#Cells press down to make wounds heal faster National University of Singapore rightoriginal Studyposted by Karen Loh-NUS on September 12 2014scientists have uncovered more details about how our bodies repair wounds.
They say having a clearer idea of how the process works might help researchers develop drugs that speed up healing.
Earlier studies identified two processes at play in mending injury in the body. One involves the"purse-string"mechanism where a ring of proteins forms at the edge of a wound
Professor Benoit Ladoux co-principal investigator at the Mechanobiology Institute at the National University of Singapore and colleagues created a technique to measure the cell-generated nanoscale forces behind wound healing.
as well as Paris Diderot University in France and the University of Waterloo in Canada. Source: National University of Singapor r
#Fake platelets could keep you from bleeding to death Emory University Georgia Institute of technology rightoriginal Studyposted by John Toon-Georgia Tech on September 9 2014a new class of synthetic platelet
-like particles could give doctors a new option for curbing surgical bleeding and addressing certain blood clotting disorders without the need for transfusions of natural platelets.
##Fibrin production is on the back end of the clotting process so we feel that it is a safer place to try to interact with it##says Tom Barker associate professor of biomedical engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University and a co-corresponding author of the paper.##
which can be difficult to obtain##says Wilbur Lam another coauthor and a physician in the Aflac Cancer and Blood disorders Center at Children s Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics at the Emory University School of medicine.##
##In addition to providing new treatment options the particles could also cut costs by reducing costly natural transfusions says Lam assistant professor in the biomedical engineering department at Georgia Tech and Emory University.
Other researchers from Georgia Tech Emory Chapman University and Arizona State university are also coauthors of the paper.
additional support came from the University of Chicago Research Computing Center. The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation funded the study.
Additional researchers contributed to the study from Argonne University of Chicago Washington University in St louis and the University of Colorado at Boulder.
University of Chicago You are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license i
#Daily marijuana use at 30-year high on campus University of Michigan rightoriginal Studyposted by Jared Wadley-Michigan on September 8 2014 In 2013 39 percent of American
college students indicated they d used an illicit drug in the preceding year that s up from 34 percent in the 2006 survey.
Daily marijuana use is now at the highest rate among college students in more than three decades.
Half (51 percent) of all full-time college students today have used an illicit drug at some time in their lives.
or more such drugs in just the 12 months preceding the survey The results are based on a nationally representative sample of some 1100 students enrolled full time in a 2-or 4-year college in spring 2013.
The survey is part of the long-term Monitoring the Future (MTF) study which also tracks substance use among the nation s secondary students
Marijuana has remained the most widely used illicit drug over the 34 years that MTF has tracked substance use by college students
In 2006 30 percent of the nation s college students said they used marijuana in the prior 12 months
This is the highest rate of daily use observed among college students since 1981 a third of a century ago says Lloyd Johnston the principal investigator of the MTF study.
In other words one in every 20 college students was smoking pot on a daily or near-daily basis in 2013 including one in every 11 males and one in every 34 females.
To put this into a longer-term perspective from 1990 to 1994 fewer than one in 50 college students used marijuana that frequently.
Nonmedical use of the amphetamine Adderall used by some students to stay awake and concentrate when preparing for tests
or trying to finish homework ranks second among the illicit drugs being used in college. Eleven percent of college students in 2013 or one in every nine indicated some Adderall use without medical supervision in the prior 12 months.
The use of psychostimulants including Adderall and Ritalin has doubled nearly since the low point in 2008 though there was no further increase in this measure between 2012 and 2013.
The next most frequently used illicit drugs by college students are ecstasy hallucinogens and narcotic drugs other than heroin with each of these three having about 5 percent of college students reporting any use in the prior 12 months.
Ecstasy use after declining considerably between 2002 and 2007 from 9. 2 percent annual prevalence to 2. 2 percent has made somewhat of a comeback on campus. It rose to 5. 8 percent using in the prior 12 months in 2012
Hallucinogen use among college students has remained at about 5 percent since 2007 following an earlier period of decline.
The use of narcotic drugs other than heroin like Vicodin and Oxycontin peaked in 2006 with 8. 8 percent of college students indicating any past-year use without medical supervision.
