and these particles not only serve as a cathode by corroding to protect the iron structure
The electrons at the center of the spirals are driven pretty vigorously by the laser's electric field.
In Kinsis, material scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists, electrical engineers, information scientists, food scientists and physicians work closely together.
which is demonstrated to represent a fingerprint of hot-carrier dominated thermoelectricity. The measurement scheme allows researchers to evaluate the characteristic cooling length for hot-carriers,
These new phenomena rely on the transport of thermal energy, in contrast to the conventional application of magnetic fields, providing a new,
and enables the manipulation of nanomagnets with spin currents rather than magnetic fields, "explained Gyung-Min Choi,
2015how natural channel proteins move in artificial membranes June 3rd, 2015high-temperature superconductivity in atomically thin films:
If you wrapped one up into a sphere, its magnetic fields would point away in all different directions
Scientists found they could prod these skyrmions to move using electric currents and an idea was born:
are tiny devices that stop the flow of electric current (off and on, 1 and 0). But there's a limit to how small we can make them,
When the scientists applied an electric current to the metal layers the stripes stretched through the channel
By running a smaller electric current through the system, they could make the skyrmions move.''These aren't exotic materials--they're widely used already in the magnetics industry,
The electric current needed to move the skyrmions is much lower than what's used in other experimental memory alternatives, like racetrack memory,
"If you have a microwave and honey or molasses, you can pretty much make these particles at home,
and Gary Bernard, electrical engineering professor at the University of Washington, Seattle, who are renowned experts in the study of insect physiology and ecology.
In graphene, infrared light launches ripples through the electrons at the surface of this metallike material called surface plasmon polaritons that the researchers were able to control using a simple electrical circuit.
size, and structure to facilitate desired interactions with light, electrical or magnetic fields, or chemical environment to provide unique functionality in a wide range of applications from energy to medicine.
It is known that splitting a hydrogen molecule at the anode of fuel cell using platinum is relatively easy.
splitting the oxygen molecule at the cathode of fuel cell (oxygen reduction reaction(,ORR)) is more difficult
An electrolyte or membrane is used to separate oxygen gas at the cathode region from hydrogen gas in the anodic region,
while ions can still migrate from the anode to the cathode. The electrolyte plays a key role.
It must permit only the appropriate ions to pass between the anode and cathode. If free electrons or other substances could travel through the electrolyte,
such as increasing catalytic activity, reducing cathode flooding and eliminating the need for external humidification equipment. However, at higher temperatures, current electrolyte that is used in PEMFC dehydrate (becomes very dry),
2015oxford Instruments Tritonxl Cryofree dilution refrigerator selected for the Oxford NQIT Quantum Technology Hub project June 30th,
This technique could be important in the development of devices that are highly sensitive to magnetic fields,
This required very complicated sample preparation and the magnetisation could only be determined indirectly through the resulting distribution of the magnetic field."
Knowledge of the magnetisation is prerequisite for improving the sensitivity of magnetic field detectors.""Sensors for weak magnetic fieldsthe new method could be of interest to anyone involved with extremely small magnetic features within small volumes,
Procedures like magnetoencephalography depend on externally detecting very weak magnetic fields created by the electrical activity of individual nerve cells-using appropriately sensitive detector r
Jlich researchers develop ultrahigh-resolution 3-D microscopy technique for electric fields July 7th, 2015new Biosensor Produced in Iran to Detect Effective Drugs in Cancer Treatment July 4th,
They also want to evaluate how this characteristic may affect other properties, such as electrical conductivity and thermal transport.
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
and then were exposed to a magnetic field. The magnets brought the aapcs and their receptors closer together
The magnetic field of the column activated the T cells, which were washed then off into a nourishing broth,
Researchers are first to demonstrate electroluminescence from multilayer molybdenum disulfide Over the last decade, advances in the technology of light-emitting diodes,
A new study by researchers from the California Nanosystems Institute at UCLA is the first demonstration of electroluminescence from multilayer molybdenum disulfide,
when electric current is run through it or when it is shot with a nondestructive laser. Multilayer molybdenum disulfide, by contrast, is easier and less expensive to produce,
it was rather surprising for us to discover that similar vertical devices made of multilayer Mos2 somehow showed very strong electroluminescence,
Duan and his team used a technique called electric field-induced enhancement, which relocates the electrons from a dark state to a luminescent state,
and an interconnection material linking semiconductor devices to form the desired electrical circuits, "said Kim.""This renders high processing temperature undesirable,
because they can be used to create devices that produce direct current or to drive chemical reactions on otherwise inert metal surfaces.
