Drugs that flip this switch rapidly reduced obesity and diabetes risk factors in mice fed a high fat diet.
and the loss of brown fat hen we feed mice high fat foods, which is like going to Mcdonalds every day,
The drugs also significantly reduced the negative effects of a high-fat diet in mice, including reducing weight gain and, to the researcherssurprise,
Normally, mice fed a high fat diet for 45 days quickly balloon to nearly 160 percent of their starting weight.
said Freedman. e could also imagine this type of drug would be part of a cocktail therapy,
Despite the project sounding like a pie-in-the-sky dream straight from a science fiction movie,
#Breeding higher yielding crops by increasing sugar import into seeds Once a mother plant releases its embryos to the outside world,
and compete successfully, the mother plant whole life is dedicated to producing sugars in its leaves,
The sugars are manufactured in the leaves when the plant turns the Sun energy into chemical energy
The amount of sugars that fill a seed directly determines the seed size. A team of scientists led by Carnegie Wolf Frommer has discovered now that a sugar-transport protein in maize
and rice called SWEET4 is both necessary for successful seed filling and shows genome changes that indicate domestication by humans.
more sugar-filled seeds such as maize kernels were more attractive to human cultivators, due to their nutritive value and their ability to produce sturdier seedlings.
Frommer and his lab have worked extensively on the family of SWEET sugar transporters, which play several key roles in plants,
and transporting sugars from the leaves to other tissues. They also discovered that SWEETS make plants susceptible to hijacking by pathogens that steal plant energy supplies before they can be transported to the seeds.
Frommer team analyzed maize genes involved in sugar-related processes to find ones that were seed urned onduring development.
which encodes a sugar transporter protein in maize, was shown to be expressed specifically in the maize seed by the group of Prem Chourey at University of Florida,
when import of sugars into a seed is maximal, between 10 and 17 days after the seed is pollinated. e believe that as early farmers selected larger seeds to eat and plant,
they unconsciously selected for increased sugar import into these seeds by SWEET4CCARNEGIE Davide Sosso, the lead author of this study,
because seeds that contained more sugars were larger and more nutritious. A major breakthrough of this study was the finding that SWEET4C is absolutely essential for seeds to be filled.
sugars were delivered not to the seeds and the backpack was empty (in science jargon: empty pericarp.
whose organs lacked a sugar molecule that normally lines their blood vessels. That molecule was the major culprit behind what called hyperacute rejection,
Removing the sugar molecule helped. But it wasn enough. Tests in monkeys showed that other forms of organ rejection still damaged the pig tissue,
or even make cheese. During a January phone conference with reporters Church declared that e are aiming at modifying plant and animal cells,
. Or it might exchange genes with other organisms it runs into outside a lab dish.
or make cheese. And once synthetic biology leads to a new drug or vaccine, he thinks,
and tubing to clamp onto a donor heart and keep it fed with blood and nutrients.
if it receives a supply of nutrients. old is the old thing, and warm is the new thing,
This way the team effectively turns a circulatory death into a brain dead eating heartdonor. With the heart pumping,
rdinated. t not a fluid natural movement like you are picking up a cup of coffee to drink it,
#This is the first FDA-approved 3d printed drug The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first-ever 3d printed drug,
and now have concluded that the streaks contain mineral salts that easily absorb moisture. Judging by images of Martian cliffs taken from orbit,
which can rest on the surface of an agar plate, the researchers were able to amplify ultrasound waves
#Epilepsy drug is approved first FDA 3d printed pill The first 3d printed pill has been approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA.
The device, described in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is shaped like a large honeycombed pie with dozens of interlocking slices.
When the meal is ready, it appears in a small glass compartment. The food is prepared by real people,
but the patrons never have to see them. The owners of Eatsa may have felt that San Franciscans needed to ease themselves into such a radical change
Hundreds visited the shop on Monday to try the vegetarian dishes, which prominently feature quinoa and at $6. 95 are well below market average in the city.
when more and more families are struggling to survive in the city. like the food and love the price,
but how do I get coffee with the person who made that product that I want to work on?'"