Past-year use of these dangerous drugs by college students has declined since to 5. 4 percent in 2012 where it remained in 2013.
and other shops ranked fairly high in 2011 with past-year use at more than 7 percent of college students that year.
since however to just over 2 percent in 2013 (secondary school students have shown a similar recent drop in their use of synthetic marijuana according to the Monitoring the Future annual surveys of middle and high school students).
since 2009 when it was added first to the study from 5. 8 percent of college students reporting use in the prior 12 months to just 1 percent in 2013.
The use of some other illicit drugs by college students also has declined in the past decade including crack cocaine powder cocaine tranquilizers and hallucinogens other than LSD
Another encouraging result is that a number of illicit drugs have been used in the prior 12 months by fewer than 1 percent of college students in 2013.
In general female college students (who are now in the majority) are less likely to use these drugs than are their male counterparts.
For example 40 percent of college males used marijuana in the past year compared to 33 percent of college females.
Daily or near-daily use of marijuana was concentrated particularly among college males with nearly 9 percent of them indicating marijuana use on 20
or more occasions in the prior 30 days compared with only 3 percent of college females.
There remains plenty of alcohol use on the nation s college campuses with about three quarters (76 percent) of college students indicating drinking at least once in the past 12 months
Averaged across years 2005 to 2013 they find that one in eight (13 percent) college students had 10
To some degree these declines may reflect the declines observed among high school seniors before they even went off to college
and are at historic lows among high school students. The age peers of college students that is young adults who are also one to four years out of high school
but are not full-time college students have roughly equivalent proportions to college students in their past-year use of any illicit drug or any illicit drug other than marijuana.
They also have quite similar rates of several specific drugs including past-year use of marijuana ecstasy hallucinogens other than LSD and extreme binge drinking.
However they are twice as likely as college students to be daily marijuana users and they have annual prevalence rates of use for several particularly dangerous drugs that are roughly two to three times as high as rates found among college students.
These include crack cocaine crystal methamphetamine heroin and narcotic drugs other than heroin (including Oxycontin and Vicodin specifically).
what it is among college students but they have a somewhat lower rate of having been drunk in the prior 30 days (34 percent) than do college students (40 percent).
Source: University of Michiganyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license e
#Heart disease could be written on your face University of Rochester rightoriginal Studyposted by Mark Michaud-Rochester on September 2 2014new technology that uses software algorithms
and a web camera can detect subtle changes in facial skin color that indicate the uneven blood flow caused by atrial fibrillation a treatable but potentially dangerous heart condition.##
and diagnose cardiac disease using contactless video monitoring##says Jean-Philippe Couderc from the University of Rochester Medical center s Heart Research Follow-up Program.
Other researchers from University of Rochester and from Xerox Corp. contributed to the study which was funded by Xerox and the Center for Emerging and Innovative Sciences.
University of Rochesteryou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license h
#Low-carb beats low-fat in weight loss study Tulane University rightoriginal Studyposted by Keith Brannon-Tulane on September 2 2014new research adds heft to claims that low-carb
The results challenge the perception that low-fat diets are always better for the heart says lead author Lydia Bazzano professor in nutrition research at Tulane University School of Public health and Tropical Medicine.##
or rectally offer a way to slow the spread of the virus notes lead researcher Toral Zaveri postdoctoral scholar in the food science department at Penn State.
As part of the research Zaveri who earned her doctorate in biomedical engineering at the University of Florida conducted extensive sensory-perception testing to assess acceptability of the suppositories among women.
not only but also that real skin regeneration is occurring##says Zhaoli Sun director of transplant biology research at Johns Hopkins School of medicine.##
Johns hopkins university School of medicine s Transplant Biology Research center and a gift from the family of Francesc Gines supported the research.
#Simple alerts can cut infections from catheters University of Pennsylvania rightoriginal Studyposted by Lee-Ann Landis Donegan-Penn on August 26 2014simpler automatic alerts in electronic health
The study was conducted among 222475 inpatient admissions in the three hospitals of the University of Pennsylvania Health System between March 2009 and May 2012.
University of Pennsylvaniayou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license t
In developing countries keeping track of a baby s vaccine schedule on paper is largely ineffective says Anil Jain professor of computer science and engineering at Michigan State university.##
##Solving the puzzle of fingerprinting young children will have far-reaching implications beyond health care including the development of civil registries government benefits tracking and education recordkeeping.##
##Kai Cao postdoctoral researcher and Sunpreet Arora doctoral student are coauthors of the study. The findings will be presented at the International Joint Conference on Biometrics on Oct 2.
