Synopsis: Domenii: Nutrition: Nutrition generale:


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The robot takes bottles of cream from one production line and places them onto the packaging line.


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It easy to imagine it one day being used to unobtrusively serve drinks at a cocktail event,


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announced that the RP-VITA Remote Presence Robot has received 510 (k) clearance by the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in hospitals.


robohub.org 2015 000029.txt

which will drive the jam for you while you do e-mail or read a book.


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Pentagon press secretary Peter Cook said. That first class of 54 rebels disintegrated after deploying back into Syria,


R_edition.cnn.com_TECH 2015 00206.txt.txt

but with an extra ingredient--the"healing agent.""It remains intact during mixing, only dissolving and becoming active

and produce spores that can survive for decades without food or oxygen.""The next challenge was not only to have the bacteria active in concrete,

but adding sugar to the mix would create soft, weak, concrete. In the end, Jonkers chose calcium lactate,


R_edition.cnn.com_TECH 2015 00351.txt.txt

The regrowth of the arm takes place inside a bioreactor providing nutrients and stimulation for the limb to reform.


R_news.discovery.com 2015 01060.txt.txt

food and medical assistance to Nepalis following the quake. Patients Wheeled Out of Hospitalon Tuesday at the main hospital in Kathmandu


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#Cloning Animals for Food to Be banned in EU EU lawmakers backed calls Tuesday to tighten up a proposed ban on cloning animals for food so as to ensure they never find a place on European farms.

--which are hugely expensive to develop--are used not for food but for breeding purposes, with their embryos and semen used widely in the United states, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.

EU Food and Health Safety Commissioner Vytenis Andriukatitis said the restrictions in the report were justified not,


R_news.discovery.com 2015 02451.txt.txt

The mirror uses a series of ultispectralcameras to assess an individual diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking habit and metabolic risk.

The mirror can also assess nutrition and physical activity. A breathalyzer is used to detect blood sugar levels that can be influenced by alcohol and smoking.


R_news.discovery.com 2015 02496.txt.txt

Food and Water Watch Executive director Wenonah Hauter said in a statement. hrough a system of reditsand dubious and unverifiable offsets,


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which would be carved nearly a mile underground inside geological salt layers deep underground. When the energy was needed,

because the company will take the salt removed to create the caverns and eject it into the ocean waters off Northern ireland coast.


R_news.sciencemag.org 2015 03112.txt.txt

Theye voracious parasites that burrow into gut walls and devour nutrients like a nightmarish version of The Very Hungry Caterpillar.


R_newsoffice.mit.edu 2015 00578.txt.txt

and Plasmodium, which causes malaria, access vital nutrients from their host cells. Around one-third of the world deadly infectious diseases, including malaria

and for the pathogen to gain access to vital nutrients, Gold says. ltimately what defines a parasite is that they require certain key nutrients from their host,

he says. o they have had to evolve ways to get around their own barriers, to gain access to these nutrients. revious research has shown that the vacuoles are selectively permeable to small molecules,

allowing certain nutrients to pass through pores in the membrane. But until now, no one has been able to determine the molecular makeup of these pores,

and how they are formed. Two new proteinswhen studying Toxoplasma the researchers discovered two proteins secreted by the parasite, known as GRA17 and GRA23,

he says. o I think this is a really strong potential drug target for restricting the access of these parasites to a set of nutrients. n addition to malaria,

This ery excitingresearch elegantly identifies a molecular component of a pore in the vacuole that separates the growing Toxoplasma parasite from its host cell to help in the acquisition of nutrients, according to Manoj Duraisingh,


R_newsoffice.mit.edu 2015 00867.txt.txt

This lesion, a damaged form of the normal DNA base cytosine, is caused by the reactive molecule hypochlorous acid the main ingredient in household bleach


R_newsoffice.mit.edu 2015 01077.txt.txt

Customizable viruses The Food and Drug Administration has approved a handful of bacteriophages for treating food products,

or disinfecting food, as well as treating human disease. Another advantage of this approach is that all of the phages are based on an identical genetic scaffold,


R_phys.org 2015 00002614.txt

"Conventionally, cells cultured on the surface of plastic dishes have been used to identify new drug targets, test chemical toxicity,


R_phys.org 2015 00002751.txt

000 compounds from both the KU Chemical Methodologies and Library Development Center and the Food and Drug Administration in a process known as"High Throughput Screening,"hunting for compounds that obstruct Hur's interface with healthy


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which can be as soft as jelly or as hard as rubber, to adhere to the metal electrodes.


