfolds in a different manner than previously thought."
"For 40 years, everyone thought that these reactions must go first from ethanol to ethylene,
"It has been assumed that you must go from ethanol to ethylene, which is endothermic and requires energy.
"Our method of direct conversion of ethanol offers a pathway to produce suitable hydrocarbon blend-stock that may be blended at a refinery to yield fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel or commodity chemicals,
With a few key changes, the researchers used a noninvasive ultrasonic technique originally developed to detect microscopic flaws in solid fuel rockets, such as space shuttle boosters,
#Saltwater lamp could replace dangerous kerosene lights The majority of inhabitants on the Philippines7000 islands do not have access to electricity.
Instead, they rely primarily on kerosene powered lamps to provide light sources at night, which are not only hazards and pollutants,
SALT IS the latest of a number of devices which could help lessen the reliance on kerosene power in disconnected regions.
in order to reduce fuel consumption. For most car designers this principally means body parts but the powertrain system,
and resistant to oil, gasoline and glycol in the cooling water. It must also demonstrate good adherence to the metal inserts
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that mimics
and oil industry in that we can produce chemicals and fuels in a totally renewable way, rather than extracting them from deep below the ground.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is now at its highest level in at least three million years, primarily as a result of the burning of fossil fuels.
Yet fossil fuels, especially coal, will remain a significant source of energy to meet human needs for the foreseeable future.
a fuel comparable to gasoline, 25-percent for amorphadiene, a precursor to the antimaleria drug artemisinin,
which are the basic charges to make the building blocks of ionic devices such as to name only a few can be, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, batteries, gas sensors,
plastics and fuel products. he basic idea is that we want to accelerate evolution to make awesome amounts of valuable chemicals,
The scientists coat gold nanoparticles of a few thousand atoms each with an oil-like organic molecule that holds the gold particles together.
#A new look at superfluidity MIT physicists have created a superfluid gas, the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate, for the first time in an extremely high magnetic field.
Within this magnetic field, the researchers could keep a gas superfluid for a tenth of a second just long enough for the team to observe it.
In the end, the researchers were able to keep the superfluid gas stable for a tenth of a second.
Alexanderalus via Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3. 0in this process scientists start with methane, which adsorbs to the germanium surface
when they were exploring dramatically slowing the growth rate of the graphene crystals by decreasing the amount of methane in the chemical vapour deposition chamber.
Cassie, in which the liquid partially floats on a layer of air or gas, and Wenzel, in which the droplets are in full contact with the surface,
which are made often from petrochemicals, cellulose is derived from wood, a renewable resource supporting the mission of the College of Natural resources
#afepay First anti-fraud system to use existing credit card readers From large-scale data breaches such as the 2013 Target case to local schemes that use skimming devices to steal data at the gas pump,
Finding new and more efficient solutions to energy harvesting, nanoporous membranes for water desalinization, solar thermal fuels and more.
or oil flow in pipelines. Climate change/Environmental sciences: Modeling atmospheric aerosols, identified as influencing the chemical composition
Smith said that most of the revenue from sales of Madidrop initially will be fed back into the company to fuel production expansion.
Most atmospheric carbon dioxide is produced from fossil fuel combustion, a waste known as flue gas. But converting the carbon dioxide into a harmless compound requires a durable
Flue gas would be passed through the solvent, with the carbonic anhydrase converting the carbon dioxide into bicarbonate.
and utilize them to pull carbon dioxide out of flue gas, he said t
#Bioengineers cut in half time needed to make high-tech flexible sensors Bioengineers at the University of California,
say, clean up oil spills or even make cheese. During a January phone conference with reporters Church declared that e are aiming at modifying plant and animal cells,
Schultz thinks there will be medical uses of synthetic organisms long before they are released into the environment to eat oil
"At speeds above about 5 miles per hour, the Model S gracefully shuts off its engineust like shifting a gasoline car into neutralhile still providing the driver full control over steering
or running air conditioning could be assisted by energy from fuel normally wasted as heat emissions One of the less well-known properties of graphene could enable the carbonaceous wonder-material to help combustion engine vehicles to make better use of the energy from their fuel by converting waste heat into electricity
Thermoelectric graphene composite, with graphene fragments ringed in the 2 m-scale image Internal combustion engines lose about 70 per cent of the energy from their fuel as heat,
which could improve the fuel economy of vehicles o
#Tilted nanomagnets open door for advances in computing The research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
including water, oil, and biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. According to the researchers, all liquids were repelled,
where fouling can create drag leading to increased fuel consumption n
#Electric compressor could double output of hydrogen fuel cells Fuel cells require a constant source of oxygen to sustain the chemical reaction that they use to release positively charged hydrogen ions.