Lead researcher Kaye Morgan from Monash University says the imaging method allows doctors to look at soft tissue structures for example the brain airways
and progress new treatments to the clinic at a much quicker rate a key goal of co-authors Martin Donnelley and David Parsons of the CF Gene therapy group at the Women s and Children s Hospital and the University
Monash University You are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license e
#This protein may explain why Ebola is so deadly Washington University in St louis rightoriginal Studyposted by Michael Purdy-WUSTL on August 14 2014discovery of a protein that makes the Ebola virus so effective at evading the immune systemâ
##We ve known for a long time that infection with Ebola obstructs an important arm in our immune system that is activated by molecules called interferons##says senior author Gaya Amarasinghe assistant professor of pathology
and immunology at University of Washington in St louis.##Now that our map of the combined structure of these two proteins has revealed one critical way Ebola does this the information it provides will guide the development of new treatments.##
##Coauthor Christopher Basler professor of microbiology at Mount sinai Hospital was the first to show that VP24
& Microbe Amarasinghe and Daisy Leung assistant professor of pathology and immunology show that VP24 tightly binds to a nuclear transporter a protein that takes molecules into
The group includes researchers at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai Washington University the University of Texas Southwestern Medical center Howard University and Microbiotix Inc. a Massachussetts biopharmaceutical company Source:
Washington University in St. Louisyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license
#Scientists are a step closer to making blood cells on demand Monash University rightoriginal Studyposted by Glynis Smalley-Monash on August 14 2014by watching how zebrafish embryos developâ#scientists are starting to unravel theâ#mystery
Lead researcher Peter Currie a professor at Monash University says that understanding how HSCS self-renew to replenish blood cells is a##Holy grail##of stem cell biology.##
#These 3 types of gut microbes flourish in preemies Washington University in St louis rightoriginal Studyposted by Elizabethe Holland Durando-WUSTL on August 12 2014scientists believe babies are born with digestive systems containing few
However in infants born prematurely researchers at Washington University School of medicine in St louis have found that the population of bacteria in babies gastrointestinal tracts may depend more on their biological makeup and gestational age at birth than on environmental factors.
but we know very little about how these microbial communities assemble##says senior author Phillip I. Tarr professor of pediatrics.##
Collaborators at the Genome Institute at Washington University School of medicine used DNA sequencing to tally the bacterial populations in 922 stool samples from 58 premature infants.
or treatment of NEC##says co-first author Barbara Warner a professor of pediatrics who treats patients at St louis Children s Hospital.##
Washington University in St. Louisyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license i
professor of neurosurgery at University of Michigan. his is an incredibly novel and exciting development,
Graduate student Gregory J. Baker is the first author. The National Institute of Neurological disorders & Stroke supported the research e
says Yale School of medicine professor and lead author Sabrina Diano. ur findings could eventually lead to new treatments for diabetes.
Diano, a professor in the departments of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive sciences, and her team discovered that this enzyme is important
says senior author Hongjie Dai, professor of chemistry at Stanford university. Furthermore, it does not appear to have any adverse affect on innate brain functions. he NIR-IIA light can pass through intact scalp skin
who conducted the research as a graduate student in Dai lab and is now a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard university. ll we have to remove is some hair.
and Harvard Medical school a
#Mutated gene causes heart defect in Newfoundland dogs Researchers have discovered a gene mutation that causes a deadly heart defect in Newfoundland dogs.
says Joshua Stern, a veterinary cardiologist at the University of California, Davis, who led the study. n addition,
whether a dog carries the PICALM mutation are now available through North carolina State university College of Veterinary medicine
Pfizer Animal health training grant, and the Newfoundland Club of America supported the research, which appears online in the journal Human genetics r
says Sherman Fan, professor of biomedical engineering at University of Michigan. or diabetes, acetone is a marker, for example.
an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, and Girish Kulkarni, a doctoral candidate in electrical engineering. The device is faster, smaller,
University of Michiga c
#Breathe on labels to know if drugs are counterfeit Counterfeit drugs make up to one-third of the pharmaceutical drug market in some countries.
says Nicholas Kotov, professor of chemical engineering, who led the University of Michigan effort. The method requires access to sophisticated equipment that can create very tiny features, roughly 500 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
But once the template is made, labels can be printed in large rolls at a cost of roughly one dollar per square inch.
