controlling what food is eaten and when, modifying physical activity, and the use of pumps or injections to deliver insulin
and regulating sugar levels in the blood. Every 5 minutes, a signal is sent wirelessly from a glucose monitor under the user s skin to an iphone app,
Before eating, people can input data about the type and size of their meal. The artificial pancreas performed well in#hospital-based clinical trials in 2010.
including eat in restaurants and go to the gym. Thirty-two young people, aged 12 to 20,
Both the highs and lows of sugar levels were controlled better than what the participants were able to do managing their own diabetes prior to the trial,
and ate a banana for breakfast without fear of not enough time having passed between insulin injection
and next year will lay the path for the device to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration With any luck,
Nearly all the students in his middle school are eligible for free or reduced school lunches. Higuera s been trialling Classcraft for the past 4 months
and helps regulate the body response to sugars process that goes awry in type 2 diabetes.
and ones made obese by an unhealthy diet. Liu and his team developed the new compound using a novel method called DNA-templated synthesis. This involves linking thousands of different chemical structures to thousands of unique DNA strands,
and be fresher and higher in nutrients than farm-grown vegetables. Toshiba will sell their produce to grocery stores
restaurants and convenience stores, focusing on cities where urban growth often prevents fresh vegetables from being readily available.
It certainly a good solution to providing nutrition in urban areas where fresh pesticide free produce is almost nonexistent
Some doctors bristle at the fact that many patients now shop for physicians in the same way they shop for restaurants and plumbers:
If you had a restaurant and wanted to start selling takeout on the Web, you had to either buy a product that was compatible with your accounting software or basically run two sets of books.
The HCPVT system uses a large parabolic dish, made from a multitude of mirror facets, which is attached to a tracking system that determines the best angle based on the position of the sun. Such system can be applied profitably in sunny regions where sustainable energy,
And this is Airhelp secret sauce every time the company goes through the compensation process it takes a 25 percent cut.
Sensors, Food, Automation and Engineering. Sensors help agriculture by enabling real-time traceability and diagnosis of crop, livestock and farm machine states.
Food may benefit directly from genetic tailoring and potentially from producing meat directly in a lab. Automation will help agriculture via large-scale robotic
Food Genetically designed food: The creation of entirely new strains of food animals and plants in order to better address biological and physiological needs.
A departure from genetically modified food, genetically designed food would be engineered from the ground up. Scientifically viable in 2016;
food and water in order to support life-forms inhabiting the system. Such systems already exist in small scales,
produce energy, provide food, and maintain and enhance human health and our environment. Scientifically viable in 2013;
including year-round crop production, protection from weather, support urban food autonomy and reduced transport costs. Scientifically viable in 2023;
#$150 smartphone spectrometer can tell the number of calories in your food If you wanted to look up the calorie content of a specific food you are eating you could take it to a lab and run it through a spectrometer.
But accurate spectrometers are huge, expensive machines that are owned often only by institutions and require training to use.
Consumer Physics has developed three different applications for identifying food, medicines, and plants. During a short demo,
I saw the module return the percentage of fat and number of calories per 100 grams of cheese.
if a drink has been spiked with drugs. However, you might have to pay, especially for specific professional use-cases.
a large vending machine that sells a variety of items like toiletries, groceries like milk and eggs, kitchen items, pet food, and more.
or deliver food and medical supplies to disaster areas. As the science advances, it becoming increasingly possible to dispatch robots into war zones alongside or instead of human soldiers.
A gelatin-based ink acts as extracellular matrixhe structural mix of proteins and other biological molecules that surrounds cells in the body.
Two other inks contained the gelatin material and either mouse or human skin cells. All these inks are viscous enough to maintain their structure after being laid down by the printer.
which is much larger than the tiny capillaries that exchange nutrients and waste throughout the body.
when driving a car, cycling, eating with Chinese sticks or playing sports or instruments, he explains. n contrast,
Reaping the Benefits of Cover crops (Op-Ed) Margaret Mellon is a senior scientist for food and the environment at the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS.
Unfortunately about half of the world's food is consumed never due to inefficiencies in the harvesting storage and delivery of crops.