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"We've been focused on improving the dining experience at every touch point, and we're excited to give our guests the ability to customize their visit by leveraging the technology of Ziosk's tabletop tablets,"Dave George,

where travelers can have delivered food to where they sit, but are limited still in the traditional restaurant scene.

Percentage of children eating fast food on a given day drop p


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#Physicists tune Large hadron collider to find'sweet spot'in high-energy proton smasher As protons collide,


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With a rising global population leading to increased pressure on food resources, it is becoming ever more essential that crop breeding programmes work to enhance the security of global food sources.

and perform poorly when applied to polyploid species such as bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) . which has multiple sets of chromosomes.

This disease is responsible for devastating bread wheat crops and has developed'Warrior'strains capable of infecting individuals previously believed to have tolerance."


R_profit.ndtv.com_news_banking-finance 2015 00482.txt.txt

of big-name debuts including Cafe Coffee Day and airline Indigo. Shares hit their lowest level in about a year last week,

"Among the most anticipated offerings is the IPO of up to $181 million of Coffee Day Enterprises,

which operates the Cafe Coffee Day chain. Interglobe Aviation, which runs the Indigo airline, is seeking a $400 million listing.


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and of the NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit. Zecca M. IJARS Video Series:


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This lesion, a damaged form of the normal DNA base cytosine, is caused by the reactive molecule hypochlorous acid the main ingredient in household bleach


R_scitechdaily.com 2015 00663.txt.txt

knowing more about how these cells jam and unjam is said important Fredberg, because epithelial cells play a prominent role not just in asthma,


R_scitechdaily.com 2015 00834.txt.txt

even though it used a significantly smaller amount of the active ingredient than commercial sunscreens, the researchersformulation protected equally well against sunburn.

When the active ingredients of sunscreen absorb UV LIGHT, a chemical change triggers the generation of oxygen-carrying molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The nanoparticle hydrophilic layer essentially locks in the active ingredient, a hydrophobic chemical called padimate O. Some sunscreen solutions that use larger particles of inorganic compounds, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide,


R_scitechdaily.com 2015 00915.txt.txt

Meng said that in this study the team replaced those organic layers with metal oxide layers that sandwich the perovskite layer,


R_techcrunch.com 2015 00002015.txt

And as incomes rise people spend more on food (Engel law) and eat more animal protein (8 pounds of grains are needed for 1 pound of beef).

To meet the demand for food, fuel and fiber from a growing and increasingly affluent population,

experts predict that we will need to double global crop production over the next 35 years. With demand outstripping supply since the emergence of China starting in the mid 1990s,

the public at large is informed now better about the state of our food system and more concerned about the impact that agriculture has on the environment.

food e-commerce, and smart equipmentnd 10 of these subsectors had more than 5 percent share of the Agtech market),

On the other end of the spectrum, Hampton Creek, a vegan mayonnaise company, is attempting to formulate an egg-less egg product.

In several subsectors, notably food e-commerce and bioenergy, companies are reaching sizes where an IPO is within grasp,


R_techcrunch.com 2015 00002141.txt

and this new one contains key ingredients for improving the accuracy and efficacy of gesture recognition over time.


R_techcrunch.com 2015 00002144.txt

and has been possible online via tracking cookies, promo codes and other means. But it been notoriously difficult to do in store

Square has attached effectively a tracking cookie to a physical person because it knows what they use to pay you.

When a food truck can effectively craft marketing campaigns and track business even when their business is inherently itinerant


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Think of it like alcohol consumption: two people who drink the same amount are likely to have slightly different reactions,


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and dropped into neighborhoods with no sources of healthy foods. Since you always pay by credit card or mobile,

Eatsa wants to make meals that taste delicious and indulgent yet are healthy for you.