Supplying the hydrogen at high pressure is not generally a problem, but the flow of air can be a limiting factor. ur proprietary high speed motor
harvesting the hydrogen to be used as clean fuel. Sun-capturing electrodes are designed to absorb as much of the solar spectrum as possible to maximise efficiency.
with the hydrogen siphoned off to be used as fuel. The researchers hope that their work on the new electrode may act as a building block for other scientists working in the same area. ur study will encourage researchers in the field to develop ways to improve multiple processes using a single treatment,
but will cut fuel usage and emissions as well. lot of emissions and fuel usage are caused by acceleration,
and our system will allow the cars to make a much more constant speed, he says,
such as those transporting people between hospitals, cutting NHS fuel costs and improving patient care. So far, 20 traffic lights are using the system in Newcastle city centre.
But the fossil fuel industry is far from abandoning its own interest in British waters as the energy giant BP has announced that it is to invest about £670m to extend the life of its North sea assets.
Last year, the Convention executive secretary, Christiana Figueres, said the world long-term goal was to reduce greenhouse gases to zero by 2100#a target she said would require leaving three-quarters of fossil fuels in the ground. e just can afford to burn them she said a
and petroleum industries and is capable of sucking mercury out of both soil and water. The dark red polymer material is made using limonene,
The petroleum industry creates about 70 million tons of sulphur every year and the citrus industry produces 70,000 tons of limonene.
The company raised $5. 8 million back in October 2014 in order to fuel production c
#EU annual scorecard paints bleak picture of innovation efforts across Europe Whatever Europe plans to do to reboot its innovation economy,
In the same way that gas must be in the fuel tank in order to power the car's engine proteins need to be in a specific compartment to properly exercise their functions.
#Carbonate rocks are unrecognized methane sink Since the first undersea methane seep was discovered 30 years ago scientists have analyzed meticulously
and measured how microbes in the seafloor sediments consume the greenhouse gas methane as part of understanding how the Earth works.
The sediment-based microbes form an important methane sink preventing much of the chemical from reaching the atmosphere
and contributing to greenhouse gas accumulation. As a byproduct of this process the microbes create a type of rock known as authigenic carbonate
which while interesting to scientists was thought not to be involved in the processing of methane. That is no longer the case.
A team of scientists has discovered that these authigenic carbonate rocks also contain vast amounts of active microbes that take up methane.
This goes to show how the global methane process is still rather poorly understood Thurber added.
Methane-derived carbonates represent a large volume within many seep systems and finding active methane-consuming archaea and bacteria in the interior of these carbonate rocks extends the known habitat for methane-consuming microorganisms beyond the relatively thin layer of sediment that may overlay a carbonate mound said Marlow
a geobiology graduate student in the lab of Victoria Orphan of Caltech. These assemblages are also found in the Gulf of mexico as well as off Chile New zealand Africa Europe
because the rock-based microbes potentially may consume a huge amount of methane. The microbes were less active than those found in the sediment
Studies have found that approximately 3-6 percent of the methane in the atmosphere is from marine sources
--and this number is so low due to microbes in the ocean sediments consuming some 60-90 percent of the methane that would otherwise escape.
Now those ratios will have to be reexamined to determine how much of the methane sink can be attributed to microbes in rocks versus those in sediments.
We found that these carbonate rocks located in areas of active methane seeps are themselves more active Thurber said.
when methane becomes available. In some ways these rocks are like armies waiting in the wings to be needed called upon
when to absorb methane. The ocean contains vast amounts of methane which has long been a concern to scientists.
Marine reservoirs of methane are estimated to total more than 455 gigatons and may be as much as 10000 gigatons carbon in methane.
A gigaton is approximate 1. 1 billion tons. By contrast all of the planet's gas and oil deposits are thought to total about 200-300 gigatons of carbon.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Oregon State university y
#Tool enhances social inclusion for people with autism The University of Alicante has developed together with centres in the UK Spain
and Bulgaria a tool designed to assist people with autism spectrum disorders by adapting written documents into a format that is easier for them to read
Androgens the male hormones that fuel prostate cancer increase the copper accumulation in the cancer cells.
and oil production also wields control of cellular growth--and tumor growth--in humans. Christoph Benning MSU professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and his colleagues unearthed the protein's potential
versus producing oil. When algae are awake they grow; when they're asleep they produce oil.