The university is pursuing patent protection for the intellectual property and is seeking commercialization partners to help bring the technology to market.
University of Michiga s
#This can make the organs in your body transparent Scientists have developed a way to see through tissues, organs,
an assistant professor of biology at the California Institute of technology (Caltech) and the principal investigator whose team has developed the new techniques,
By making clever use of an organism own network of blood vessels, Gradinaru and her colleaguesncluding scientific researcher Bin Yang and postdoctoral scholar Jennifer Treweek, coauthors on the paperan quickly deliver the lipid
and RNARADINARU and her team collaborated with Long Cai, an assistant professor of chemistry at Caltech,
and plans to offer training sessions to researchers interested in learning how to use PACT
says Cameron Ball, a doctoral student in bioengineering at the University of Washington. FAST DELIVERY The team
led by bioengineering assistant professor Kim Woodrow, previously found that electrically spun cloth could be dissolved to release drugs.
associate professor of chemical and biological engineering at the New york University School of engineering. ee known that phosphotriesterases had the power to detoxify these nerve agents,
Montclare and Richard Bonneau, an associate professor in NYU biology department, have patented the process. Plans are under way to begin developing therapeutic applications.
Zhang is now a student at Cornell University. The US ARMY Research Office and the National Science Foundation supported the research p
#Depressed preschoolers still suffer years later Children diagnosed with depression in preschool are 2. 5 times more likely to have the condition in elementary and middle school, report researchers. t the same old bad
who directs Washington University Early Emotional Development Program. ut the good news is that if we can identify depression early,
More than 51 percent of the 74 children who originally were diagnosed as preschoolers also were depressed as school age kids.
Only 24 percent of the 172 children who were depressed not as preschoolers went on to develop depression during their elementary and middle school years.
Luby group also found that school age children had a high risk of depression if their mothers were depressed.
And they noted that children diagnosed with a conduct disorder as preschoolers had elevated an risk of depression by school age and early adolescence,
But neither a mother with depression nor a conduct disorder in preschool increased the risk for later depression as much as a diagnosis of depression during preschool years. reschool depression predicted school age depression over and above any of the other well-established risk factors,
says lead author Seema Khan, professor of surgery and professor of cancer research at Northwestern University Feinberg School of medicine.
says Linwah Yip, assistant professor of surgery in the University of Pittsburgh School of medicine. Yip says without the test a second surgery to remove the thyroid was required often
a professor in the pathology department. hyroid cancer is usually very curable, and we are getting closer to quickly
director of the division of reproductive endocrinology and infertility at University of Florida. lomid has been available for fertility treatment for more than 40 years,
HOW THEY WORK Christman oversaw one of the trial sites as one of the principal investigators at the University of Michigan.
says David S. Guzick, senior vice president for health affairs and president of University of Florida Health,
University of Florid o
#Vaccine triggers alarm to fight dust mite allergy A new vaccine uses a booster normally found in cancer vaccines to combat dust-mite allergies by naturally switching the body immune response.
says Aliasger Salem, professor in pharmaceutical sciences at University of Iowa and a corresponding author of the paper.
public health professor and a contributing author of the paper. his work suggests a way forward to alleviate mite-induced asthma in allergy sufferers.
University of Iow S
#Lack of sleep can cause false memories When people suffer from sleep deprivation, they tend to misremember details of events,
an associate professor of psychology at Michigan State university. nd people are getting less sleep each night than they ever have.
Using the fly ear structure as a model, Neal Hall, an assistant professor of engineering at the University of Texas at Austin,
and his graduate students built a miniature pressure-sensitive device out of silicon that replicates the fly super-evolved hearing structure.
