He also points to medical applications, such as physical feedback for athletes as they exercise and real-time hospital monitoring for caregivers concerned about changes in a patient's vital signs.
and wiring that normally are associated with close medical surveillance.""Overall, the military has the advantage of being able to move ahead with potentially higher risk research,
and study diseases Abstract: Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) researcher has invented a new technology to image single molecules with unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution,
and study diseases Ke Xu, a faculty scientist in Berkeley Lab's Life sciences Division, has dubbed his innovation SR-STORM,
but hopefully it will lead to medical applications. This gives us new opportunities to look at cell structures,
and whether there's any degradation of those structures in diseases.""Many diseases are caused either by an invading pathogen or degradation of a cell's internal structure.
Alzheimer's, for example, may be related to degradation of the cytoskeleton inside neurons.""The cytoskeleton system is comprised of a host of interacting subcellular structures and proteins,
The detection process is exactly opposite to the spin wave injection: a spin wave collides at the interface between YIG and platinum,
such as ejector pins for iphones, watch springs for expensive hand-wound watches, trial medical implants,
#Targeted drug delivery with these nanoparticles can make medicines more effective: Nanoparticles wrapped inside human platelet membranes serve as new vehicles for targeted drug delivery The research,
and technology to achieve"precision medicine, "said Shu Chien, a professor of bioengineering and medicine, director of the Institute of Engineering in Medicine at UC San diego,
and a corresponding author on the study.""While this proof of principle study demonstrates specific delivery of therapeutic agents to treat cardiovascular disease and bacterial infections,
it also has broad implications for targeted therapy for other diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders,"said Chien.
The ins and outs of the platelet copycats On the outside, platelet-mimicking nanoparticles are cloaked with human platelet membranes,
and certain pathogens such as MRSA bacteria, allowing the nanoparticles to deliver and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body.
antigens and proteins naturally present on platelet membranes. This is unlike other efforts, which synthesize platelet mimics that replicate one or two surface proteins of the platelet membrane."
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can also greatly minimize bacterial infections that have entered the bloodstream and spread to various organs in the body.
"Our platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can increase the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics because they can focus treatment on the bacteria locally without spreading drugs to healthy tissues
"We hope to develop platelet-mimicking nanoparticles into new treatments for systemic bacterial infections and cardiovascular disease."
The collaborative effort also includes Kang Zhang, a professor of ophthalmology and chief of Ophthalmic Genetics at UC San diego and a corresponding author on this study y
#Portable Nanosensors Help Early Diagnosis of Breast cancer Tumors The nanosensor will be able to help the early diagnosis of breast cancer tumors even at very tiny dimensions after the completion of tests
The aim of the research was to facilitate the diagnosis of cancer tumors, including breast cancer, without the need for advanced clinical devices.
and simulated in this research for the early and easy diagnosis of breast tumors. The nanosensor consists of plasmonic nanoparticles that are placed at regular distance from each other.
the sensor is very sensitive to changes in electromagnetic fields that are dispersed with different tissues (normal and tumor.
The throughputs of waves are different through natural and tumor tissues. Therefore, the interaction of tissues with electromagnetic waves created by a similar electrical field ends in different results.
It means a non-consistency happens in the profile received from the interaction of emitted light and various healthy and cancer tissues.
The meaningful signal is a tool for the detection of tumor tissue e
#Pushing the limits of lensless imaging: At the Frontiers in Optics conference researchers will describe a custom-built ultrafast laser that could help image everything from semiconductor chips to cells in real time Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers
Material moves foldable electronics, new implantable medical devices a step closer Abstract: Researchers have discovered a new stretchable,
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices. Fatigue is a common problem for researchers trying to develop a flexible, transparent conductor,
That means the materials aren't durable enough for consumer electronics or biomedical devices.""Metallic materials often exhibit high cycle fatigue,
and fatigue has been a deadly disease for metals, "the researchers wrote.""We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
One of the most critical biological and medical tools available today, it lies at the core of genome analysis. Reading the exact make-up of genes,
sequencing technology will definitely shift from research to clinics, "says Aleksandra Radenovic.""For that, we need rapid and affordable DNA sequencing
leading to inexpensive devices that could detect dozens of disease markers in less than 5 minutes Chemists used DNA molecules to developed rapid,
may aid efforts to build point-of-care devices for quick medical diagnosis of various diseases ranging from cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (STDS),
when atoms are brought too close together-to detect a wide array of protein markers that are linked to various diseases.