Even in developed nations about 30 percent of purchased food ends up going to waste and supply-chain inefficiencies only exacerbate the problem.
and to generate enough food to meet the ever-growing demands of a growing global population today's
and more food makes it to the dinner table. The development and use of those predictive analytics based techniques and technologies is limited not to mega-farms.
which routes and methods will be fastest to transport harvested food. That is especially critical in countries like Brazil where many of the roads are unpaved
From an animal's isotope levels scientists can partially reconstruct its diet and place in the food web.
Op-Ed) Josh Balk is food policy director at The Humane Society of the United states (HSUS.
After long focusing on fuel economy and energy production environmentalists and scientists are now promoting a diet of more plants and less meat to slow climate change but why?
The animals eat this food for months sometimes even years before being slaughtered they are the world's most under-recognized middle men.
Raising animals for food also includes feed-crop production which requires extensive water energy and chemical use as well as energy for transporting that feed live animals and animal products.
The total process for bringing such vast quantities of meat egg and dairy products to our plates comes at a substantial cost to the environment.
As a result of animal agriculture's impact on climate change organizations like the Natural resources Defense Council and the Sierra Club support eating more plant-based meals.
A Carnegie mellon University study found that eating plant-based meals even just one day a week reduces more greenhouse gases than eating exclusively local foods every day (a practice some people admirably
though mistakenly think leads to a major environmental impact due to the reduced travel miles to transport the food).
About a half-billion fewer animals are now being raised for food than just several years ago reducing animal agriculture's global impact.
what New york times columnist Mark Bittman calls Vegan Before 6. According to Gallup millions of Americans also have become vegetarian or vegan.
while refining diets (switching to products from sources that adhere to higher animal-welfare standards).
Famed director James cameron became vegan and advocates meat reduction for conservation reasons. Nature Conservancy CEO Mark Tercek also is vegan
and has said on his blog: As an environmentalist I think our global consumption of meat is far too high.
And former George w bush and Sarah Palin speechwriter Matthew Scully is vegan writing in his book Dominion regarding farm animal production
With more than nine billion animals currently being raised for food in the United states each year if we all eschewed meat even one day a week
With more people sharing our mutual responsibility to reduce carbon footprints by shifting to plant-based meals we have reason to be hopeful for our planet's future.
The U s. Food and Drug Administration has approved already Shrilk's ingredients which would make it easier to use for medical purposes.
the detection of lung cancer, detecting peanuts in food, and dangerous gases in mines. Panorama anticipates that one of its initial first generation systems will be applicable to the mining sector,
and processing vanadiumhe principal active ingredient in many flow battery electrolytesy 40%relative to competitors. As a result of this technology and other developments, Imergy will be able to lower the cost of its flow batteries from $500 a kilowatt hour, already an industry benchmark, to under $300 per kilowatt hour.
Its viscosity acidity and sugar content make it good at sealing wounds and it even contains small amounts of hydrogen peroxide.
000 bottle of champagne to any team member who could find a bug in the device.
As the only organisms capable of converting sunlight into food, plants are the powerhouses that produce all of the sustenance On earth.
When you leave a key ingredient out of a recipe, you usually come up with an inedible meal.
When scientists do it, it sometimes leads to an amazing discovery. That's what happened at an IBM laboratory recently
#DARPA's'Luke Skywalker'arm wins FDA approval An extremely advanced prosthetic arm sometimes compared to Luke Skywalker's arm from"Star wars"has been approved for clinical use by the U s. Food and Drug Administration
The new way to move kids stuff and pizza Order a Domino pizza in Portland, Ore.
But moving kids, pizzas and even entire households with pedal power is catching on big time in the U s. Cargo bikes are he new station wagon,
She said the finished film will have pedicabs, bicycle messengers, food delivery and, yes, pizza guys. t would be great if a big company,
like Whole Foods, launched a large fleet of electric cargo bikes, Canning said. e need something on that scale.