Come grab a meal alongside Techcrunch in our demo video (above) of the Eatsa experience e


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idodrugs. club first identifies the chemical ingredient in the drug you enter. italin, for instance, is the brand name that most people probably recognize,


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water is an essential ingredient for life This is tremendously exciting. We haven been able to answer the question oes life exist beyond Earth,


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 00887.txt.txt

which is typically part salt, part solvent. The researchers used lithium iodide as the salt,

which offers a high-energy storage capacity with low cost, and water as the solvent. In tests, the researchers compared the solar flow battery's performance to that of a typical lithium-iodine battery.

which is typically part salt, part solvent. The researchers used lithium iodide as the salt,

which offers a high-energy storage capacity with low cost, and water as the solvent. In tests, the researchers compared the solar flow battery's performance to that of a typical lithium-iodine battery.


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01089.txt.txt

a postdoctoral research scholar, cut sugar production in liver cells by inhibiting a key protein involved in transporting pyruvate, a building block of glucose, from the bloodstream into the energy factories of liver cells, called mitochondria.


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01122.txt.txt

#Now, a car powered by whisky residue Scientists in Scotland have become the first in the world to produce biofuel capable of powering cars from residues of the whisky industry.

Edinburgh-based Celtic Renewables plans to build a production facility in central Scotland after manufacturing the first samples of biobutanol from by-products of whisky fermentation.

"The technique could transform the Scottish whisky industry and generate up to £100 million of transport fuel a year."

"Julie Hesketh-Laird from the Scotch whisky Association said, "The production of biobutanol from draff and pot ale is another example of the industry putting its by-products to a good use to promote sustainability and jobs."

The biofuel is produced from draff the sugar rich kernels of barley soaked in water to facilitate the fermentation process necessary for whisky production and pot ale,


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01123.txt.txt

#Now, a car powered by whisky residue Scientists in Scotland have become the first in the world to produce biofuel capable of powering cars from residues of the whisky industry.

Edinburgh-based Celtic Renewables plans to build a production facility in central Scotland after manufacturing the first samples of biobutanol from by-products of whisky fermentation.

"The technique could transform the Scottish whisky industry and generate up to £100 million of transport fuel a year."

"Julie Hesketh-Laird from the Scotch whisky Association said, "The production of biobutanol from draff and pot ale is another example of the industry putting its by-products to a good use to promote sustainability and jobs."

The biofuel is produced from draff the sugar rich kernels of barley soaked in water to facilitate the fermentation process necessary for whisky production and pot ale,


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01125.txt.txt

carbon dioxide and water into sugars. Instead of sugars, however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months

or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure. In a roundtable discussion on his recent breakthroughs and the future of synthetic photosynthesis, Peidong Yang, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools

To do that, they need model systems to study nature's best designs, especially the catalysts that convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars at room temperatures."


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01290.txt.txt

In a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience, Mcewen and other scientists identified waterlogged molecules salts of a type known as perchlorates in readings from orbit."

"That's a direct detection of water in the form of hydration of salts,"Mcewen said."

The researchers were able to identify the telltale sign of a hydrated salt at four locations.

In addition, the signs of the salt disappeared when the streaks faded.""It's very definitive there is some sort of liquid water,

The perchlorate salts lower the freezing temperature, and the water remains liquid. The average temperature of Mars is about minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit,

Liquid water is considered one of the essential ingredients for life, and its presence raises the question of whether Mars,


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01305.txt.txt

#Plastic eating worms could save the world A tiny worm, which is actually the larva of a beetle, eats Styrofoam and other forms of polystyrene,

Mealworms fed a steady diet of Styrofoam were as healthy as those eating a normal diet,


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01306.txt.txt

#Plastic eating worms could save the world A tiny worm, which is actually the larva of a beetle, eats Styrofoam and other forms of polystyrene,

Mealworms fed a steady diet of Styrofoam were as healthy as those eating a normal diet,