Calif. elcome to this reality-a store where you can buy shoes, eyewear and coffee,
where the VR is set up, plus locations in outlets like Whole Foods, Nordstrom and Journeys.
although Bajarin notes that Patron Tequila recently used VR to show its distillery in Mexico,
a store where you can buy shoes, eyewear and coffee, and also take a 360-degree immersive video trip to Peru.
"Toms has five retail stores where the VR is set up, plus locations in outlets like Whole Foods, Nordstrom and Journeys.
although Bajarin notes that Patron Tequila recently used VR to show its distillery in Mexico,
Cooking a meal/dining with Jefferson While such experiences would create new meanings for rying it on it remains to be seen
In other words, it the difference between learning the steps to cook a meal and actually feeling that you are having dinner with Thomas Jefferson.
It remains to be seen if we will ever be able to experience the latter. Perhaps actually feeling you are camping in the Andes is not necessary for VR to have a place in physical stores,
The new technology uses the method called'pervaporation'for removal of salt from water with minimal power usage.
The vapour is condensed thereafter to produce pure water for drinking purposes. The filter which is made of cellulose acetate powder
#Amazon wants you to stick Dash wi-fi'buy'buttons all over your home Amazon has released new wi-fi-connected Dash buttons for people who never want to run out of laundry detergent, coffee,
another for diapers, another for coffee, washing detergent, and so on. The buttons come with adhesive on the back,
so they can be attached where appropriate-the coffee button next to the coffee maker, for example. Once connected to the home wi-fi network,
The standalone DRS buttons are meant for items in the household for which no machine is associated-such as shaving blades, creams, paper towels,
and sports drinks. Brands would be able to supply consumers with their own-brand Dash buttons,
#Beyond food, beyond fashion: Turkey's journey towards a new startup culture While far from the levels of Greece, Spain,
while Yemeksepeti (also known as foodonclick), an online food delivery platform which employs more than 200 staff serving over 1. 2 million registered users in eight countries.
This Wednesday April 29th, Dr. Oliver Haferbeck, Head of Diabetes Care at Roche diagnostics will be part of a live panel on the Coffee break with Game Changers Radio.
#Spain's 3d food printing lab: Bringing technology to the table Technology has been encroaching into the professional kitchen for years.
but it was first step in fusing tech and food. In 2011, researchers at the University of Exeter made headlines with a 3d printer that created designs in chocolate,
and MIT research associate David Carr followed up with a machine that printed out people's faces in the same medium.
a 3d printer working that uses prepared capsules of food to print dishes such as ravioli at the press of a button.
Then, at this year's CES, XYZPRINTING printed pizza. Is the future of food already here?
The Catalan government believes the region's food sector is a prime candidate for boosting the the area's economy,
And Ferran Adrià, the superstar Catalan chef, is taking gastronomy to new levels of scientific creativity through elbullifoundation and the Bullipedia,
an encyclopedia aimed at changing the way cooks work. In addition, Catalonia will be the European region of gastronomy for 2016.
It was against this background that the the University of Barcelona (UB), the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) and the Fundació CIM, an organization
The laboratory has a multidisciplinary team led by Pere Castells, a chemist and authority on science and cooking.
with food pairing theory, based on the principle that foods go well with one another when they share key flavor components."
"3d printing offers new opportunities for personalized cuisine, a concept that will revitalize both the food industry and the restaurant business,
CHALLENGES All these changes are gently simmering away, like good dishes.""In field of gastronomy, the possibilities of 3d printing are not yet apparent,
"Castells said.""Printing flat designs can be done, but 3d is said something else Castells as he demonstrated how layers of chocolate are used to build up three-dimensional structures,
laid down one after the other by machines donated by the Fundació CIM and other haute cuisine equipment given by businesses.
The foundation, attached to Polytechnic University of Catalonia and working on an open hardware basis, has been selling 3d printers since 1998, according to Felip Fonollosa, its director general.
making it useful for creative cuisine. In fact, Carme Ruscalleda, the Catalan chef behind the three Michelin starred restaurant Sant Pau, used it to make an edible model of one of the stained-glass windows of Santa maria del Mar, a gothic church in Barcelona."
"Right now, the greatest challenge with 3d food printing is to create volume, and that's the next step for our laboratory."
