Lithium metal, for example, can store about 10 times as much energy per gram, but is extremely dangerous,
who has a joint appointment in MIT Department of Materials science and engineering. e came up with the method serendipitously,
Key to the process is the strong Van der waals interaction that exists between graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, another 2d material within
Thanks to strong Van der waals interactions between graphene and boron nitride, CVD graphene can be separated from the copper
Raman spectroscopy and transport measurements on the graphene/boron nitride heterostructures reveals high electron mobilities comparable with those observed in similar assemblies based on exfoliated graphene.
In a paper published August 10, 2015 in the journal Nature Communications, Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison, Phd student Robert Jacobberger,
when it explored dramatically slowing the growth rate of the graphene crystals by decreasing the amount of methane in the chemical vapor deposition chamber.
the graphene crystals naturally grow into long nanoribbons on a specific crystal facet of germanium. By simply controlling the growth rate and growth time,
It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.
and mechanical properties of MOFS compared to materials such as ceramics or metals, and have resulted in the past in structural collapse during postprocessing techniques such as sintering
Dr Thomas Bennett from the Department of Materials science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge says:
raditional methods used in melt-casting of metals or sintering of ceramics cause the structural collapse of MOFS due to the structures thermally degrading at low temperatures.
Through exploring the interface between melting, recrystallisation and thermal decomposition, we now should be able to manufacture a variety of shapes
The formation of glasses that contain highly interchangeable metal and organic components, in is highly unusual,
as they are normally either purely organic, for example in solar cell conducting polymers, or entirely inorganic, such as oxide or metallic glasses.
whereby different metals or organics are swapped into, or out of, the MOFS before melting o
director of Berkeley Lab Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature. ur ultra-thin cloak now looks like a coat.
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
Adsorption of molecules from solution onto a sensing surface alters the refractive index of the medium near this surface and,
or polymer layers on it. The biosensing sensitivity depends on the properties of chip surface. Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
the chemical process in this case controls magnetism in carefully chosen strongly ferromagnetic material systems. The working principle used in this case is similar to the concept of lithium-ion batteries.
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes, but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
"UW researchers used chemical vapor deposition to grow graphene nanoribbons on germanium crystals. This technique flows a mixture of methane, hydrogen,
armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison.""The widths can be very, very narrow,
"Not only are designed our facilities to work with all different sorts of materials from metals to oxides,
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
each face of a crystal (1, 1, 1) will have axes that differ from one (1, 1, 0) to the other (1, 0,
A tiny flake of graphene on silicon carbide and a futuristic-looking antenna and there it is the new graphene detector.
Wide spectral range achieved through silicon carbide substratethe choice of substrate has now proved a pivotal step in improving the little light trap."
but silicon carbide remains passive in the spectral range, "explained Stephan Winnerl. Then there is also an antenna which acts like a funnel and captures long-wave infrared and terahertz radiation.
which is located in the center of the structure on a silicon carbide substrate t
#Graphene flakes as an ultra-fast stopwatch Scientists at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), working with colleagues from the USA and Germany, have developed a new optical detector from graphene
A tiny flake of graphene on silicon carbide and a futuristic-looking antenna and there it is the new graphene detector.
Wide spectral range achieved through silicon carbide substrate The choice of substrate has now proved a pivotal step in improving the little light trap."
but silicon carbide remains passive in the spectral range, "explained Stephan Winnerl. Then there is also an antenna which acts like a funnel and captures long-wave infrared and terahertz radiation.
At that point, a reflective metal layer is on the bottom.""In this structure-unlike other photodetectors-light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
At that point, a reflective metal layer is on the bottom.""In this structure-unlike other photodetectors-light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
Other authors are graduate student Ritchie Chen and Polina Anikeeva, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering. Magnetic pull Previous research has yielded synthetic magnetic particles for imaging
The technique was demonstrated with polystyrene particles i
#An important step in artificial intelligence: Researchers in UCSB's Department of Electrical and Computer engineering are seeking to make computer brains smarter by making them more like our own Abstract:
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
a moth's eyes are antireflective because of naturally covered tapered nanostructures where the refractive index gradually increases as light travels to the moth's cornea,
"This produces a surface consisting of a porous three-dimensional network of high-silica content glass that resembles microscopic coral."