R_www.3ders.org 2015 02853.txt.txt

The only current issue would be its size it is approximately the size of a very thick pizza


R_www.3ders.org 2015 02992.txt.txt

as China's Food and Drug Administration announced that China's self-developed 3d printed hip replacement (joint) has been certified commercially,


R_www.3ders.org 2015 03057.txt.txt

the wavelike muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tractnd can continue to gather


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Angelini likens this effect to the way that sugar can appear both solid and fluid depending on physical impact:


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delicate items, like our dishes; or performing even more precise and intricate tasks, like maneuvering medical instruments. his knowledge is useful for creating a system


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and Coca cola, this is the first time any of their companies has used Kickstarter. Then again, what better way is there to reach the socially connected in-crowd than through social media-driven crowdfunding itself?


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The porous channels are created by mixing salt with the rubbery elastomer when still in the liquid stage.

the outside of the organ is coated with the polymer, minus the salt. This prevents the external layer from also becoming permeable and eakingfluid.


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and Hamed Bay, Sponge is a highly porous and super hydrophobic material derived from heated sucrose (a form of sugar).

Since it is made from sugar the per-gram cost is only 15 cents, reducible with economies of scale.


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and produce sugar or biofuels when exposed to the sun. The underlying concept is that such functions will,


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It is used to make plastic drink bottles as well as many other products (including fabrics) and for packaging purposes

since it tends to absorb the materials it comes in contact with (drinks or food),


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#UF Scientists Find Perfect Medium for 3d printing Complex Jelly-Soft Objects All paste-based pneumatic extrusion 3d printing processes (a type of 3d printing that is rapidly becoming a stand-alone sector for its many different possible

as well as any food-paste extrusion, silicon, alginate, resins and, yes, cellular hydrogels for bioprinting. A team of scientists at the University of Florida,


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which is a form of sugar has a highly porous structure that is simultaneously water-repellant and pollutant-absorbent.


R_www.aerospace-technology.com 2015 00825.txt.txt

the Progress was intended to supply 3t of food, fuel and supplies to the station. The spacecraft lost contact with the flight controllers shortly after it reached orbit


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they become as malleable as chewing gum when heated and can be molded easily or blown like glass.


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00012.txt

are microengineered metal-gel sandwiches about 5 to 10 times smaller than a single red blood cell, one of the smallest human cells.


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#Cerium-Based Material Made into Nanometer-Sized Particles to Produce Key Ingredient for Nylon Production The Critical Materials Institute,

The process uses a cerium-based material made into nanometer-sized particles with a palladium catalyst to produce cyclohexanone, a key ingredient in the production of nylon.


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mimicking the exchange by diffusion of nutrients and drugs with human tissue. In the future this setup could also allow researchers to monitor the removal of metabolic waste products from the cells. his system is not a simple cell culture where tissue is being bathed in a static bath of liquid,

it replicates how tissue in our bodies actually gets exposed to nutrients and drugs. The heart cells were derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells,

mimicking the exchange by diffusion of nutrients and drugs with human tissue. In the future, this setup could also allow researchers to monitor the removal of metabolic waste products from the cells. his system is not a simple cell culture where tissue is being bathed in a static bath of liquid,

it replicates how tissue in our bodies actually gets exposed to nutrients and drugs. e


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where a nanophotonic sensor could be built to scan for pollutants not just in food but also in air and water.


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00631.txt.txt

which is just icing on the cake. And since this platform could potentially be used for such a broad array of drugs,


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00657.txt.txt

Researchers are looking to convert these biopolymers to free the functional sugars and discharge energy.


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Cornell Nanobiotechnology Center and the Cornell Nutrient Analysis Laboratory supported this research. Can nanofiber save your life?

mixing ingredients, capturing bacteria can be done with material about the size of a deck of cards. The fibers are a fast,


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00765.txt.txt

the research group developed porous films using pigskin-derived gelatin chemically modified with hexanoyl group that is believed to provide superb tissue adhesiveness and excellent bonding to growth factors.


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00848.txt.txt

a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugars.