and the results sent back to the doctor's office. If we can move testing to the point of care,
which would enhance the effectiveness of medical interventions. The key breakthrough underlying this new technology came by chance."
explains that this novel signaling mechanism produces sufficient change in current to be measured using inexpensive electronics similar to those in the home glucose test meter used by diabetics to check their blood sugar.
allowing us to build inexpensive devices that could detect dozens of disease markers in less than five minutes in the doctor's office
including pathogen detection in food or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a
#Efforts to Improve Properties of Body Implants Using Nanocoatings Yield Positive Results Despite the high performance of metallic implants, including titanium and its alloys, in human body,
the relatively weak corrosion resistance of the implants in the body and their inappropriate compatibility has resulted in a great challenge in the application of metallic alloys.
Therefore, Iranian researchers studied a type of composite nanocoating to obtain modified properties of biomaterials to be used in human body.
The nanocoating has high resistance to abrasion and corrosion. A nanocomposite coating has been produced in this research by combining hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the base material and diopside ceramic.
and help design new drug therapies against pathogens by targeting enzymes that interact with DNA."
These fine details may also help scientists understand how mutations in proteins can lead to disease
or find protein properties that would be ideal targets for drug therapies.""For example, viral genes code for their own proteins that process their DNA,
and charge to some part of another molecule--such as the binding site of a human protein involved in some physiological process that goes awry in a given disease.
including medicine, building, textile and military after being mass-produced. Among textile products, woolen fabrics are used in various industries due to their unique properties such as insulation and flexibility.
In each test, the researchers'newly fabricated patches picked up body signals that were stronger than those taken by existing medical devices,
Lu is cofounder and scientific adviser for Stretch Med Inc.,a medical device company in which she has an equity partnership.
and cancer cells to help us unravel disease mechanisms, and for characterizing cells from diseased tissue of patients.""
#Scientists pave way for diamonds to trace early cancers Physicists from the University of Sydney have devised a way to use diamonds to identify cancerous tumours before they become life threatening.
synthetic version of the precious gem can light up early-stage cancers in nontoxic, noninvasive Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Targeting cancers with tailored chemicals is not new but scientists struggle to detect where these chemicals go since,
short of a biopsy, there are few ways to see if a treatment has been taken up by a cancer.
Led by Professor David Reilly from the School of Physics researchers from the University investigated how nanoscale diamonds could help identify cancers in their earliest stages."
"We knew nano diamonds were of interest for delivering drugs during chemotherapy because they are largely nontoxic and non-reactive,
"By attaching hyperpolarised diamonds to molecules targeting cancers the technique can allow tracking of the molecules'movement in the body,
and target cancers long before they become life-threatening, "says Professor Reilly. The next stage of the team's work involves working with medical researchers to test the new technology on animals.
Also on the horizon is research using scorpion venom to target brain tumours with MRI scanning g
the product can be used in orthopedic surgeries to recover and cure bones damaged due to tumors, cysts or fractures.
The use of bone replacement in various forms has increased in recent years. Injectable pastes are samples of the replacements used in tissue engineering.
The injected paste can stay in the implant area without moving or being washed by water.
EPFL has developed a miniaturized microfluidic device that will allow medical staff to monitor in real time levels of glucose,
This advance will drastically reduce the number of machines cluttered around patients-an obvious practical advantage for the medical staff, not to mention the psychological boon for loved ones.
Discussions are now under way for tests to be carried out at the University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV.
This progress towards more precise and effective medicine was achieved under the Nano-Tera initiative, which is financed by The swiss government.
EPFL has developed a miniaturized microfluidic device that will allow medical staff to monitor in real time levels of glucose,
This advance will drastically reduce the number of machines cluttered around patients-an obvious practical advantage for the medical staff, not to mention the psychological boon for loved ones.
Discussions are now under way for tests to be carried out at the University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV.
This progress towards more precise and effective medicine was achieved under the Nano-Tera initiative, which is financed by The swiss government.
New Option to Diagnose Leukemia Iranian researchers from Tarbiat Modarres University designed a biosensor that enables the early diagnosis of leukemia in the test sample by using naked eyes.