Less Car More Go DHL's courier services are mounted often bike in Europe. Photo courtesy of"Less Car More Go")Cargo bikes have reached scale in Europe.
and pieced together from scratch paving the way for designer organisms that could produce new medicines food products
Humans first domesticated yeast for wine and other alcohol during the days of the Fertile Crescent (roughly 4000 years ago) and have been using it
ever since to make bread wine and beer Boeke told Livescience. Today he said the fungus is used also to makevaccines medicines
and biofuels and the ability to create custom-made yeast would provide useful too for the biotech industry.
and food that unfit for human consumption wee able to produce enough biomethane to provide a significant supply of gas to the national gas network that capable of powering almost 8500 homes as well as fuelling the Bio-Bus. Gas-powered vehicles
and be converted to run on Bristolian sewage and food scraps o
#Quantum'entangled'light sharpens microscopes'images The first microscope that uses the eerie trick of quantum entanglement to increase its sensitivity has been developed by Japanese researchers.
or picked up a prescription or paid for a restaurant meal I can write off as a business expense my life would be so much easier in March.
and nanoparticles they're also printing with dough vegetables and even meats. Both engineers and gourmet chefs are experimenting with creating foods from 3-D printing.
The technique allows them to produce foods in unique shapes and textures and to streamline repetitive tasks like filling ravioli. 3-D food printers don't look like traditional printers.
Theye more like industrial fabrication machines with syringes. Users load the syringes with raw food ink dough chocolate
or anything with a liquid consistency and the machine prints the food by depositing layers of liquids to build the desired object.
Just like a regular printer the machine takes its instructions from a computer. Using software a 3-D representation of the food is created
and divided into printable layers. Designers of commercial 3-D printers believe that in the near future we'll be able to download such recipes and print them in our home kitchens.
Barcelona-based company Natural Machines says it hopes its Foodini machine (pictured right) will promote more home cooking by managing the difficult
or time-consuming parts of preparing homemade food. Rather than buying prepackaged processed snacks like pretzels breadsticks crackers
and cookies you can make them with fresh ingredients at home the Foodini's description reads.
Printed foods could also lead to more sustainable food sources according to Dutch technology company TNO. Its researchers have experimented with creating foods from algae insects and grasses.
I'd rather that instead of printing a steak from cow protein you could make it from algae
or insects Kjeld van Bommel a TNO researcher told Popular Mechanics. In one example his group printed shortbread cookies made with milled mealworms.
The look of the worms put me off but in the shape of a cookie
Take a look at the variety of food that can be made with 3-D printers. The Foodini made these chickpea nuggets as a healthier alternative to meat options.
when you can print your own pizza? The Foodini printed this burger and then added cheese to fit the patty.
Natural Machines created these spinach quiche dinosaurs to encourage kids to eat their vegetables. TNO has experimented with printing pureed vegetables back into their original shape.
Cornell University's Fab@Home can print ramen noodles in a variety of artistic shapes.
Photo: Natural Machinesmaking homemade ravioli can be a time-consuming process but Foodini prints each individual piece and even keeps them warm until it's time to cook.
These spice bite treats were printed in shapes that would be diffult to create through traditional food-making processes n
#Quantum computer technology now capable of holding data with 99 percent accuracy Perhaps the zaniest property of quantum mechanics is that of entanglement,
which is the weird instantaneous connection that exists between two entangled particles no matter their distance from one another.
When it comes to learning how to cook, robots and humans have something in common: We both turn to Youtube for online tutorials on how to chop garlic
Human are interested in actually eating the food, but one group scientists has a different goal in mind.
The robots that were shown cooking videos were able to grab and manipulate the correct kitchen tools
"But cooking is complex in terms of manipulation, the steps involved and the tools you use. If you want to cut a cucumber, for example,
Water dropped over the metal appears like candy-dispenser bouncy balls as it richochets off.
Nature News In a milestone for a politically charged field, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the world's first clinical trial of a therapy generated by human embryonic stem cells.
Nature News The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has adopted a policy that will govern approval of the use of genetically engineered animals.
just as it regulates drugs, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The agency argued that the RECOMBINANT DNA used to engineer the animals was in effect an animal'drug'.
The UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA) ran a two-year voluntary reporting programme from September 2006,
if it survives the U s. Food and Drug Administration s grueling approval process. He says it is a precursor to
#Coffee rust regains foothold Where there is coffee, there is coffee rust. But the long stalemate between growers and the fungus behind the devastating disease has broken#with the fungus taking the advantage.
As one of the most severe outbreaks ever rages through Central america, researchers are reaching for the latest tools in an effort to combat the pest,
from sequencing its genome to crossbreeding coffee plants with resistant strains. Caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix,
coffee rust generally does not kill plants, but the Institute of Coffee of Costa rica estimates that the latest outbreak may halve the 2013-14 harvest in the worst affected areas of the nation.
This outbreak is"the worst we ve seen in Central america and Mexico since the rust arrived in the region more than 40 years ago,
the Nicaraguan government reportedly declared that it would include coffee rust on a list of special research projects designed to safeguard the country s agriculture.
and more than 90%of coffee crops were wiped out in those regions. Faced with an economic catastrophe
the country abandoned coffee for the tea it is associated with today. The disease is so universal that it"is not going to be eradicated;
or the only way to eradicate the disease in practice is to eradicate all of the coffee,
"Coffee rust was considered a solved problem by most of the coffee growers and coffee institutes of the region,
says Avelino.""People didn t fear the disease. The outbreak may have taken hold because of patchy use and effectiveness of fungicides.
Nigel Cattlin/FLPAHEMILEIA vastatrix rusts the leaves of coffee plants. And in Africa, Noah Phiri, a plant pathologist working in Nairobi for the not-for-profit development organization CABI,
Marco Aurelio Cristancho, a researcher at Cenicaf#,the National Centre for the Investigation of Coffee in Chinchin#
says that the government has supported research into developing resistant strains of coffee through crossbreeding. The introduction of resistant strains, together with improved weather monitoring to help predict rust outbreaks,
At the Federal Rural University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil, Valdir Diola is working to isolate resistance genes in coffee
as well as from Kenya, India, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe, to screen for resistant coffee plants and to analyse varieties of the pathogen."
"Scientists need to continuously develop resistant varieties in order to keep coffee leaf rust disease at bay, Phiri says."
"Governments in coffee-growing countries need to take coffee research as a priority and provide necessary resources.
At the same time the novel cells could be built into so-called multijunction solar cells#compound devices that incorporate several different types of semiconductor material in layers like a sandwich to absorb as much of the energy in sunlight as possible.
Advanced Cell Technology says that it will begin talking to the US Food and Drug Administration this March about the safety studies required to test platelets derived from ips cells in humans,
whose guts are more efficient at breaking food down with acids and enzymes. Flies have a much less sophisticated digestive system,
Despite an increasingly vegetarian diet, Francis s cholesterol has budged not.""Sometimes I want to call my physician
because most of the salt in sea water is expelled as it freezes. Armed with the hypothesis that the missing source might be such a polynya,
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Thursday approved the first retinal implant for use in the United states. The FDA s green light for Second sight s Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System gives hope to those blinded
In 2009, Flu Trends had to tweak its algorithms after its models badly underestimated ILI in the United states at the start of the H1n1 (swine flu) pandemic###a glitch attributed to changes in people s search behaviour as a result of the exceptional nature of the pandemic (S. Cook et al.
Such things have included everything from spare parts for the International space station above to the beef on our dinner plates to the organs inside our bodies.
kidney and heart require complex vascular structures that allow them to absorb nutrients and discard waste.
Brentjens, meanwhile, is happy to have his patients in fighting spirits again.""You see these people at their lowest low emotionally as well as physically,
It appears January 13 in the open-access journal elife. he beauty of this work is that it can serve as a test bed for clinical trials in a dish,
UC San francisco researchers have completed experiments that overturn the scientific consensus on how the brain unger circuitgoverns eating.
and that the activation of Agrp neurons directly drives eating. But the new work shows that the Agrp-POMC circuit responds within seconds to the mere presence of food,
and that Agrp neurons motivate animals to seek and obtain food, rather than directly prompting them to consume it. o one would have predicted this.
It one of the most surprising results in the field in a long time, said Zachary Knight, Phd,
It has been known for 75 years that a region at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus exerts profound control over eating behavior.
