#Crystal structure and magnetism--new insight into the fundamentals of solid state physics: HZB team decodes relationship between magnetic interactions and the distortions in crystal structure within a geometrically'frustrated'spinel system Abstract:
A team at HZB has carried out the first detailed study of how magnetic and geometric ordering mutually influence one another in crystalline samples of spinel.
and record the complex 3-D magnetization in wound magnetic layers. This technique could be important in the development of devices that are highly sensitive to magnetic fields,
such as in medical diagnostics for example. Their results are published now in Nature Communications. 3d structures in materials
#Sensor technology can improve accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis, research shows Abstract: New research has shown how a smart sensor chip,
and efficiency of prostate cancer diagnosis. Researchers at the University of Birmingham believe that the novel technology will help improve the process of early stage diagnosis. Glycoprotein molecules,
Because of their essential role in our immune response, they are useful clinical biomarkers for detecting prostate cancer and other diseases.
In doing so, they developed a more accurate and efficient way of diagnosing prostate cancer than the current tests
which rely heavily on antibodies. These antibodies are expensive to produce, subject to degeneration when exposed to environmental changes (such as high temperatures
or UV LIGHT) and more importantly, have a high rate of false-positive readings. Professor Paula Mendes said,
so could feasibly be kept on the shelf of a doctors'surgery anywhere in the world.
Problematically for diagnosis, the protein part of glycoproteins does not always change if the body is diseased.
The findings, published in the journal Chemical science, show how the rate of false readings that come with antibody based diagnosis can be reduced by the smart technology that focuses on the carbohydrate part of the molecule.
the team wanted to identify the presence of disease by detecting a particular glycoprotein which has specific sugars in a specific location in the molecule.
and so we need technology that can discriminate between these subtle differences-where antibodies are not able to."
the sugar part of the prostate cancer glycoprotein is reacted with a custom-designed molecule that contains a boron group at one end (the boron linkage forms a reversible bond to the sugar).
and the only key that will fit is the specific prostate cancer glycoprotein that we're looking for.
"Dr John Fossey added,"It's estimated that one in eight men will suffer from prostate cancer at some point in their life,
so there's a clear need for more accurate diagnosis. By focussing on the sugar, we appear to have hit the'sweet spot'for doing just that.
and collaboration with commercial partners, will open the door to adapting the current technology for other diseases.
Lots of diseases produce specific glycoproteins, so there are a number of possible avenues to improve the accuracy of our diagnoses
which could overcome current shortcomings of low drug efficacy and multi-drug resistance in the treatment of cancer as well as viral and bacterial infections.
the study identified a new mechanism of targeting multi-subunit complexes that are critical to the function of viruses, bacteria or cancer,
Guo holds a joint appointment at the UK Markey Cancer Center and in the UK College of Pharmacy."
or die and thus, no longer able to cause disease.""One of the vexing problems in the development of drugs is drug resistance,
"Dr. Guo's study has identified a new mechanism of efficiently inhibiting biological processes that are critical to the function of the disease-causing organism,
"##Guo focuses much of his work on the use of ribonucleic acid (RNA) nanoparticles and a viral nanomotor to fight cancer, viral infections and genetic diseases.
#Bonelike 3-D silicon synthesized for potential use with medical devices: Semiconducting silicon spicules engage tissue like a bee stinger Abstract:
Researchers have developed a new approach for better integrating medical devices with biological systems. The researchers, led by Bozhi Tian,
"One of the major hurdles in the area of bioelectronics or implants is that the interface between the electronic device
TVOC is known as a carcinogen that can cause disability in the nervous system from skin contact or from inhalation through respiratory organs s
ranging from gas leakage, toxic and explosive gas sensing, and contaminants in water to DNA and proteins.