#Researchers boost wireless power transfer with magnetic field enhancement Wireless power transfer works by having a transmitter coil generate a magnetic field;
a receiver coil then draws energy from that magnetic field. One of the major roadblocks for development of marketable wireless power transfer technologies is achieving high efficiency."
the researchers were able to significantly enhance the magnetic field, increasing its efficiency.""We realized that any enhancement needs to not only increase the magnetic field the receiver'sees,
'but also not siphon off any of the power being put out by the transmitter, "Ricketts says.""The MRFE amplifies the magnetic field
while removing very little power from the system.""The researchers conducted an experiment that transmitted power through air alone, through a metamaterial,
whose electrical conductivity increases 200-fold when stretched. The research team is using the new fibers to make artificial muscles,
and the thin rubber layer is a dielectric, resulting in a fiber capacitor. These fiber capacitors exhibited a capacitance change of 860 percent
The detection technique is based on recording the remnant magnetic field of a contaminant using SQUID sensors.
SQUID is a high-sensitivity magnetic sensor based on the superconductivity phenomenon. In the process, a strong magnetic field is applied to food to magnetize the metal fragments inside,
and subsequently, these metals, if they are contained in the food, can be detected by sensing their magnetic fields using SQUID sensors.
This method is advantageous in the sense that it is both safe and provides a high resolution.
Magnetic fields have strong affinities to this iron-nickel alloy. Thus, magnetic fields around the sensor are concentrated in the walls of this box."
"In experiments, the developed system was able to clearly detect a steel ball with a diameter as small as 0. 3 mm.
In 1974, molecular electronics pioneers Mark Ratner and Arieh Aviram theorized that an asymmetric molecule could act as a rectifier, a one-way conductor of electric current.
A typical diode consists of a silicon p-n junction between a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode) that serves as the"valve"of an electrical circuit,
directing the flow of current by allowing it to pass through in only one"forward"direction.
Dielectric materials can provide fast charge and discharge response, high energy storage, and power conditioning for defense, medical and commercial applications.
But it has been challenging to find a single dielectric material able to maximize permittivity, breakdown strength, energy density and energy extraction efficiency.
The hybrid sol-gel materials had shown potential for efficient dielectric energy storage because of their high orientational polarization under an electric field,
and in our bilayer dielectric, the n-octylphosphonic acid groups are inserted between the sol-gel layer
when we apply an electric field is that the polarization response -which measures how much the polar groups line up in a stable way with the field-behaves in a linear way,
"This is what you want to see in a capacitor dielectric material.""The next step will be to scale up the materials to see if the attractive properties transfer to larger devices.
"The simplicity of fully solution-based processes for our dielectric material system provides potential for facile scale up and fabrication on flexible platforms,
"This work emphasizes the importance of controlling the electrode-dielectric interface to maximize the performance of dielectric materials for energy storage application
"says study co-lead author Yu-Chih Chen, a postdoctoral researcher in Electrical engineering and Computer science at the University of Michigan College of Engineering.
and biology,"says study co-senior author Euisik Yoon, Ph d.,professor of electrical engineering and computer science and of biomedical engineering and director of the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility at the U-M College of Engineering."
which improves the electrical conductivity of the laminate. Image: Xianjun Huang, et al.//University of Manchester) The study demonstrates that printable graphene is now ready for commercial use in low-cost radio frequency applications,
who is the first author of the paper and a Phd candidate in the Microwave and Communcations Group in the School of Electrical and Electronic engineering.
With its high electrical conductivity, ability to store energy, and ultra-strong and lightweight structure, graphene has potential for many applications in electronics, energy, the environment,
including its electrical conductivity. And it's flexible and robust enough to print robust macroscopic structures.
and graphene's electrical conductivity most likely contributed to the scaffold's biological success."Cells conduct electricity inherently--especially neurons,
when placed in a magnetic field and generate negligible amounts of wasteful heat during energy harvesting, has been discovered by researchers at Temple University and the University of Maryland.