A portion of the research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials sciences, a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
Electrodes that so far have been used are made of very expensive elements such as platinum or platinum-iridium alloys.
This new composite presents some special talents. Firstly, it produces under sun light illumination a photovoltage of almost 0. 5 volts and very high photocurrent densities of up to 38 ma/cm2;
in order to optimize the properties of the novel composite photoelectrode device. The properties were optimal with a volumetric proportion of about 5%platinum (H2ptcl6) in the precursor solution."
In addition, it has been reported in the very recently published article that the composite shows high long-term stability over 25 hours
For example, after the implantation of an artificial ureter, urease crystals often start to grow inside
or into flexible chains through soft molecular linkers such as surface-grafted DNA or polymers. Here, we show that capillarity-mediated binding between magnetic nanoparticles coated with a liquid lipid shell can be used for the assembly of ultraflexible microfilaments and network structures.
it becomes pure tantalum, a metal. The researchers determined three related factors give the memories their unique switching ability.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of Rice's Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology y
and nanostructures to naturally occurring biological polymers, tissues and plant cells. The first application as part of DOE's Bioenergy Science Center was in the examination of plant cell walls under several treatments to provide submicron characterization.
They have managed also to use the polymer to build an L-shaped object that slowly walks forward as the temperature is raised repeatedly and lowered.
Hydrogels are polymers that can maintain large quantities of water within their networks. Because of this, they can swell
and then fixed them in place using a procedure called light-triggered in-situ vinyl polymerization, which essentially uses light to congeal a substance into a hydrogel.
The nanosheets ended up stuck within the polymer, aligned in a single plane. Due to electrostatic forces, the sheets create electrostatic resistance in one direction but not in the other.
which we calculated to be 32 degrees Celsius, the polymer rapidly changed shape, stretching in length.
As a demonstration of how the polymer could be put to practical use, the group designed an L-shaped piece of polymer that can actually walk, in a water environment,
as the legs lengthen and contract in response to changing temperature. The group now plans to conduct further studies to create substances that can be used in practical applications.
In a paper published Aug 10 in the journal Nature Communications, Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison, Ph d. student Robert Jacobberger,
when it explored dramatically slowing the growth rate of the graphene crystals by decreasing the amount of methane in the chemical vapor deposition chamber.
the graphene crystals naturally grow into long nanoribbons on a specific crystal facet of germanium. By simply controlling the growth rate and growth time,
biocompatible polymer film made out of polyvinylidene fluoride, or PVDF. To improve the material's energy harvesting ability, they added DNA,
Related to these goals, we are developing approaches to inject and print gallium-based liquid metal alloys into varied materials for stretchable and reconfigurable electronics.
For energy devices we have demonstrated solution-processable approaches to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices on nearly arbitrary surfaces including PET and polymer reinforced polymer composites.
The presentation will also discuss the development of silver inks as an interconnect material for flexible Si CMOS ICS on elastomers.
'which are based on metals, polymers and organic materials, to tie the system together electronically. With our technology, we can take a razor-thin silicon integrated circuit, a few hundred nanometers thick,
the Wright-Patterson team has turned to liquid gallium alloys as an electrical interconnect material, Leever says."
"While these liquid alloys typically oxidize within minutes and become essentially useless, "he says, "the team has been able to dramatically reduce the effects of the oxidation through the use of ionic species confined to the walls of microvascular channels within the flexible substrates."
The work was done by researchers in the laboratories of Lewis and Harry Atwater, director of JCAP and Howard Hughes Professor of Applied Physics and Materials science."
Rare and expensive metals such as platinum can serve as effective catalysts, but in its work the team discovered that it could create a much cheaper,
and safety of the new system is the special plastic membrane that separates the gases
The magnetic phase state at the edges of the antidots raised the metal-to-insulator phase transition temperature of the manganite film.