Castells is planning to study the problems associated with giving food volume-that is, a more 3d shape rather than a flat design-and also some experts in temperature control,
which he believes is a key factor in making food printing a success."Chocolate is a difficult product to work with,
"but"chocolate is a difficult one as it has to keep a certain temperature"."BENEFITS OF CAPSULES However, for now,"the market is still immature
"We have to establish a culture of food machine usage. Cooks are keen to do demonstrations
and shows but don't want to buy the machines yet.""As for Castells, he is convinced that benefits will come from cartridges
or capsules of food-like those used in coffee machines today. He has some time ahead to work on it:
the Alicia Foundation-a center devoted to technological innovation in food and promoting healthy eating,
and the Institute for Research and Technology, a Catalonian government organisation which promotes research and technological development in the area of agrifood
In July 2014 the U s. Food and Drug Administration granted CTL019 its Breakthrough Therapy designation for the treatment of relapsed and refractory adult and pediatric ALL a step
and William Helferich professor food science and human nutrition. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Engineering g
Scientists have designed now new materials for making household LED bulbs without using these ingredients. They report their development in ACS'Journal of the American Chemical Society.
#Immune cells in liver drive fatty liver disease, liver cancer Fatty liver disease--alongside fatty liver due to massive alcohol consumption--is caused mainly by excessive consumption of fat
and sugar combined with a lack of exercise or a sedentary life style. This is referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD.
and high sugar combined with lack of excercise a chronic inflammatory response is triggered in the liver tissue in addition.
The researchers found that children who can not express a particular sugar molecule in the small intestine called the Lewis molecule do not become infected by the rotavirus types found in existing vaccines.
They go into quiescence to conserve energy and nutrients. That's when they produce the equivalent of vegetable oil.
But to convert them into truly viable biofuel producers we need them to grow and produce oil simultaneously.
The study published today in the Onlinefirst version of the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (JPEN) the research journal of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A s. P. E. N.)found the use
The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A s. P. E. N.).Note:
when evaluating areas of potential pollution from nutrients. Research scientist Natalia Kuosmanen at MTT Agrifood Research Finland says defining sustainability quantitatively is challenging due to variety of meanings attached to this commonly used concept.
Improvements for OECD nutrient balance modelcurrently the static nutrient balance approach of OECD is used to assess nutrient emissions from agriculture.
The static approach ignores the accumulation of nutrients in the environment and overlooks the dynamic nature of the nutrient cycles Kuosmanen says.
Our results demonstrate that the nutrient outflow calculated using the dynamic nutrient balance model provides a more reliable and robust indicator for the purposes of evaluating
All of them underwent a glucose tolerance test which shows how well insulin secretion responds to excess sugar load.
#Research findings could pave way for a fructose tolerance test Increased consumption of table sugar
and high-fructose corn syrup has been linked to rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the United states and throughout the world.
and sugar-sweetened beverages and both are made up of nearly equal amounts of two basic sugars glucose and fructose.
Accumulating evidence suggests that the fructose component of sugar may have a particularly deleterious effect on health explains co-senior author Mark Herman MD of the Division of Endocrinology Diabetes
Fructose is a pervasive presence throughout our foods: high fructose corn syrup for example can be found in everything from processed cookies and sweets to seemingly healthy foods such as yogurt.
Fructose is taken up by the liver as soon as it's ingested and very little of it makes it to peripheral blood where it might be sampled
which senses simple sugars and responds by activating cellular gene expression programs. Observations that fructose potently activates Chrebp in rodent livers
They first tested the effect of glucose on FGF21 by giving volunteers a drink of 75 grams of glucose and measuring blood levels over the course of five hours.
Superconductivity and ferromagnetism--the normal form of magnetism such as that found in the familiar horseshoe magnet--are like chalk and cheese:
which vials laboratory glassware and household goods such as casserole dishes or tea and coffee pots for example are made.
and mix it with an enzyme substrate a nutrient that activates certain enterobacteria Only if these enterobacteria are contained in the water they convert the substrate
They developed a new surface coating for medical devices using materials already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA.
The technology involves beaming radio waves through this simple antenna-and-rubber sandwich. When the device comes under pressure the copper antennas squeeze the rubber insulator and move infinitesimally closer together.