The aim of the research was to design an effective system to diagnose blood cancer (leukemia) by using gold nanobars.
and their application has been evaluated in the diagnosis of the disease. The presence of some proteins in biological liquids of humans (blood
saliva and urine) with determined concentration can be the sign of dangerous diseases. Therefore, it is effective to monitor
and prevent diseases. Lysozyme protein has been selected as the target biomolecule in this research. The excess secretion of this protein can be a sign of malfunction in kidney performance
and it may result in leukemia. Diagnosis tests are very time-consuming, expensive and difficult in some cases.
For example, common methods to diagnose lysozyme protein are Turbidity Meter, Lyso-rocket electrophoresis and ELISA.
The system designed in this research is complicated less in comparison with other diagnosis methods, and it is available,
#Magnetic Nanosorbents Eliminate Fluoride from Water Researchers from Tehran University of Medical sciences used low-cost and available raw materials for the laboratorial production of nanosorbents with high efficiency in elimination of fluoride from contaminated water.
eliminating a major bottleneck that limits the exploration of a class of compounds offering tremendous potential for medicine and technology.
According to Burke, the highly customized approach that chemists have relied long on to synthesize small molecules is time consuming and inaccessible to most researchers. lot of great medicines have not been discovered yet because of this synthesis bottleneck,
In his research, Burke has been exploring the potential of small molecules to treat disease. Plants
Burke says. oing real atomistic modifications to transform nature's starting points into actual medicines is really,
meaning the atom-by-atom modifications that researchers need to optimize these molecules into therapeutic compounds
He has founded a company, REVOLUTION Medicines, to use and continue to develop the technology for this purpose.
engineers, medical doctors, and even the public to produce small molecules. hen you put the power to manufacture into the hands of everyone,
Limiting it to a single point allows us to control the parameters, like contact stress and geometry,
This"stress activated"process meant that, the harder the tip squeezed and sheared the ZDDP-containing oil between the tip and sample,
you get a high stress due to the concentration of force. When you push on a less stiff surface,
so the stress is lower. The thicker the film, the more it acts as a cushion to reduce the stress that is needed to cause the chemical reactions needed to keep growing.
It's self-limiting, or in other words, it has a way of cutting off its own growth".
Without being able to control the stress and geometry of a single point of contact
Being able to pinpoint the level of stress at which they begin to break down and form tribofilms allows researchers to compare various properties in a more rigorous fashion."
and Sergei Gryaznov of Aurasense Therapeutics is the first to show spherical nucleic acids (SNAS) can be used as potent drugs to effectively train the immune system to fight disease,
SNAS could be used to target anything from influenza to different forms of cancer. They also can be used to suppress the immune response
a tactic important in treating autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues."
"Once developed fully, SNAS will lay the foundation for developing an entire new pipeline of drugs to treat a range of diseases, from psoriasis, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis to lymphoma, bladder cancer and prostate cancer."
"Mirkin is the George B. Rathmann Professor of Chemistry in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences and professor of medicine, chemical and biological engineering, biomedical engineering and materials science and engineering.
The study also shows that a spherical structure is the ideal architecture for delivering nucleic acids into cells for therapeutic purposes.
which can result in toxicity. SNAS naturally go to the right place in cells. They enter via the endosome,
targeting lymphoma and a form of autoimmune hepatitis.""The spherical nucleic acids always win from potency and speed standpoints,
In a study of mice, the researchers tested SNAS against lymphoma. For the animals treated with SNAS,
the researchers found a significant decrease in tumor growth and a doubling of lifespan. The potency was up to an 80-fold increase over linear nucleic acids of the same sequence.
and destroy lymphoma cells. Next, focusing on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the researchers found eightfold increases in potency when animals were treated with SNAS and a 30 percent greater reduction in the animals'fibrosis score.
This observation has significant implications for treating liver cancer and cirrhosis patients.""The beauty of the approach is that a very small amount of drug does a tremendous amount of work,
"Mirkin said.""The SNAS trigger the immune response and, without more drug, additional cells are trained to behave the same way as the initial cells.