In the 1840s, physicist James Prescott Joule discovered that iron-based magnetic materials changed their shape but not their volume when placed in a magnetic field.
'that show a large volume change in magnetic fields,"said Chopra.""Moreover, these non-Joulian magnets also possess the remarkable ability to harvest
The researchers found the thermally treated materials contained never before seen microscopic cellular-like structures whose response to a magnetic field is at the heart of non-Joulian magnetostriction."
"said Qiaoqiang Gan, UB assistant professor of electrical engineering and the study's lead author. Additional authors of the study are:
UB Phd candidates in electrical engineering Nan Zhang, Kai Liu, Haomin Song, Xie Zeng, Dengxin Ji and Alec Cheney;
"An interferogram showing the photoelectron energy vs. delay time between identical femtosecond pump and probe pulses,
The interferogram is taken from a movie of photoelectron energy vs. momentum with one frame corresponding to a 50-attosecond delay.
The oscillations in the intensity of photoelectron signal for emission normal to the surface show how long light is trapped in the form of excitonic polarization during the coherent nonlinear interaction with the silver surface.
The electrons at the center of the spirals are driven pretty vigorously by the lasers electric field.
and a team of engineers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) could some day help people suffering from loss of hand motor control to regain some of their daily
become frustrating and nearly impossible feats due to reduced gripping strength and motor control in the hand.
#A universal transition Understanding what causes materials to change from electrical insulators to metallic conductors is relevant not only to the development of practical electronic devices,
which half of the electronic states that can contribute to the material electrical conductivity are occupied by electrons,
Therefore, rather than relying solely on electrical conductivity measurements, the researchers combined these observations with thermoelectric power measurements,
#Next-generation illumination using silicon quantum dot-based white-blue LED (Nanowerk News) A silicon quantum dot (QD)- based hybrid inorganic/organic light-emitting diode (LED) that exhibits white-blue electroluminescence
and their collaborators (Applied Physics Letters,"White-blue electroluminescence from a Si quantum dot hybrid light-emitting diode").
the laser arc method generates an arc between an anode and a cathode (the carbon) in a vacuum.
a magnetic field guides the plasma and filters out any particles of dirt. The laser arc method can be used to deposit very thick ta-C coatings of up to 20 micrometers at high coating rates.
which create a strong electric field intensity gradient, are key to inducing cantilever oscillations. Because the changes of the electromagnetic field in such systems are measured in tens of nanometers,
KAIST) Another way to achieve ultralow-powered PRAM is to utilize self-structured conductive filaments (CF) instead of the resistor-type conventional heater.
"Re-grown hematite proved to be a better power generating anode, producing a record low turn-on voltage that enabled the researchers to be the first to use earth-abundant hematite
when the material is exposed to a magnetic field. This giant magnetoresistance, which is responsible for the large storage capacity of modern hard discs,
together with colleagues from the High Magnetic field Laboratories at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and at the Radboud University in The netherlands, published the new findings on niobium phosphide in the journal Nature Physics.
Modern hard discs utilize this phenomenon to significantly alter the resistance of a material by exposing it to a magnetic field.
The resistance of niobium phosphide changes so dramatically in a magnetic field, because the charge carriers are deflected by a phenomenon known as the Lorentz force.
This force causes an increasing percentage of electrons to start flowing in the rongdirection as the magnetic field is ramped up,
the greater the Lorentz force and thus the effect of a magnetic field, explains Binghai Yan, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids in Dresden.
For their investigations, the scientists used the Dresden High Magnetic field Laboratory, as well as the High Field magnet Laboratory at Radboud University in Nijmegen, Netherlands,
an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science and first author on the new paper. e need to regulate the input to extract the maximum power,
the Joseph F. and Nancy P. Keithley Professor in Electrical engineering, use an inductor, which is a wire wound into a coil.