"The waste material is free compared compared to all the metals and expensive organic chemicals needed in other processes-in my opinion this is a far easier way to go."
and photoluminescence to optically probe the molecular structure of the phthalocyanine crystals.""Marrying these two techniques together is new;
and the boundaries in the crystals influence the movement of excitons. It's these boundaries that form a"barrier for exciton diffusion,
the team worked in the lab of UVM physics and materials science professor Randy Headrick to successfully form films with jumbo-sized crystal grains and"small angle boundaries."
who directs UVM's program in materials science, "and to do that we need a deeper understanding of exciton diffusion.
A spin wave is caused by a perturbation of the local magnetisation direction in a magnetic material.
Research paves the way for alloys that are 3x stronger than steel yet bend like gum Abstract:
based on UNSW Australia research that can predict for the first time which combinations of metals will best form these useful materials.
Just like something from science fiction-think of the Liquid-Metal Man robot assassin (T-1000) in the Terminator films-these materials behave more like glass or plastic than metal.
While still being metals, they become as malleable as chewing gum when heated and can be moulded easily
They are also three times stronger and harder than ordinary metals on average, and are among the toughest materials known."
"They have been described as the most significant development in materials science since the discovery of plastics more than 50 years ago,"says study author, Dr Kevin Laws, from UNSW Australia in Sydney.
Most metals are crystalline when solid, with their atoms arranged in a highly organised and regular manner.
Metallic glass alloys, however, have disordered a highly structure, with the atoms arranged in a non-regular way."
"There are many types of metallic glass, with the most popular ones based on zirconium, palladium, magnesium, titanium or copper.
But until now, discovering alloy compositions that form these materials has required a lengthy process of trial and error in the laboratory,
They have used their model to successfully predict more than 200 new metallic glass alloys based on magnesium
"Metallic glass alloys are expensive to manufacture and to date have only been used in niche products,
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
The work, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
In materials science,"fatigue"is used to describe the structural damage to a material caused by repeated movement or pressure, known as"strain cycling."
and fatigue has been a deadly disease for metals, "the researchers wrote.""We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
patterned silica material laid on top of a traditional solar cell. The material is transparent to the visible sunlight that powers solar cells,
Despite the high performance of metallic implants, including titanium and its alloys, in human body, the relatively weak corrosion resistance of the implants in the body and their inappropriate compatibility has resulted in a great challenge in the application of metallic alloys.
Therefore, Iranian researchers studied a type of composite nanocoating to obtain modified properties of biomaterials to be used in human body.
when the amount of diopside added to the base of hydroxyapatite increases up to 30 weight percent, the size of final composite grain and its size distribution significantly decreases after two steps of sintering process.
because the optimum conditions for applying nanocomposite coating through electrophoretic method on metals are obtained at low particle size distributions s
X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to discover the tiny structural details of biomolecules. All these methods,
#Carbon nanotubes Applied to Create Electrical conductivity in Woolen Fabrics The fabrics can be used in various industries,
Researchers have tried in this research to synthesize fabrics with new properties by using simple and modified carbon nanotubes.
The synthesis of these fabrics will open new windows to the production of composites with conventional and innovative applications.
Carbon nanotubes have been added to woolen fabrics that are insulators by themselves. Therefore, the product can be presented to the market as a relatively conductive material.
The researchers believe their new method is compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing--an existing method for creating devices in bulk using a roll of flexible plastic and a processing machine.
industrial-quality metal deposited on polymer sheets. First, an electronic mechanical cutter is used to form patterns on the metal-polymer sheets.
Second, after removing excessive areas, the electronics are printed onto any polymer adhesives, including temporary tattoo films.