Instead of sugars, however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure.

especially the catalysts that convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars at room temperatures.""This is not about mimicking nature directly


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00942.txt.txt

The disease starves the tree of nutrients, damages its roots and the tree produces fruits that are green and misshapen,

unsuitable for sale as fresh fruit or, for the most part, juice. Most infected trees eventually die, and the disease has affected already millions of citrus trees in North america.


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"which are dissolved basically salts in a solution. The EPFL scientists exploited the liquid's tunability to bring it to an ideal viscosity gradient-enough to slow down DNA.


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including pathogen detection in food or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a


R_www.azonano.com 2015 01019.txt.txt

and that is to me an opportunity to change the world in a very big way-Prof Baratunde Cola,

-Prof Baratunde Cola, Georgia Tech The team employed nanoscale fabrication techniques alongside metallic multiwall carbon nanotubes to build devices that utilized light's wave nature rather than its particle nature.

which is the structure we made-Prof Baratunde Cola, Georgia Tech The rectennas were grown on rigid substrates

Cola intends to improve the efficiency of the rectennas in a number of ways such as changing materials,

-Prof Baratunde Cola, Georgia Tec o


R_www.azonano.com 2015 01023.txt.txt

#Novel Lab in a Needle Device Could Provide Instant Results to Lab Tests Researchers at Houston Methodist,


R_www.azonano.com 2015 01054.txt.txt

A sandwich nanomaterial structure exposed to moisture also changes its colour However the scientists aren interested

For one thing, the colour of the sandwich material can be set via the thickness of the layers.

And for another, the colour of the sandwich changes if the scientists increase the relative humidity in the immediate surroundings of the material,

The sandwich structure consisting of phosphatoantimonate nanosheets and oxide nanoparticles is highly stable from a chemical perspective


R_www.azosensors.com 2015 02117.txt.txt

To pick up a cup of coffee, they have to be able to see the cup,

Their reward for advancing through the various stages of the game successfully is flavored fruit juice. e want to determine what they can perceive through artificial stimulation of the nerves


R_www.azosensors.com 2015 02554.txt.txt

computers, doors, windows, coffee machine--similar to using the Kinect or Wii in front of a TV.


R_www.azosensors.com 2015 02704.txt.txt

A smelling device could be very useful for the smell industry, such as perfume, cosmetics, wine and coffee.


R_www.bbc.com_future 2015 00302.txt.txt

Aluminium and titanium melt like butter at this speed. Ceramic panels will have to be used. During tests


R_www.bbc.com_science_and_environment 2015 00425.txt.txt

and nutrition for millions of small-scale fishermen and their families for generations, allowing coastal communities to sustain themselves.


R_www.bbc.com_technology 2015 00998.txt.txt

the US Food and Drug Administration has given the go-ahead for a 3d printed pill to be produced.


R_www.bbc.com_technology 2015 01188.txt.txt

And they have another unique ingredient, just as important as the high tech sensors, computers, and voice synthesisers.


R_www.bbc.com_technology 2015 01295.txt.txt

Pausing, Mr Modi became emotional as he told of cleaning dishes for those less fortunate.


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causing problems with eating, breathing and mobility and eventually death. Dr Sarah Hatsell and her colleagues at Regeneron found that the overactivity of the mutant receptor is caused by its altered response to the signalling molecule Activin-A this molecule normally makes AVCR1 less active,


R_www.biopharma-reporter.com 2015 00594.txt.txt

and replace this large manufacturing footprint that is the bread and butter of our industry today with a suitcase-sized device that will make GMP therapeutics at the point of care within a few hours. know it sounds completely nuts. ield tests

so have have produced G-CSF (Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor), Interferon, and antibodies using the tech.


R_www.biopharma-reporter.com 2015 00596.txt.txt

and replace this large manufacturing footprint that is the bread and butter of our industry today with a suitcase-sized device that will make GMP therapeutics at the point of care within a few hours. know it sounds completely nuts.

Field tests so have have produced G-CSF (Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor), Interferon, and antibodies using the tech.