Hundreds of experiments in which scientists added hormones or nutrients to brain slices while recording the activity of Agrp
circulating nutrients such as glucose activate POMC neurons, which suppresses the desire to eat more food.
Yiming Chen a graduate student in Knight lab, was expecting to build on the prevailing model of the hunger circuit
when he began experiments using newly developed fiber optic devices that allowed him to record Agrp-POMC activity in real time as mice were given food after a period of fasting. o one had recorded actually the activity of these neurons in a behaving mouse,
2015 online issue of Cell, just seconds after food was given to the mice, and before they had begun to eat,
if we gave a hungry mouse some food, then slowly, over many minutes, it would become satiated
If you simply give food to the mouse, almost immediately the neurons reversed their activation state.
and smells the food, before they even take a bite. The researchers found that the Agrp-POMC circuit could be quickly eset,
if the food were taken away. The magnitude of the transition from Agrp to POMC activity was correlated also directly with the palatability of the food offered:
peanut butter and chocolate, both of which are preferred much by mice over standard lab chow, caused a stronger and more rapid reversal of Agrp-POMC activity.
The Agrp-POMC responses also depended on the accessibility of the food. A slower and weaker transition was seen
if the mice were able detect the presence of peanut butter through smell, but couldn see the food.
These results show that, while slow, hunger-induced changes in hormones and nutrients activate Agrp neurons over the long term,
these neurons are inactivated rapidly by the sight and smell of food alone. A major implication of this discovery
Knight and Chen said, is that the function of Agrp neurons is to motivate hungry animals to seek
and find food, not to directly control eating behavior itself. The fact that more accessible and more palatable, energy-rich foods engage POMC neurons
and shut down Agrp activity more strongly suggests that the circuit also has nticipatoryaspects, by which these neurons predict the nutritional value of a forthcoming meal
and adjust their activity accordingly. Both of these roles of the Agrp-POMC circuit make sense,
said the researchers: if an animal has obtained successfully food, the most adaptive brain mechanism would suppress the motivation to continue searching;
likewise, since energy-dense foods alleviate hunger for longer periods, discovery of these foods should more strongly tamp down the hunger circuit
and the desire to seek additional nutrition. volution has made these neurons a key control point in the hunger circuit,
but it primarily to control the discovery of food, said Knight. t controlling the motivation to go out
and find food, not the intake of food itself. So far, clinical trials of drugs that target Agrp-related pathways have been said disappointing,
Knight, and he believes the new research may provide a new perspective on these efforts. hat probably drives obesity is the rewarding aspect of food.
When you want dessert after youe finished dinner it because it tastes good, and that doesn require hunger at all,
Knight said. inding that this circuitry primarily controls food discovery rather than eating changes our view of
what we might be manipulating with drugs targeting Agrp pathways. We might be manipulating the decision to go to the grocery store,
not necessarily the decision to take the next bite of food. Other members of the Knight laboratory participating in the research were Yen-Chu Lin,
research specialist, and graduate student Tzu-Wei Kuo. The research was supported by the New york Stem Cell Foundation, the Rita Allen Foundation
what colour juice you got from different parts of the brain, says Sten Linnarsson, senior researcher at the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. ut in recent years wee developed much more sensitive methods of analysis that allow us to see which genes are active in individual cells.
protect against infection and supply nerve cells with nutrients. With the help of this detailed map, the scientists were able to identify hitherto unknown cell types,
codeine and drugs using a simple home-brew beer kit. The discovery, published in the scientific journal Nature Chemical Biology, comes on the heels of a study published last month in the journal PLOS ONE.
In Monday's study, synthetic biologists at the University of California at Berkeley inserted an enzyme gene from beets to coax yeast into converting tyrosine--an amino acid easily derived from sugar--into a compound called reticuline.
when sugar-fed yeast could reliably produce a controlled substance, "said John Dueber, who co-led Monday's paper."
and basic skills in fermentation would be able to grow morphine-producing yeast using a home-brew kit for beer-making,
so that the yeast requires unusual food or laboratory conditions to thrive, thus raising the technological bar for gangs.
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