These chemical tags come from a variety of sources--mainly the food we eat the chemicals in the environment that gets inside us through our skin
Proper nutrients for instance allow for the formation of chemical tags to direct the histones to activate genes in the proper ways.
One of the university's assets is School of medicine research with the human microbiome the trillions of organisms that live in our guts many performing beneficial tasks such as digesting food and fighting off infections.
or food said senior author Wayne M. Yokoyama MD a Howard hughes medical institute investigator at the School of medicine.
Now ecologists wait to see how the short drink of water will affect the parched landscape.
Early in the process of developing an allergy skin exposure to food allergens contributes to sensitization which means the skin is reactive to an antigen such as peanuts especially by repeated exposure.
In a collaboration among the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute Immunology Institute and Tisch Cancer Institute at The Mount sinai Hospital researchers exposed mice
These findings suggest that skin exposure to food allergens contributes to sensitization to foods in early life.
This research helps us to understand why peanut out of the many foods in our diet is such a common cause of food allergy said Berin..
and prevent the food allergy altogether. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by The Mount sinai Hospital/Mount sinai School of medicine.
#Women who eat fried food regularly before conceiving at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy Women who eat fried food regularly before conceiving are increased at risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy,
New research published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes) shows that women who eat fried food regularly before conceiving are increased at risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
Recently, frequent consumption of fried foods has been linked to a higher risk of overweight and obesity in two Mediterranean cohorts.
including consumption of fried foods at home and away from home, using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ.
For fried food consumption, participants were asked"how often do you eat fried food away from home (e g.
French fries, fried chicken, fried fish?""and"how often do you eat food that is fried at home?"
"Both questions had four possible frequency responses: less than once per week, 1-3 times per week, 4-6 times per week, or daily.
The researchers analysed fried food consumption at home and away from home separately, as well as total fried food consumption.
In addition, they asked the participants what kind of frying fat/oils they usually used at home, with the possible responses as follows:
real butter, margarine, vegetable oil, vegetable shortening, or lard. The authors documented 847 incident GDM pregnancies during 10 years of follow-up.
After adjustment for age, parity, dietary and non-dietary factors, the risk ratios for developing GDM among women who consumed total fried foods 1-3, 4-6,
After this, the risk ratios of GDM among women who consumed total fried foods 1-3, 4-6,
"The potential detrimental effects of fried food consumption on GDM risk may result from the modification of foods and frying medium and generation of harmful by-products during the frying process.
leading to an increase in the absorption of oil degradation products by the foods being fried,
"Frying also results in significantly higher levels of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGES), the derivatives of glucose-protein or glucose-lipid interactions.
Moreover, intervention studies with a diet low in AGES have shown significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced oxidant stress, and alleviated inflammation."
This may partly explain why we observed a stronger association of GDM risk with fried foods consumed away from home than fried foods consumed at home."
you make a lot of grape juice.""Different signal patterns interpreted as sandpaper, a smooth surface and a ridged surface enabled a blindfolded Spetic to discern each as they were applied to his hand.
and are among the common foods of some endangered sea otters. Findings from the new study will be published Oct 8 in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Discovering the role that these invisible polymers play in disease transmission in the ocean is a tremendous step forward in helping us better understand
The formulation developed by the team contains two important ingredients: ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP), an antibiotic commonly used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria,
#Small molecule jams the switch to prevent inflammatory cell death Walter and Eliza Hall Institute scientists have discovered a small molecule that blocks a form of cell death that triggers inflammation opening the door for potential new treatments for inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis Crohn's disease
This small molecule binds to MLKL in such a way that it'jams the switch'that makes it active she said.
Bacterial protein implicated Eating disorders (ED) such as anorexia nervosa bulimia and binge eating disorder affect approximately 5-10%of the general population
Researchers at Inserm Unit 1073 Nutrition inflammation and dysfunction of the gut-brain axis (Inserm/University of Rouen) have demonstrated the involvement of a protein produced by some intestinal bacteria that may be the source of these disorders.
According to the researchers it may ultimately be possible to correct this mechanism that causes variations in food intake.