Producing oil is part of the cells'survival strategy when it's under stress said Chia-Hong Tsai doctoral candidate with MSU's Department of energy Plant Research Laboratory
and Department of Plant Biology and co-author. They go into quiescence to conserve energy and nutrients.
and produce oil simultaneously. The secret for making this happen was CHT7--the gatekeeper that cues cells to wake up
and gives scientists a way to potentially produce high amounts of oil and biomass. In terms of human medicine this discovery gives scientists a promising new model to study tumor suppression and growth.
but is visible from the gas around it. The gas is being acted upon by the black hole's very strong gravitational field.
The wavelengths that make Sagittarius A*visible are scattered by interstellar gas along the line of sight in the same way that light is scattered by fog On earth.
This will be important for future research on the gas near this black hole. This work is a good example of the synergy between different modern research infrastructures technologies and science ideas.
In the atmosphere the electrons ionize gas molecules leading to the production of ozone-depleting catalyst gases.
#Unique catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells synthesized in ordinary kitchen microwave oven Swedish and Chinese researchers show how a unique nano-alloy composed of palladium nano-islands embedded in tungsten nanoparticles creates a new type of catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction the most important reaction in hydrogen fuel cells.
Their results are published in the scientific journal Nature Communications. The world's rapidly growing demand for energy and the requirement of sustainable energy production calls for an urgent change in today's fossil fuel based energy system.
Research groups worldwide work intensively to develop novel advanced energy conversion and storage systems with high efficiency low cost and environmental compatibility.
Traditional fuel cells are limited however by the need of efficient catalysts to drive the chemical reactions involved in the fuel cell.
The anchoring keep the nanoparticles stable over long time by hindering them from fusing together in the fuel cell tests.
If we were not using argon as protective inert gas it would be fully possible to synthesize this advanced catalyst in my own kitchen!
which is on par with the time needed to pump petrol for current cars added Prof Chen.
The authors consider wind solar hydraulic nuclear coal and gas as potential energy sources. In their model the energy demand and availability are cast as random variables.
Bacteria decompose the mixture and produce among others the energy-rich gas of methane. It is used then for the gas stoves in the kitchen of the hospital.
Via a pipeline system the gas is passed directly on to the gas stoves of the neighboring houses.
The liquid layer on the surface provides a barrier to everything from ice to crude oil and blood.
These grassland fields can also produce ample biomass for renewable fuels. Monica Turner UW-Madison professor of zoology and study lead author Peter Blank a postdoctoral researcher in her lab hope the findings help drive decisions that benefit both birds
biocompatible fluid based on medicinal white oil is used in place of the wire cable. To control the attached instruments and orient the tip of the endoscope,
In addition, they asked the participants what kind of frying fat/oils they usually used at home, with the possible responses as follows:
Frying deteriorates oils through the processes of oxidation and hydrogenation, leading to an increase in the absorption of oil degradation products by the foods being fried,
and also a loss of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids and an increase in the corresponding trans fatty acids such as trans-linoleic acids and trans-linolenic acids."
"Deterioration of oils during frying is more profound when the oils are reused, a practice more common away from home than at home.
This may partly explain why we observed a stronger association of GDM risk with fried foods consumed away from home than fried foods consumed at home."
and beclomethasone dipropionate (BP), a corticosteroid commonly used to inhibit inflammatory responses. The novelty of this formulation lies in the combination of the two drugs.
The inhalation of BP is known to be an effective treatment for patients with non-asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction.
and BP as an inhalable dry powder formulation for direct concomitant delivery to the lungs.
The researchers employed a state-of-the-art spray drier to prepare the CIP-BP dry powder and ensure uniformity,
They characterized the CIP-BP dry powder using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and showed that the majority of particles had a diameter of approximately 2. 36 micrometers--small enough to be breathed in.
broad peak, suggesting that the CIP-BP dry powder is highly amorphous.""What's important is that the CIP-BP dry powder exhibits superior aerosol performance
and excellent antimicrobial activities,"explains Heng.""Our follow-up microbial assays show that a concentration as low as one microgram per milliliter is enough to inhibit three of the bacteria known to cause this type of pneumonia.""
""We found that it is feasible to package the CIP-BP dry powder in an inhaler that can treat bacterial infections associated with community-acquired pneumonia,
The delivery of CIP and BP via dry powder inhalers may become a novel and useful strategy for treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia a
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