When a current passes through an inductor, it generates a magnetic field which in turn resists any change in the current.
so the catalyst has very good electrical conductivity and stability.''Wang used electrochemical tuning--putting lithium in, taking lithium out to test the catalytic potential of several metal oxides.'
At its most basic level, a battery is made of two metal electrodes (an anode and a cathode) with some sort of solution between them (electrolyte.
electrolyte ions are stored in the anode. As the battery discharges, electrolyte ions leave the anode
and move across the battery to chemically react with the cathode. The electrons necessary for this reaction travel through the external circuit,
generating an electric current. A supercapacitor is similar to a battery in that it can generate and store electric current,
but unlike a battery, the storage and release of energy does not involve chemical reactions: instead, positive and negative electrolyte ions simply tickto the surfaces of the electrodes when the supercapacitor is being charged.
When a supercapacitor is being discharged to power a device, the ions can easily opoff the surface
size, and structure to facilitate desired interactions with light, electrical or magnetic fields, or chemical environment to provide unique functionality in a wide range of applications from energy to medicine.
Our approach is to trap the probe light used for imaging inside of an optical resonator,
Because of the resonator, the signal gets enhanced by a factor of 50000. In the microscope, built by Dr. David Hunger and his team,
one side of the resonator is made of a plane mirror that serves at the same time as a carrier for the nanoparticles under investigation.
Laser light is coupled into the resonator through this fibre. The plane mirror is moved point by point with respect to the fibre
we can create electric fields that attract and move around droplets containing any chemical solution, "says first author Alphonsus Ng who recently graduated with a Phd from the U of T Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical engineering (IBBME) and Donnelly Centre,
Extreme experimental conditions such as high magnetic fields and cryogenic temperatures(-238 degrees Fahrenehit and below) are required usually to get even a small number of spins to line up.
and seen in the image, even with a high magnetic field applied. Using their new technique, Awschalom and his associates aligned more than 99 percent of spins in certain nuclei in silicon carbide (Sic).
Equally important, the technique works at room temperature--no cryogenics or intense magnetic fields needed. Instead, the research team used light to"cool"the nuclei.
"advances the understanding and use of complex oxide materials that boast unusual properties such as superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance but are notoriously difficult to control.
The beads are put in motion by an external magnetic field that causes each of them to rotate.
By controlling the magnetic field, Kim can direct the speed and direction of the microswimmers. The magnetism involve also allows the researchers to join separate strands of microswimmers together to make longer strings,
An electric current delivered by the device removes the membrane, releasing a single dose. The device can be programmed wirelessly to release individual doses for up to 16 years to treat
and Professor Chongwu Zhou of the Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical engineering, in concert with their collaborators, is documented in a paper in Advanced Materials("Black Arsenic-Phosphorus:
and manufacture of superconductors or high-efficiency solar cells and light sensors, said leader of the research,
and possibly superconductivity if properly doped.""From left are: Professor Jim Williams, Professor Andrei Rode and Associate professor Jodie Bradbury with the complex electron diffraction patterns.
the friction between those two surfaces ultimately produces an electrical charge-a type of contact electrification known as the triboelectric effect.
the characteristic that controls how polarized atoms interact with external electric fields. The researchers who published their results this month in the American Chemical Society Journal of Physical chemistry Letters discovered they could calculate the flexoelectric effect of graphene rolled into a cone of any size and length.
Lithium-ion cells with cobalt cathodes hold twice the energy of a nickel-based battery and four times that of lead acid.
These types of batteries, in all of their different lithium-anode combinations, continue to be an essential part of modern consumer electronics
which can literally sense different physical quantities such as electric field, temperature or vibrations through the inside of this hollow-core photonic crystal fibre.
which flies through the hollow channel in the interior of a photonic crystal fibre to measure different physical quantities, for example the electric field along the optical fibre.
whether hollow-core photonic crystal fibres are suitable as sensors by initially using the fibres to measure electric fields, vibrations and temperatures.
Less light passes through the fibre in a strong electric field To measure the strength of an electric field,
In an electric field it is deflected therefore from the centre of the channel to its edge,
The loss here is proportional to the strength of the electric field, and it is thus possible to determine the field from a distance.
