Synopsis: Domenii: Ict: Ict generale: Computer: Computer components:


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Stanford s Cyber-X Initiative will focus on the core themes of trustworthiness and governance of networks.

CSAIL is home to much of the technology that is at the core of cybersecurity such as the RSA cryptography algorithm that protects most online financial transactions and the development of web standards via the MIT-based World wide web Consortium.


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With these modifications nitroxides can circulate for several hours in a mouse s bloodstream long enough to obtain useful MRI images.

The mouse liver produces Vitamin c so once the particles reached the liver they grabbed electrons from Vitamin c turning off the MRI signal


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and Lu treat an entire population of cells as an analog hard drive greatly increasing the total amount of information that can be stored


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The center will have three core functions: to advance the field by funding research proposals; to help individual research projects proceed more efficiently through shared services such as a regional sample facility or support for regulatory compliance;


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3-D printing. Until recently, Spielberg worked in the MIT Media Lab with Neri Oxman, the Sony Corporation Career development Assistant professor of Media Arts and Sciences, graduate students Steven Keating and John Klein,

As part of the Mediated Matter Group, he focused on converting a robotic arm to a computer controlled arm, capable of printing projects, like houses.

Outside the box Ordinarily, 3-D printing occurs inside a box limiting the size of printable objects to that of the printer housing.

It analogous to how an office printer cartridge runs back and forth, but on a much grander scale:

Spielberg jumped to the other end of the 3-D printing spectrum, moving from walls to nanoscale fluidic chips.

Once again, Spielberg role in the lab is with optimizing the 3-D printer that makes the device.


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or hardware issues, and that where our system can significantly reduce the amount of effort spent by researchers to pinpoint the causes,


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i-Teams draft the two professors earned a Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation grant in 2009 allowing for the first demonstration of the hardware showing a 77 percent gain in efficiency over standard systems.

#Spinning out a company has been the best way to validate the technology especially with novel power-electronics hardware Dawson says.

In introducing new hardware you not only have to be better than the product of today


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Courtesy of Juan Aragones Josh Steimel and Alfredo Alexander-Katzfull Screen The next step is to test the approach in more complex settings.


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Personalized treatmentsthis system could be used in combination with hundreds of existing mouse strains that have been engineered to express known cancer genes allowing researchers to study more thoroughly the interactions of multiple genes.


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In my opinion the best nanosystems are going to be done by 3-D printing because it would bypass the problems of standard microfabrication Velsquez-Garca says.

3-D printing is going to make a big difference in the kinds of systems we can put together


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#High-speed biologics screen MIT engineers have devised a way to rapidly test hundreds of different drug-delivery vehicles in living animals making it easier to discover promising new ways to deliver a class of drugs called biologics

The lipidoid material screen is just an example demonstrated in this article; a similar strategy can be extended readily to other libraries

If we can pick up certain design features from the screens it can guide us to design larger combinatorial libraries based on these leads Yanik says.


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Using those mouse models we found that we could perfectly recapitulate these exact metabolic changes during the earliest stages of cancer Vander Heiden says.


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Indeed Bhattacharyya built the main structural components of the robot using a 3-D printer in Asada s lab. Half of the robot the half with the flattened panel is waterproof and houses the electronics.


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Zhao says the same basic approach could eventually lead to production of large, flexible display screens and antifouling coatings for ships.


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has developed a platform hardware, software, and cloud services that lets manufacturers pick and choose various components

and display that info to a user, says Downey, Airware CEO, who researched and built drones throughout his time at MIT.

and collects and displays data. Airware then pushes all data to the cloud, where it aggregated and analyzed,

or underlying hardware, they just need to connect their software or piece of hardware to the platform,

viewing companies that monitor crops and infrastructure with drones that require specific cameras and sensors as potential early customers.

the development of a standard operating system for drones is analogous to Intel processors and Microsoft DOS paving the way for personal computers in the 1980s.

Then came Intel processors and DOS. Suddenly engineers could build computers around the standard processor and create software on the operating system,

without needing to know details of the underlying hardware. ee doing the same thing for the drone space,

Downey says. here are 600 companies building differing versions of drone hardware. We think they need the Intel processor of the drones,

if you will, and that operating system-level software component, too like the DOS for drones.

The benefits are far-reaching, Downey says: rone companies, for instance, want to build drones and tailor them for different applications without having to build everything from scratch,

it good for the FAA if all of them had reliable and common hardware and software,


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or wireless gloves to seamlessly scroll through and manipulate visual data on a wall-sized, panoramic screen.

and control digital content across multiple screens, from any device, using gesture control. Overall, the major benefit in such a system lies in boosting productivity during meetings,

Mezzanine surrounds a conference room with multiple screens, as well as the rainsof the system (a small server) that controls and syncs everything.