The cutter is programmable so the size of the patch and pattern can be customized easily.
some of the atoms in the anode--an electrically conductive metal like lithium--become ions that then travel to the cathode,
#Brightness-equalized quantum dots improve biological imaging"In this work, we have made two major advances--the ability to precisely control the brightness of light-emitting particles called quantum dots,
and the ability to make multiple colors equal in brightness, "explained Andrew M. Smith, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Illinois."Previously light emission had an unknown correspondence with molecule number.
"Brightness-Equalized Quantum dots,"published this week in Nature Communications. According to the researchers, these new materials will be especially important for imaging in complex tissues
#Graphene teams up with two-dimensional crystals for faster data communications Ultra-fast detection of light lies at the heart of optical communication systems nowadays.
the research group led by Prof at ICFO Frank Koppens has shown that a two-dimensional crystal, combined with graphene,
but related two-dimensional crystals were still lagging very much behind. In our work we show that by teaming up these two materials,
and magnetic materials interact with each other due to their opposite magnetic ordering direction of magnetization: in magnetic layers storages the magnetic field tends to arrange spins in one direction,
"made of nanolayers of ferromagnetic material, superconductor and other metals. By changing the direction of magnetization it is possible to control the current in superconductor.
and Zhitomirsky, a materials science and engineering professor, demonstrates an improved three-dimensional energy storage device constructed by trapping functional nanoparticles within the walls of a nanocellulose foam.
and transition metal dichalcogenides,"said Awschalom.""It's not just that it's faster and easier.
#Single atom alloy platinum-copper catalysts cut costs, boost green technology: New generation of catalysts demonstrated for selective hydrogenation of butadiene Abstract:
for example in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which are the leading contenders for small-scale and mobile power generation not based on batteries or combustion engines.
in order to facilitate downstream polymer production. The current industrial catalyst for butadiene hydrogenation uses palladium and silver.
while a relatively cheap metal, is not nearly as catalytically powerful as platinum, noted Professor of Chemistry Charles Sykes, Ph d.,one of the senior authors on the paper."
"The researchers first conducted surface science experiments to study precisely how platinum and copper metals mix."
"We were excited to find that the platinum metal dissolved in copper, just like sugar in hot coffee, all the way down to single atoms.
We call such materials single atom alloys, "said Sykes. The Tufts chemists used a specialized low temperature scanning tunneling microscope to visualize the single platinum atoms and their interaction with hydrogen."
such as platinum-copper single atom alloy nanoparticles supported on an alumina substrate, and then tested them under industrial pressure and temperatures."
We believe this approach is also applicable to other precious metals if added as minority components in copper."
In the early 2000s, Maria's group had pioneered the single-atom approach for metals anchored on oxide supports as the exclusive active sites for the water-gas shift reaction to upgrade hydrogen streams for fuel cell use.
Together we embarked on a new direction involving single atom alloys as catalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions.
"Sykes and Flytzani-Stephanopoulos have used this approach to design a variety of single atom alloy catalysts that have,
and properties of single atom alloy surfaces and then applied this knowledge to develop a working catalyst.
#Dielectric film has refractive index close to air The refractive indices of naturally occurring materials are limited, and there exists an index gap between indices of air and available solid materials.
Here we demonstrate a class of ordered nanolattice materials consisting of periodic thin-shell structures with near-unity refractive index and high stiffness.
these ordered nanostructured material have reduced optical scattering and improved mechanical stability compared to existing randomly porous materials.
The demonstrated low-index, low-scattering, and high-stiffness materials can serve as high-quality optical films in multilayer photonic structures, waveguides, resonators,
At issue is called something refractive index, which measures how much light bends when it moves through a substance.
Air, for example, has a refractive index of 1, while water has a refractive index of 1. 33
-which is why a straw appears to bend when you put it in a glass of water.
with some components having a high refractive index and others have a low one. The higher the contrast between those materials
Air has the lowest refractive index, but it isn't mechanically stable. And the lowest refractive index found in solid,
naturally occurring materials is 1. 39. But now researchers have developed a film made of aluminum oxide that has a refractive index as low as 1. 025 but that is mechanically stiff."