We were also able to measure magnetic fields with a magnetic bead with extremely high precision,
Electric fields and vibrations can be distinguished by the behaviour of beads carrying different levels of charge.
The sensors could also be useful along high voltage lines or in transformer substations. Electric fields
vibrations and temperatures, and thus three quantities that are relevant in these installations, could be recorded with a single measuring instrument t
Forschungszentrum Jlich)" Our method is the first to image electric fields near the surface of a sample quantitatively with atomic precision on the subnanometre scale,
Such electric fields surround all nanostructures like an aura. Their properties provide information, for instance, on the distribution of charges in atoms or molecules.
To image electric fields up until now, scientists have used the entire front part of the scanning tip as a Kelvin probe.
but rather two electric fields that act on the mobile electron of the molecular sensor: the first is the field of a nanostructure being measured,
we can create a very sharp image of the electric field of the sample. Its a bit like a camera with very small pixels."
"In a new study, electrical engineers at the University of California, San diego have designed a cloaking device that is both thin
"said Li-Yi Hsu, electrical engineering Ph d. student at UC San diego and the first author of the study,
which was published recently in the journal Progress In Electromagnetics Research("Extremely Thin Dielectric Metasurface for Carpet Cloaking").
"An extremely thin cloaking device is designed using dielectric materials. The cloak is a thin Teflon sheet (light blue) embedded with many small, cylindrical ceramic particles (dark blue.
The researchers report that one of the keys to their cloak's design is the use of nonconductive materials called dielectrics,
This cloak includes two dielectrics, a proprietary ceramic and Teflon, which are tailored structurally on a very fine scale to change the way light waves reflect off of the cloak.
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
These are at the root of some of quantum physics'most fascinating phenomena, such as superfluidity and superconductivity.
and an interconnection material linking semiconductor devices to form the desired electrical circuits, "said Kim.""This renders high processing temperature undesirable,
when an external magnetic field is removed, this discovery is unexpected and challenges current theories for the SSE.
They generate no magnetic field, produce no magnons, and there appears to be no way for the spins to communicate with one another.
ISEM is the program leader for electrification and plays crucial role for design of next generation electric vehicles A key to unlocking the electric vehicle capability is a lightweight and powerful battery pack. ur simple fabrication method of eco-friendly materials
Doping the zinc oxide causes it to behave like a metal at certain wavelengths and like a dielectric at other wavelengths.
the addition of boron and nitrogen to graphenes carbon to connote the conductivity necessary to produce an electrical insulator.
reportedly harvests the electromagnetic radiation transferring to and from mobile phones and converts it into direct current (DC) electrical energy,
Selective biosensors transduce chemical signals into an electric current, which regulates electrophoretic delivery of chemical substances without necessitating liquid flow.
and aligned beautifully with the Earth magnetic field lines, like aurorae. e realised we may be onto something big.
They flow in these tubular structures that are aligned with the Earth magnetic field. And they can then move of their own accord.
scissors and to switch on a blender to make a smoothie. Most importantly to him, he was able to smoothly pick up a beer
The energy of the radio waves the router sent out was converted into direct current voltage with a component called a rectifier,
but we didn't have the delicate touch required to control magnetic fields precisely enough to levitate smaller objects."
The electrical engineers used their frequency comb to synchronize the frequency variations of the different streams of optical information,
first author on the paper and a UCSD electrical engineering Phd student. he frequency comb ensured that the system did not accumulate the random distortions that make it impossible to reassemble the original content at the receiver. he laboratory experiments involved setups with both three and five optical channels,
Called Q-Eye, the invention senses radiation across the terahertz (THZ) region of the spectrum between microwaves and infrared.
an associate professor in the campus electrical engineering and computer sciences department, developed the new algorithm. Abbeel said the best thing about the technique is that it rids the need of reprogramming
After carrying out a lot of research, Prakash has built a rotating magnetic field to coordinate with the flow of droplets in a timely manner and acts as a clock."
and refrigerators--to the Internet so they can work in concert with one another and be controlled remotely
they were able to create a 3d electrical circuit. Found in the cell walls of plants and algae or secreted by bacteria,
which they will swipe at a water dispenser just like a Westerner getting cash from an ATM MACHINE.