That meant the team could make any projected surface a veritable computer screen, and the data could interact with,

Seeing this technology on the big screen inspired Underkoffler to refine his MIT technology, launch Oblong in 2006,

Having tens of millions of viewers seeing the technology on the big screen, however, offered a couple of surprising perks for Oblong,

Additionally, being part of a big-screen production helped Underkoffler and Oblong better explain their own technology to clients,

so theye instantly legible on screen is really close to the refinement you need to undertake

and leave a really compact core of user-interface ideas we have today. After years of writing custom projects for clients on g-speak,


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Although the hardware is impressive much innovation is in Medeye s software which cross-references (and updates) the results in the patient s records.

At the core of the startup is this belief that better information technology in hospitals can both increase efficiency


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First they used their engram-labeling protocol to tag neurons associated with either a rewarding experience (for male mice socializing with a female mouse) or an unpleasant experience (a mild electrical shock.


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This week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences researchers at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT report that they have delivered successfully small RNA therapies in a clinically relevant mouse model of lung cancer to slow

This mouse model reflects many of the hallmarks of human lung cancer and is used often in preclinical trials.

Researchers then compared mouse survival time among four treatment options:##no treatment; treatment with cisplatin a small-molecule standard-care chemotherapy drug;

We took the best mouse model for lung cancer we could find we found the best nanoparticle we could use


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Photo courtesy of the researchersfull Screen As soon as researchers successfully demonstrated that this system could work in cells other than bacteria Niles started to think about using it to manipulate Plasmodium falciparum.


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To investigate the potential usefulness of CRISPR for creating mouse models of cancer the researchers first used it to knock out p53 and pten

Many models possiblethe researchers also used CRISPR to create a mouse model with an oncogene called beta catenin


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Commodity hardware In other experiments however, they used an ordinary digital camera. Because of a quirk in the design of most camerassensors, the researchers were able to infer information about high-frequency vibrations even from video recorded at a standard 60 frames per second.

it less expensive to design the sensor hardware so that it reads off the measurements of one row of photodetectors at a time.


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#Vision-correcting displays Researchers at the MIT Media Laboratory and the University of California at Berkeley have developed a new display technology that automatically corrects for vision defects no glasses (or contact lenses) required.

The technique could lead to dashboard-mounted GPS displays that farsighted drivers can consult without putting their glasses on

The first spectacles were invented in the 13th century says Gordon Wetzstein a research scientist at the Media Lab and one of the display's co-creators.

We have a different solution that basically puts the glasses on the display rather than on your head.

Wetzstein and his colleagues describe their display in a paper they're presenting in August at Siggraph the premier graphics conference.

The display is a variation on a glasses-free 3-D technology also developed by the Camera Culture group.

Essentially the new display simulates an image at the correct focal distance somewhere between the display and the viewer's eye.

The difficulty with this approach is that simulating a single pixel in the virtual image requires multiple pixels of the physical display.

which light would arrive from the same image displayed on the screen. So the physical pixels projecting light to the right side of the pupil have to be offset to the left

The use of multiple on-screen pixels to simulate a single virtual pixel would drastically reduce the image resolution.

and colleagues solved in their 3-D displays which also had to project different images at different angles.

The MIT and Berkeley researchers were able to adapt that algorithm to the problem of vision correction so the new display incurs only a modest loss in resolution.

In the researchers prototype however display pixels do have to be masked from the parts of the pupil for which they re not intended.

That requires that a transparency patterned with an array of pinholes be laid over the screen blocking more than half the light it emits.

instead using two liquid-crystal displays (LCDS) in parallel. Carefully tailoring the images displayed on the LCDS to each other allows the system to mask perspectives

Wetzstein envisions that commercial versions of a vision-correcting screen would use the same technique.

Indeed he says the same screens could both display 3-D content and correct for vision defects all glasses-free.

MIT researchers explain how their vision-correcting display technology works. The key thing is they seem to have cracked the contrast problem Dainty adds.

Dainty believes that the most intriguing application of the technology is in dashboard displays. Most people over 50 55 quite probably see in the distance fine


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In using Affdex Affectiva recruits participants to watch advertisements in front of their computer webcams tablets and smartphones.

But if a smirk subtle asymmetric lip curls separate from smiles comes at a moment when information appears on the screen it may indicate skepticism or doubt.

and can avoid tracking any other movement on screen. One of Affectiva s long-term goals is to usher in a mood-aware Internet to improve users experiences.