This gives you a catalytic effect that grows into a systemic search for cells that look for example, like lymphoma cells."
making them a versatile tool in medicine. The current study's results show, Mirkin said,
that if you want to make vaccines out of nucleic acids or if you want to modulate the immune system using nucleic acids, for vaccines or systemic suppression therapies,
then the spherical nucleic acid architecture is likely the most potent t
#Nanospheres cooled with light to explore the limits of quantum physics A team of scientists at UCL led by Peter Barker
and creates previously unachievable geometries that open opportunities for innovation not only in health care and medicine,
dental implants or prosthetics to be 3d printed on-demand in a medical setting.""CLIP's debut coincides with the United Nation designating 2015 as the International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies,
and defects, says a Texas A&m University biomedical engineer who is part of the team developing the biomaterial.
Its findings could change the way medical professionals treat fractured bones that experience difficulty in healing
a biodegradable gel used in several biomedical applications because of its compatibility with the body. When nanosilicates are incorporated into a gelatin matrix, several physical,
For example, the hydrogel can be designed to remain at the injury site for specific durations by controlling the interactions between the nanosilicates and gelatin,
In addition to its ability to be injected at the site of an injury, the material achieves three-to-four times higher stiffness once inside the body,
vascularized scaffolds that employ the material and could be inserted surgically at the site of more serious injuries where injection is not an option.
would allow the injury site to receive blood flow as part of the enhanced healing process initiated by the nanoparticles.
Based on our strong preliminary studies, we predict that these highly biofunctional particles have immense potential to be used in biomedical applications
or supercapacitors without an external power source and make new commercial and medical applications possible.
Small, lightweight devices could play life-changing roles as robotic skin or in other biomedical applications.
#Medical nanoparticles for the local treatment of lung cancer Nanoparticles can function as carriers for medicines to combat lung cancer:
scientists from the Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen (HMGU) and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt (LMU) in Munich have developed nanocarriers that site-selectively release medicines/drugs at the tumor site in human and mouse lungs.
In the journal, ACS Nano("Protease-Mediated Release of Chemotherapeutics from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to ex Vivo Human and Mouse Lung Tumors"),the scientists reported that this approach led to a significant increase
in the effectiveness of current cancer medicines in lung tumour tissue. Tumor tissue in the lung.
Image: Sabine van Rijt, CPC/ilbd, Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen) Nanoparticles are extremely small particles that can be modified for a variety of uses in the medical field.
For example, nanoparticles can be engineered to be able to transport medicines specifically to the disease site while not interfering with healthy body parts.
Selective drug transport verified in human tissue for the first time The Munich scientists have developed nanocarriers that only release the carried drugs in lung tumour areas.
and so the medicines stay protected in the nanocarrier.""Using these nanocarriers we can very selectively release a drug such as a chemotherapeutic agent specifically at the lung tumour,"reports research group leader Meiners."
At the same time, this approach also makes it possible to decrease the total dose of medicines and consequently to reduce undesirable effects."
New materials for energy application, new concepts for medical surfaces, new surface materials for tribological applications and nano safety and nano bio.
In elastocaloric materials a change in mechanical stress can create a change in temperature. In the Journal of Applied Physics("Elastocaloric effect of Ni-Ti wire for application in a cooling device"),a team of researchers from Technical University of Denmark report that the elastocaloric effect opens the door to alternative forms
or by applying an external stress. This is responsible for the temperature-induced"shape memory effect "and stress-induced"superelasticity."
"After the stress is removed, the crystal structure reverts back to its austenitic phase, which causes the material to cool down
He worries more about gremlins that plague today's reverse osmosis membranes--growths on membrane surfaces that clog them (called"biofouling)
#Rapid and efficient DNA chip technology for testing 14 major types of food borne pathogens Conventional methods for testing foodborne pathogens is based on the cultivation of pathogens,
So there is demand for alternative methods to test for foodborne pathogens that are simpler, quick and applicable to a wide range of potential applications.
Now Toshiba Ltd and Kawasaki City Institute for Public health have collaborated in the development of a rapid and efficient automatic abbreviated DNA detection technology that can test for 14 major types of food
borne pathogens. The so called DNA chip card employs electrochemical DNA chips and overcomes the complicated procedures associated with genetic testing of conventional methods.
and in a collaboration with Kawasaki City Institute for Public health, used to simultaneously detect 14 different types of foodborne pathogens in less than 90 minutes.
The detection sensitivity depends on the target pathogen and has a range of 1e+01? 05 cfu/ml.