Current water dispensers are charging one Kenyan shilling (about half a cent U s.)for 20 liters of fresh water,
Because of the advanced tech inherent with the water dispenser machines, the water is not only cheaper, but safer to Drink up until now,
Two different metals, a anode and a cathode are submerged into different solutions and are connected by a salt bridge to form a reaction,
"So the way thermoelectric generators work is you have a hot plate and a cold plate and you smash these generators together
or a smartphone is infinitely greater than a vacuum cleaner and they only need tiny little bits of energy,
including resistors, switches, transistors, and, indeed, diodes. They have learned that it is possible to see quantum mechanical effects
Liquid nitrogen cooled superconductors and permanent magnets combine to allow Lexus to create the impossible. Now, Lexus, your hoverboard is really cool, but"impossible"?
Lexus is taking advantage of key properties of materials called superconductors. As you might expect,
When superconductors are cooled below a certain temperature, their electrons buddy up and move through the material without encountering any sort of resistance.
More specifically, Lexus'use of liquid nitrogenhich has a temperature of-321 degrees Fahrenheitells us that they're using a high-temperature superconductor like yttrium barium copper oxide,
Lexus'superconductor probably starts working at about-292 degrees Fahrenheit, which sounds unfathomably cold. However, this temperature is actually quite warm by superconductor standards.
The first superconductor ever discovered, in 1911, had to be cooled down to-452 degrees Fahrenheit, only a few degrees warmer than absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature.
So how did Lexus float its high-temperature superconductors? By playing a magnetic trick on them.
When a high-temperature superconductor is too warm to work, magnetic fields can pass right through it without a problem.
But if you then cool the superconductor down so that it starts working, it gets"stuck"on the magnetic field lines that were passing through it,
as if it were caught in a magnetic spiderweb. In other words, superconductors"freeze the flux lines of the field,
"says Steve Gourlay, the head of the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab's Superconducting Magnet Group, leaving the superconductor embedded in the magnetic field at that particular location.
A cross-section of a high-temperature superconductor (blue rectangle)" embedded"in a magnetic field (black lines. The magnetic channels through the superconductor are called"quantum vortices."
"How cool is that?(Wikimedia Commons) To levitate the superconductor, all you need to do is embed the superconductor in the magnetic field a couple of inches above some kind of magnetic surface.
If you tried to move the superconductor, you'd kickstart circular eddies of electrical current on the superconductor's surface,
spawning miniature magnetic fields that work to the superconductor in place. These eddy currents even oppose gravity,
pushing off of the surface's magnetic field to keep the superconductor floating in midair. In normal conducting material such as copper,
which resists the flow of electricity, those eddies would weaken. The lack of electrical resistance in superconductors means that once an eddy current starts
nothing can sap its strength. As long as you keep the superconductor cold, it'll stay floating above a magnet,
its eddy currents fighting gravity to a Draw in short, Lexus has come up with a cool way to use superconductors to levitate a hoverboard and its rider, an impressive achievement,
if true--Lexus hasn't provided video of someone riding the board. But by now, you've probably noticed a theme:
levitation happens when the superconductor interacts with an outside magnetic field. And this is where Lexus is giving us a little movie magic.
If the superconductors are in the hoverboard, then we need an outside magnetic field for the hoverboard to coast on.
This is where Lexus'"permanent magnets"come in. Gourlay suspects that Lexus laid down a bunch of very strong rare-earth magnets underneath the"sidewalk,
"setting up a magnetic field powerful enough to support both board and, Lexus promises, a rider.
In fact, Gizmodo reports that the hoverboard only works on"special metallic surfaces.""This sort of setup is probably too expensive for your everyday skate park.
Rare-earth magnets"can be, oh, I don't know, $100 a kilogram?""Gourlay said.""It isn't cheap."
"So unless you plan on covering your driveway with thousands of dollars'worth of magnets,
this cleverly made hoverboard wouldn't even get you out of your garage. Even so, Gourlay is intrigued by the prospect of using superconductorshich are used in everything from maglev trains to the Large Hadron Collidern something like a hoverboard."
"I couldn't ride it without breaking my neck, "he said, "but that would be kind of cool."
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