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#Making the cut Diode lasers used in laser pointers barcode scanners DVD players and other low-power applications are perhaps the most efficient compact and low-cost lasers available.

At the core of the Terablade is a power-scaling technique known as wavelength beam combining (WBC


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But it could also lead to benefits such as smaller batteries and less hardware which would lower costs for manufacturers and consumers.

Courtesy of Witricity Corp. Full Screen The Witricity technology can charge an electric car with the vehicle parked about a foot above the transmitting pad.

Courtesy of Witricity Corp. Full Screen Stronger couplingsimilar wireless charging technologies have been around for some time. For instance traditional induction charging


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The result of this screen, Jaws, retained its red-light sensitivity but had a much stronger photocurrent enough to shut down neural activity. his exemplifies how the genomic diversity of the natural world can yield powerful reagents that can be of use in biology and neuroscience,

the researchers were able to shut down neuronal activity in the mouse brain with a light source outside the animal head.

Roska and Busskamp tested the Jaws protein in the mouse retina and found that it more closely resembled the eye natural opsins


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#Researchers unveil experimental 36-core chip The more cores or processing units a computer chip has,

the bigger the problem of communication between cores becomes. For years, Li-Shiuan Peh, the Singapore Research Professor of Electrical engineering and Computer science at MIT, has argued that the massively multicore chips of the future will need to resemble little Internets,

where each core has associated an router, and data travels between cores in packets of fixed size.

This week, at the International Symposium on Computer architecture, Peh group unveiled a 36-core chip that features just such a etwork-on-Chip in addition to implementing many of the group earlier ideas

it also solves one of the problems that has bedeviled previous attempts to design networks-on-chip:

In today chips, all the cores typically somewhere between two and six are connected by a single wire,

. When two cores need to communicate, theye granted exclusive access to the bus. But that approach won work as the core count mounts:

Cores will spend all their time waiting for the bus to free up, rather than performing computations.

In a network-on-chip, each core is connected only to those immediately adjacent to it. ou can reach your neighbors really quickly,

Every core on a chip has its own cache a local, high-speed memory bank in which it stores frequently used data.

if another core needs the data before it been shipped? Most chips address this question with a protocol called noopy,

When a core needs a particular chunk of data, it broadcasts a request to all the other cores,

If all the cores share a bus, then when one of them receives a data request,

Similarly, when the requesting core gets data back, it knows that it the most recent version of the data.

and packets will frequently arrive at different cores in different sequences. The implicit ordering that the snoopy protocol relies on breaks down.

All they can do is declare that their associated cores have sent requests for data over the main network.

Groups of declarations reach the routers associated with the cores at discrete intervals intervals corresponding to the time it takes to pass from one end of the shadow network to another.

and by which other cores. The requests themselves may still take a while to arrive,

During each interval, the chip 36 cores are given different, hierarchical priorities. Say, for instance, that during one interval,

both core 1 and core 10 issue requests, but core 1 has a higher priority.

Core 32 router may receive core 10 request well before it receives core 1 . But it will hold it until it passed along 1. This hierarchical ordering simulates the chronological ordering of requests sent over a bus,

so the snoopy protocol still works. The hierarchy is shuffled during every interval, however, to ensure that in the long run,

all the cores receive equal weight. Cache coherence in multicore chips s a big problem, and it one that gets larger all the time,

modified to run on 36 cores, and evaluate the performance of real applications, to determine the accuracy of the group theoretical projections.

At that point, she plans to release the blueprints for the chip, written in the hardware description language Verilog,


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KGS Buildingsfoundation The KGS cofounders met as participants in the MIT entry for the 2007 Solar Decathlon an annual competition where college teams build small-scale, solar-powered homes to display at the National Mall


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flat-screen TVS, gaming consoles, laptops, electric bikes, and air conditioners, while reducing the cost of manufacturing.


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#Glasses-free 3-D projector Over the past three years, researchers in the Camera Culture group at the MIT Media Lab have refined steadily a design for a glasses-free, multiperspective, 3-D video screen,

which are like tiny liquid-crystal displays (LCDS) positioned between the light source and the lens. Patterns of light and dark on the first modulator effectively turn it into a bank of slightly angled light emitters that is,

The screen combines two lenticular lenses the type of striated transparent sheets used to create crude 3-D effects in,

Exploiting redundancy For every frame of video, each modulator displays six different patterns which together produce eight different viewing angles:

But like the researchersprototype monitors, the projector takes advantage of the fact that, as you move around an object,

One of the problems with LCD screens is that they don enable rue black A little light always leaks through even the darkest regions of the display. ormally you have contrast of,

is the prototype screen. here is this invariant of optical systems that says that if you take the area of the plane

We couldn figure out a way around that. hey came up with a screen that instead of stretching the image


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Think of it as a reverse crane says Glass who invented the core BAT technology. A crane has a nice stationary component


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The MIT team designed their liposomes to carry doxorubicin inside the particle core, with erlotinib embedded in the outer layer.