Hall credits the pioneering work of Ronald Miles at Binghamton University and Ronald Hoy at Cornell University,
a postdoctoral research scholar at Washington University in St louis. ee been searching for a single step that all those various proteins have to take to be secreted,
professor of medicine and of molecular microbiology and a Howard hughes medical institute investigator at Washington University studies how malaria affects red blood cells.
associate professor of psychology at University of Arizona. ut sleep problems that persist for an extended period may mean something different.
who earned her bachelor degree in psychology from University of Arizona and is now pursuing her doctorate in clinical psychology at the University of Florida. f somebody is going through a divorce and unable to sleep,
they really need to get some help or it could lead to problems. We are all going to go through something stressful in our lives,
Lead researcher Bayden Wood, an associate professor at Monash University, says to reduce mortality and prevent the overuse of antimalarial drugs,
Professor Leann Tilley from the University of Melbourne says the test could make an impact in large-scale screening of malaria parasite carriers who do not present the classic fever-type symptoms associated with the disease. n many countries only
says Jon Pierce-Shimomura, assistant professor at University of Texas at Austin. An alcohol target is any neuronal molecule that binds alcohol,
and graduate student Scott Davis, could be inserted into mice. These modified mice would allow scientists to investigate
Research associate Luisa Scott and undergraduate student Kevin Hu were also coauthors of the study. The ABMRF/The Foundation for Alcohol Research, the National Institute on Alcohol abuse and Alcoholism,
and the Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research at the University of Texas at Austin provided funding for the study.
University of Texas at Austi r
#Fewer strokes for older Americans, but experts worry The number of older Americans who suffer strokes
professor of epidemiology at Johns hopkins university. his research points out the areas that need improvement. It also reminds us that there are many forces threatening to push stroke rates back up and,
says study leader Silvia Koton, a visiting faculty member at the Bloomberg School and incoming nursing chair at Tel aviv University.
for several years, says Bruce Hammock, professor at University of California, Davis, and senior author of a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. e were surprised to find that the dual inhibitor was more active than higher doses of each compound,
a University of Kansas assistant professor of sociology and the study lead author, says the study findings are significant
OMETHING UNIQUE ABOUT DEPRESSIONWHEN the researchers adjusted for factors such as marital status, education, employment status, family income, alcohol consumption, level of physical activity, smoking status, body mass, functional limitations,
The National Institute on Aging and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-funded University of Colorado Population Center supported the research project d
says Robert Koenekoop, professor of human genetics, pediatric surgery, and ophthalmology at Mcgill University. t is giving hope to many patients who suffer from this devastating retinal degeneration.
Published in the Lancet, the study involved 14 participants from around the world with LCA ranging in age from 6 to 38 years old.
Researchers from Mcgill University, Johns hopkins university, and Stanford university contributed to the study, which was funded by QLT Inc, the Foundation Fighting Blindness Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Fonds de recherche du Québec-Santé,
and heart damage, says co-lead author Jason Cole of the University of Queensland School of Chemistry
University of Queensland Professor Mark Walker, in collaboration with Emory University and University of California, San diego, are working on additional preclinical testing of the modified vaccine.
The University of California, San diego Program in Excellence in Glycosciences, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust,
University of Queenslan
#Common virus targets triple-negative breast cancer A virus not known to cause disease kills triple-negative breast cancer cells
says Craig Meyers, professor of microbiology and immunology at the Penn State College of Medicine.
says Rustem Ismagilov, a professor of chemistry and chemical engineering at the California Institute of technology (Caltech). There are thousands of species of microbes in one sample from the human gut,
To do this, Liang Ma, a postdoctoral scholar in Ismagilov lab developed a way to isolate
says Karl Deisseroth, professor of bioengineering and of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford university. The first problem was that laboratories were not set up to reliably carry out the CLARITY process.
and Li Ye and graduate student Brian Hsueh, anticipate that even more scientists will now be able to take advantage of the technique to better understand the brain at a fundamental level,
#Living near pesticides in pregnancy ups autism risk University of California Davis rightoriginal Studyposted by Phyllis Brown-UC Davis on June 23 2014pregnant women living
and prenatal exposure to agricultural chemicals in California##says lead study author Janie F. Shelton a University of California Davis graduate student who now consults with the United nations.##
and professor and vice chair of the department of public health sciences at UC Davis.##What we saw were several classes of pesticides more commonly applied near residences of mothers
and inhibition mechanisms that govern mood learning social interactions and behavior.####In that early developmental gestational period the brain is developing synapses the spaces between neurons where electrical impulses are turned into neurotransmitting chemicals that leap from one neuron to another to pass messages along##Â#Hertz
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