"By manipulating the structure of the aluminum oxide, which is dielectric, we've improved both its optical and mechanical properties,
which gives it a more mechanically robust structure without impairing the refractive index, "says Xu Zhang,
The researchers make the film by first using a nanolithography developed in Chang's lab to create highly-ordered pores in a polymer substrate.
That porous polymer then serves as a template, which the researchers coats with a thin layer of aluminum oxide using atomic layer deposition.
The polymer is burned then off leaving behind a three-dimensional aluminum oxide coating.""We are able to control the thickness of the aluminum oxide,
"Using zinc oxide in the same process, we can create a thicker coating. And the thickness of the coating controls
and allows us to design the refractive index of the film.""Regardless of the how thick the coating is,
usually a transition metal oxide. If a voltage is applied then, the ohmic resistance of the storage cell changes.
According to the researchers, the aim of the research was to prepare an injectable paste made of bioglass and sodium alginate polymer with biocompatibility properties.
Results of the research have been published in Journal of the Australian Ceramics Society vol. 51, issue 2, 2015, pp. 99-108 8
This change in reflectivity, in turn, switches how nearby erbium ions emit light. As the VO2 changes phase, the erbium emissions go from being generated mostly by magnetic dipole transitions (the rotational torque push
For example, common methods to diagnose lysozyme protein are Turbidity Meter, Lyso-rocket electrophoresis and ELISA.
Finding could have implications for high-temperature superconductivity A team of physicists led by Caltech's David Hsieh has discovered an unusual form of matter--not a conventional metal, insulator,
first consider a crystal with electrons moving around throughout its interior. Under certain conditions, it can be energetically favorable for these electrical charges to pile up in a regular,
repeating fashion inside the crystal, forming what is called a charge-ordered phase. The building block of this type of order, namely charge, is simply a scalar quantity--that is,
When spins line up parallel to each other (in a crystal, for example), they form a ferromagnet--the type of magnet you might use on your refrigerator
The Hsieh group's experiment exploited the fact that changes in the symmetry of a crystal will affect the strength of each harmonic differently.
Since the emergence of multipolar ordering changes the symmetry of the crystal in a very specific way--a way that can be largely invisible to conventional probes--their idea was that the optical harmonic response of a crystal could serve as a fingerprint of multipolar order."
"We found that light reflected at the second harmonic frequency revealed a set of symmetries completely different from those of the known crystal structure,
of metal-organic frameworks (MOFS)- sponge-like 3d crystals with an extraordinarily large internal surface area-that feature flexible gas-adsorbing pores.
a chemist with Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and the University of California (UC) Berkeley who is leading this research."
"Long is the corresponding author of a Nature paper that describes this work entitled,"Methane storage in flexible metal-organic frameworks with intrinsic thermal management."
because the gas must force its way into the MOF crystal structure, opening and expanding the pores.
"In addition, Long says, the step in the adsorption isotherm is associated with a structural phase change in the MOF crystal that reduces the amount of heat released upon filling the tank,
The synthesized magnetic composite is separated from the solution phase in the presence of a magnetic field in a short time through this method.
Results showed that the synthesized composite can be used as an effective sorbent to purify water contaminated by fluoride due to its simple and quick separation, high efficiency and the lack of the creation of secondary pollution in the solution.
The composite can be reused even after five times of application and it can be recycled only by using acidic solution.
#New metal-organic framework material captures carbon at half the energy cost UC Berkeley chemists have made a major leap forward in carbon-capture technology with a material that can
Diamine-Appended Metal-Organic Frameworks The diamine-appended metal-organic framework before and after binding of carbon dioxide.
MOFS are composites of metals--in this case magnesium or manganese--with organic compounds that, together, form a porous structure with microscopic, parallel channels.
Several years ago, Long and his lab colleagues developed a way to attach amines to the metals in an MOF to produce pores of sufficient diameter to allow CO2 to penetrate rapidly into the material.
The pressure at which CO2 binds to the amines can be adjusted by changing the metal in the MOF.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011