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we need ways to monitor neural function deep in the brain with spatial, temporal, and functional precision, he says.

An area known as the nucleus accumbens core, known to be one of the main targets of dopamine from the VTA,


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But the core technology began as a bit of aerospace ingenuity and has since found its way back to space.


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The researchers also believe this test could be exploited to screen for new drugs that inhibit


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and to monitor whether treatments are having the desired effect according to the researchers who describe the device in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of April 21.


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Several of these prototype designs with exposed mechanical parts and looping wires are on permanent display at the MIT Media Lab. Still today Herr can remember stepping into the group s first bionic leg prototype and then back

One could just bolt these pieces together to produce a humanoid hardware platform Herr says.


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and privacy filters for display screens. The work is described in a paper appearing this week in the journal Science,

The filtering could also be applied to display screens on phones or computers so only those viewing from directly in front could see them.


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the researchers sorted more than 350 mouse retinal neurons into 15 types, including six that were unidentified previously.


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He used the lab s 3-D printer to build the mold in which he cast the fish s tail


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It would be impractical to do this kind of large-scale protein screen in patients, but it could be possible to test samples for certain proteins using antibodies,


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#Cochlear implants with no exterior hardware Cochlear implants medical devices that electrically stimulate the auditory nerve have granted at least limited hearing to hundreds of thousands of people worldwide who otherwise would be totally deaf.

low-power signal processing chip that could lead to a cochlear implant that requires no external hardware.

Lowering the power requirements of the converter chip was the key to dispensing with the skull-mounted hardware.

and found a low-power way to implement it in hardware. Two of their collaborators at MEEI Konstantina Stankovic, an ear surgeon who co-led the study with Chandrakasan,


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and implements those changes into a running Linux kernel an operating system s core data-processing component.


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All the hardware it requires can already be found in commercial lidar systems; the new system just deploys that hardware in a manner more in tune with the physics of low light-level imaging and natural scenes.

Count the photonsas Ahmed Kirmani a graduate student in MIT s Department of Electrical engineering and Computer science and lead author on the new paper explains the very idea of forming an image with only a single photon detected at each pixel location is counterintuitive.

The technique known as raster scanning is how old cathode ray tube-tube televisions produced images illuminating one phosphor dot on the screen at a time.


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This allows the team to use inexpensive hardware off-the-shelf light-emitting diodes (LEDS) can strobe at nanosecond periods,


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They are now studying mouse models of colon and ovarian cancer. The research was funded by the Austrian Science Fund the National institutes of health Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. the Koch Institute MIT s Center for Environmental Health Sciences the Volkswagenstiftung the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft the German


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We think that in this mouse model we may have some kind of indication that there s a disorganized thinking process going on says Junghyup Suh a research scientist at the Picower Institute

This mutant mouse doesn t seem to have that kind of replay of a previous experience.

when a person (or mouse) is resting between goal-oriented tasks. When the brain is focusing on a specific goal


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In previous studies using mouse models of fragile X, Bear and others discovered that the loss of this gene results in exaggerated protein synthesis at synapses, the specialized sites of communication between neurons.

the researchers used a mouse model of 16p11.2 microdeletion, created by Alea Mills at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

biochemical, and behavioral analyses, the MIT team compared this 16p11.2 mouse with what they already had established in the fragile X mouse.

Synaptic protein synthesis was disrupted indeed in the hippocampus, a part of the brain important for memory formation.


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Not just finding the culprits These early innovations to the hardware have nabled Essess to have this large-scale,

was finding how closely coupled the hardware was to the software. his is truly mechatronic,

he says. small change to the hardware could have profound effects on the software. You may say,


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The closest 3-D printers however, were at the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD.

and learn to perfect 3-D printing. Ten months ago, the Golden West Foundation completed its first complete set of 3-D-printed models, ready for use in training.

Golden West is receiving orders from around the world for models made on 3-D printers set up by Golden West in Phnom penh.


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recruiting a core team of engineers and establishing its first market instead of focusing on technical challenges. he particulars of the technology are usually not the primary areas of focus in VMS,

six-lensed camera that pulls raw images from its lenses simultaneously into one processor. This reduces complexity


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which are needed for brief transmissions of data from wearable devices such as heart-rate monitors, computers, or smartphones, the researchers say.