The common characteristic of the different forms of ED is dysregulation of food intake which is decreased
Sergueï Fetissov's team in Inserm Joint Research Unit 1073 Nutrition inflammation and dysfunction of the gut-brain axis (Inserm/University of Rouen) led by Pierre Déchelotte studies the relationships
Variations in food intake in the presence of the bacterial proteinto obtain these results the researchers modified the composition of the intestinal flora of mice to study their immunological and behavioural response.
Food intake and level of antibodies against melanotropin in the 1st group of mice which were given mutant E coli bacteria (not producing Clpb) did not change.
In contrast antibody level and food intake did vary in the 2nd group of animals which received E coli producing Clpb protein.
The likely involvement of this bacterial protein in disordered eating behaviour in humans was established by analysing data from 60 patients.
The standardised scale Eating Disorders Inventory-2 was used to diagnose these patients and evaluate of the severity of their disorders based on a questionnaire regarding their behaviour
Furthermore their immunological response determined the development of eating disorders in the direction of anorexia or bulimia.
and open up new perspectives for the diagnosis and specific treatment of eating disorders. Correcting the action of the protein mimicking the satiety hormonewe are presently working to develop a blood test based on detection of the bacterial protein Clpb.
and individualised treatments for eating disorders say Pierre Déchelotte and Sergueï Fetissov authors of this study.
in order to prevent the dysregulation of food intake that it generates. According to our initial observations it would indeed be possible to neutralise this bacterial protein using specific antibodies without affecting the satiety hormone they conclude.
and food protects against autoimmune diseases by altering the immune response and turning destructive cells into protective cells.
The pressure is five times higher than in an unopened champagne bottle. This high pressure is generated by very tightly packed DNA inside the virus. The pressure serves as a trigger that enables the virus to eject its DNA into a cell in the host organism.
#Artificial membranes on silicon Artificial membranes mimicking those found in living organisms have many potential applications ranging from detecting bacterial contaminants in food to toxic pollution in the environment to dangerous diseases in people.
Chitosan is derived from chitin a sugar found in the shells of certain crustaceans like lobsters or shrimp.
They chose this ingredient for its ability to form a moisturizing matrix. It is insoluble in water
The key ingredient of Rice's RRAM is its dielectric component silicon oxide. Silicon is the most abundant element On earth and the basic ingredient in conventional microchips.
Microelectronics fabrication technologies based on silicon are widespread and easily understood, but until the 2010 discovery of conductive filament pathways in silicon oxide in Tour's lab, the material wasn't considered an option for RRAM.
and death--food and water tainted with pathogens from fecal matter results in the deaths of roughly 700000 children each year.
and it can be used in agricultural areas to hold in nutrients and bring more stability to the soils.
and increase the availability of plant nutrients he said. Additionally the biochar can be burned as charcoal
and only one therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. While most of these vaccines are created with dendritic cells,
#Safe drinking water Via Solar power Desalination Natasha Wright, an MIT Phd student in mechanical engineering, has designed a solar powered system that makes water safe to drink for rural, off-grid Indian villages.
she had no idea how to remove salt from groundwater to make it more palatable, nor had she ever been to India,
with a possible focus on filtering biological contaminants from groundwater to make it safe to drink. There are already a number of filters on the market that can do this,
Although the available filters made water safe to drink, they did nothing to mitigate its saltiness so the villagersdrinking water tasted bad and eroded pots and pans,
t similar with things like sugars and for much bigger macromolecules such as DNA. People will be familiar with the double helix
While in the food industry, the technique could allow companies to refine the flavours of the food
and drinks that we consume. The research, Enantiomer Specific Analysis of Multi-Component Mixtures by Correlated Electron Imaging-Ion Mass Spectrometry
or to detect environmental pollutants and food conditions, says Jie Bao, a former MIT postdoc and the lead author of a paper describing the quantum dot spectrometers in the July 2 issue of Nature.
such as steroid creams and oral medicines, commonly fail to relieve symptoms in patients with moderate to severe eczema.
The plastic materials, called organic photovoltaics, are organized typically like a plate of cooked pasta a disorganized mass of long, skinny polymer paghettiwith random fullerene eatballs.
The UCLA technology arranges the elements more neatly like small bundles of uncooked spaghetti with precisely placed meatballs.
Some fullerene meatballs are designed to sit inside the spaghetti bundles, but others are forced to stay on the outside.
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