R_www.biosciencetechnology.com 2015 01018.txt.txt

and Plasmodium, which causes malaria, access vital nutrients from their host cells. Around one-third of the world deadly infectious diseases, including malaria

and for the pathogen to gain access to vital nutrients, Gold said. ltimately what defines a parasite is that they require certain key nutrients from their host,

he said. o they have had to evolve ways to get around their own barriers, to gain access to these nutrients.

Previous research has shown that the vacuoles are selectively permeable to small molecules, allowing certain nutrients to pass through pores in the membrane.

But until now, no one has been able to determine the molecular makeup of these pores, and how they are formed.

he said. o I think this is a really strong potential drug target for restricting the access of these parasites to a set of nutrients.

This ery excitingresearch elegantly identifies a molecular component of a pore in the vacuole that separates the growing Toxoplasma parasite from its host cell to help in the acquisition of nutrients, according to Manoj Duraisingh,


R_www.biosciencetechnology.com 2015 01031.txt.txt

To pick up a cup of coffee, they have to be able to see the cup,

Their reward for advancing through the various stages of the game successfully is flavored fruit juice. e want to determine what they can perceive through artificial stimulation of the nerves


R_www.biosciencetechnology.com 2015 01573.txt.txt

Other systems for 3-D cell culturing involve filling deep dishes with hydrogels. Because of the distance these dishes must be kept from the microscope,

Kamm said, it difficult to capture high-resolution images. AIM Biotech devices, on the other hand, he said, can be put directly under the microscope like a traditional plate,


R_www.biosciencetechnology.com 2015 01700.txt.txt

professor at the Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Karolinska Institutet and also affiliated to the Scilifelab facility.


R_www.biosciencetechnology.com 2015 01717.txt.txt

and Australia showed how LUK-ED attacked red blood cells to obtain nutrients, most notably iron, essential for its rapid growth and infection.


R_www.biosciencetechnology.com 2015 01772.txt.txt

While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,

Dankovich nonprofit company page Drinking Paper, works together with the nonprofit WATERISLIFE to produce a book of this nanoparticle-embedded paper,


R_www.biosciencetechnology.com 2015 01822.txt.txt

The research also presents an opportunity to greatly improve techniques for growing brain circuits in a dish that reflect the true diversity of the human brain,


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#Identifying Cancer's Food Sensors May Help Halt Tumor Growth Oxford university researchers have identified a protein used by tumors to help them detect food supplies.

which enables them to make better use of available nutrients than the cells around them-including healthy tissue.'

'Cancer cells often have restricted access to the body's nutrient-rich blood supply. The ability to sense

and acquire nutrients is critical for a cancer to grow. Dr. Goberdhan's and Prof Harris's groups collaborated to develop an antibody that could be used to highlight PAT4 in human tissue samples.


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This innovative perfume system has been created by tagging a raw fragrance onto an ionic liquid (salt in the form of liquid)

and could be used in perfumes and cosmetic creams, but it could also be used in others area of science,


R_www.biospace.com 2015 01399.txt.txt

Alectinib was granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation by the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2013 for people with ALK-positive NSCLC


R_www.biospace.com 2015 02729.txt.txt

#Modified Yeast Produce Opiates From Sugar, Stanford university Study It typically takes a year to produce hydrocodone from plants,

For thousands of years, people have used yeast to ferment wine, brew beer and leaven bread.

Now Stanford researchers have engineered genetically yeast to make painkilling medicines, a breakthrough that heralds a faster and potentially less expensive way to produce many different types of plant-based medicines.

so that these fast-growing cells could convert sugar into hydrocodone in just three to five days.

or brewed into teas, or later refined into pills using chemical processes to extract and concentrate their active ingredients.

Smolke team is modernizing the process by inserting precisely engineered snippets of DNA into cells, such as yeast,

These genes equipped the yeast to produce all the enzymes necessary for the cells to convert sugar into hydrocodone,

Many plants, including opium poppies, produce (S)- reticuline, a molecule that is a precursor to active ingredients with medicinal properties.

In addition to bioengineering yeast to convert sugar into hydrocodone, the Stanford team developed a second strain that can process sugar into thebaine, a precursor to other opioid compounds.


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