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They are taking a closer look at inexpensive catalysts that can help encourage the breakdown of large hydrocarbons


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Nanoparticles made from these polymers have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell. Due to molecular-scale forces

BPA, another endocrine-disrupting synthetic compound widely used in plastic bottles and other resinous consumer goods, from thermal printing paper samples;


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Put together in sequence these p-n junctions form transistors which can in turn be combined into integrated circuits microchips and processors.


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This method is analogous to half-toning used in ink-based printing and results in a broad color gamut comments Yang.

Researchers use aluminum nanostructures for photorealistic printing of plasmonic color palettes More information: Tan S. J. Zhang L. Zhu D. Goh X. M. Wang Y. M. et al.

Plasmonic color palettes for photorealistic printing with aluminum nanostructures. Nano Letters 14 4023#4029 (2014.


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which consist of a core that glows blue when struck by near-infrared light, and an outer fabric of porphyrin-phospholipids (Pop) that wraps around the core.

Credit: Jonathan Lovell Differences like these mean doctors can get a much clearer picture of

and an outer fabric of porphyrin-phospholipids (Pop) that wraps around the core. Each part has unique characteristics that make it ideal for certain types of imaging.

The core, initially designed for upconversion imaging, is made from sodium, ytterbium, fluorine, yttrium and thulium.

""Another advantage of this core/shell imaging contrast agent is that it could enable biomedical imaging at multiple scales, from single-molecule to cell imaging,


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#High-resolution patterns of quantum dots with e-jet printing A team of 17 materials science and engineering researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana#Champaign and Erciyes University in Turkey have authored High-resolution Patterns of Quantum dots

Are formed by Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for Light-emitting diodes. Their paper was published in Nano Letters an ACS journal.

and operating conditions that allow for high-resolution printing of layers of quantum dots with precise control over thickness and submicron lateral resolution and capabilities for use as active layers of QD light-emitting diodes.

The thickness can be controlled through a combination of printing parameters including the size of the nozzle the stage speed ink composition and voltage bias.

Their work on high-resolution patterns of quantum dots is of interest as it shows that advanced techniques in e-jet printing offer powerful capabilities in patterning quantum dot materials from solution inks over large areas.

E-jet printing refers to a technique called electrohydrodynamic jet described as a micro/nanomanufacturing process that uses an electric field to induce fluid jet printing through micro/nanoscale nozzles.

The resolution of conventional ink jet-printers printers is limited. For the past seven years she said Rogers has been developing the electrohydrodynamic jet printing method.

This kind of printer works by pulling ink droplets out of the nozzle rather than pushing them allowing for smaller droplets.

An electric field at the nozzle opening causes ions to form on the meniscus of the ink droplet.

Then a tiny droplet shears off and lands on the printing surface. A computer program controls the printer by directing the movement of the substrate

and varying the voltage at the nozzle to print a given pattern. Dot line square and complex images as QD patterns are possible the researchers said with tunable dimensions and thickness.

They wrote that these arrays as well as those constructed with multiple different QD materials directly patterned/stacked by e-jet printing can be utilized as photoluminescent and electroluminescent layers.

Writing in IEEE Spectrum on Monday Prachi Patel similarly made note that Quantum dots (QDS) are light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals that used in light-emitting diodes (LEDS) hold the promise of brighter faster displays.

In the IEEE story headlined High-resolution Printing of Quantum dots For Vibrant Inexpensive Displays Patel said these researchers repurposed a printing method which they devised for other applications.

Inkjet printers usually have a few hundred nozzles said Patel. The difficulty with the e-jet printing method is that the electric field at one nozzle affects the fields of neighboring nozzles.

They are trying to figure out how to isolate nozzles in order to eliminate that crosstalk. Explore further:

High-resolution Patterns of Quantum dots Formed by Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for Light-emitting diodes Nano Lett. Article ASAP.

and operating conditions that allow for high-resolution printing of layers of quantum dots (QDS) with precise control over thickness and submicron lateral resolution and capabilities for use as active layers of QD light-emitting diodes (LEDS).

The shapes and thicknesses of the QD patterns exhibit systematic dependence on the dimensions of the printing nozzle and the ink composition in ways that allow nearly arbitrary systematic control when exploited in a fully automated printing tool.

Sequential printing of different types of QDS in a multilayer stack or in an interdigitated geometry provides strategies for continuous tuning of the effective overall emission wavelengths of the resulting QD LEDS.


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