Notably, such tests would usually take 4-5 days using conventional methods based on pathogen cultivation.
Examples of pathogens associated with food poisoning that were tested with the DNA chip card d
#Chemists make new silicon-based nanomaterials In a paper published in the journal Nano Letters("A Silicon-Based Two-dimensional Chalcogenide:
There has been considerable recent work on using magnetite to clean up toxic metals. For example, magnetite can reduce the toxic form of chromium, chromium VI, to the less toxic chromium (III),
which can then be incorporated into a magnetite crystal. The fact that this magnetite may then be exposed to these reducing bacteria could potentially enhance its remediation capacity.
#Novel nanoparticle therapy promotes wound healing (w/video)( Nanowerk News) An experimental therapy developed by researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University cut in half the time it takes to heal
wounds compared to no treatment at all. Details of the therapy, which was tested successfully in mice,
were published online in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology("Fidgetin-like 2: a novel microtubule-based regulator of wound healing".
"e envision that our nanoparticle therapy could be used to speed the healing of all sorts of wounds,
including everyday cuts and burns, surgical incisions, and chronic skin ulcers, which are a particular problem in the elderly
and people with diabetes, said study co-leader David J. Sharp, Ph d.,professor of physiology & biophysics at Einstein.
Dr. Sharp and his colleagues had discovered earlier that an enzyme called fidgetin-like 2 (FL2) puts the brakes on skin cells as they migrate towards wounds to heal them.
They reasoned that the healing cells could reach their destination faster if their levels of FL2 could be reduced.
So they developed a drug that inactivates the gene that makes FL2 and then put the drug in tiny gel capsules called nanoparticles
and applied the nanoparticles to wounds on mice. The treated wounds healed much faster than untreated wounds.
FL2 belongs to the fidgetin family of enzymes, which play varying roles in cellular development and function.
To learn more about FL2 role in humans, Dr. Sharp suppressed FL2 activity in human cells in tissue culture.
When those cells were placed on a standard wound assay (for measuring properties like cell migration and proliferation),
Dr. Sharp and project co-leader Joshua Nosanchuk, M d.,professor of medicine at Einstein and attending physician, infectious diseases at Montefiore Medical center, developed a wound-healing therapy that uses
Dr. Sharp collaborated with Joel Friedman, M d.,Ph d.,professor of physiology & biophysics and of medicine at Einstein,
and study co-leader Adam Friedman, M d.,director of dermatologic research at Einstein and Montefiore, who together had developed nanoparticles that protect molecules such as sirna from being degraded as they ferry the molecules to their intended targets.
In both cases, the wounds closed more than twice as fast as in untreated controls. ot only did the cells move into the wounds faster,
Dr. Sharp plans to start testing the therapy on pigs, whose skin closely resembles that of humans, within months a
#High-tech method allows rapid imaging of functions in living brain Researchers studying cancer and other invasive diseases rely on high-resolution imaging to see tumors and other activity deep within the body's tissues.
Using a new high-speed, high-resolution imaging method, Lihong Wang, Phd, and his team at Washington University in St louis were able to see blood flow, blood oxygenation, oxygen metabolism and other functions inside a living mouse brain at faster rates than ever before.
Phd, program director for Optical Imaging at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering."
In the future, photoacoustic imaging could serve as an important complement to fmri, leading to critical insights into brain function and disease development."
Given the importance of oxygen metabolism in basic biology and diseases such as diabetes and cancer,
This will open the door to new applications for thermal sensors in biomedical devices consumer products and low cost thermal cameras s
Current coatings to prevent fouling by marine organisms include toxic chemicals, and become ineffective after a short time
and Netrin-1 Guides Commissural Axons"),could eventually help develop tools to repair nerve cells following injuries to the nervous system (such as the brain and spinal cord).
""This scientific breakthrough could bring us closer to repairing damaged nerve cells following injuries to the central nervous system,"states Dr. Charron."
"A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in axon guidance will offer new possibilities for developing techniques to treat lesions resulting from spinal cord injuries,
and possibly even neurodegenerative diseases.""Injuries to the central nervous system affect thousands of Canadians every year and can lead to lifelong disabilities.
Most often caused by an accident, stroke or disease, these injuries are currently very difficult to repair.
Research is required therefore for the development of new tools to repair damage to the central nervous system m
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011