News and information SUNY Poly CNSE to Present Cutting-edge Semiconductor Technology Developments at SEMICON West 2015 Conference July 10th, 2015super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th,
2015super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th, 2015graphene-based film can be used for efficient cooling of electronics July 10th,
2015new Biosensor Produced in Iran to Detect Effective Drugs in Cancer Treatment July 4th, 2015discoveries Super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th,
2015graphene-based film can be used for efficient cooling of electronics July 10th, 2015scientists Apply Magnetic nanoparticles to Eliminate Cancerous Cells July 10th,
Replacing silver coating on catheters with graphene increases treatment effect July 9th, 2015materials/Metamaterials Super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th,
2015super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th, 2015graphene-based film can be used for efficient cooling of electronics July 10th,
2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers Super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th, 2015graphene-based film can be used for efficient cooling of electronics July 10th,
2015bonelike 3-D silicon synthesized for potential use with medical devices: Semiconducting silicon spicules engage tissue like a bee stinger July 8th,
High-throughput bioactivity screening did not reveal increased toxicity of the particles when compared to an equivalent mass of metallic silver nanoparticles or silver nitrate solution.
"The researchers used the nanoparticles to attack E coli, a bacterium that causes food poisoning; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common disease-causing bacterium;
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
The nanoparticles were effective against all the bacteria. The method allows researchers the flexibility to change the nanoparticle recipe in order to target specific microbes.
#Nanospheres shield chemo drugs, safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions Scientists have designed nanoparticles that release drugs in the presence of a class of proteins that enable cancers to metastasize.
so that the very enzymes that make cancers dangerous could instead guide their destruction.""We can start with a small molecule
and build that into a nanoscale carrier that can seek out a tumor and deliver a payload of drug,
The system takes advantage of a class enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases that many cancers make in abundance.
The shell fragments form a ragged mesh that holds the drug molecules near the tumor.
builds on his group's earlier sucess using a similar strategy to mark tumors for both diagnosis and precise surgical removal.
and also toxicity, made for a good attachment point. That means the drug was inactivated as it flowed through the circulatory system until it reached the tumor.
The protection allowed the researchers to safely give a dose 16 times higher than they could with the formulation now used in cancer clinics,
in a test in mice with grafted in fibrosarcoma tumors. In additional preliminary tests, Callmann and colleagues were able to halt the growth of the tumors for a least two weeks,
using a single lower dose of the drug. In mice treated with the nanoparticles coated with peptides that are impervious to MMPS or given saline,
the tumors grew to lethal sizes within that time. Gianneschi says they will broaden their approach to create delivery systems for other diagnostic and therapeutic molecules."
"This kind of platform is not specific to paclitaxel. We'll test this in other models-with other classes of drug and in mice with a cancer that mimics metastatic breast cancer, for example."
"They'll also continue to modify the shell, to provide even greater protection and avoid uptake by organs such as liver, spleen and kidneys,
he said.""We want to open up this therapeutic window."#"##Additional authors include Matthew Thompson in Gianneschi's chemistry research group and Christopher Barback, David Hall and Robert Mattrey in UC San diego's Moores Cancer Center.
All animal procedures were approved by UC San diego's institution animal care and use committee. Callmann holds a fellowship through the Cancer Researchers in Nanotechnology Program at UC San diego. The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
and Bioengineering provided financial support. This novel approach to using enzyme-directed assembly of particle theranostics (EDAPT) is patent pending.
Skip Cynar, scynar@ucsd. edu, in UC San diego's technology transfer office can provide information about commercial development t
This can allow scientists to see fine features of objects such as tumors, or minute flaws within airplane wings in industrial testing, that may otherwise be unobservable due to an instrument's diffractive limit.
and training the body's own immune system to better fight cancer and infection. Now, results of a study led by Johns Hopkins investigators suggests that a device composed of a magnetic column paired with custom-made magnetic nanoparticles may hold a key to bringing immunotherapy into widespread and successful clinical use.
and rapidly multiplying immune system white blood cells known as T cells because of their potential as an effective weapon against cancer,
according to Jonathan Schneck, M d.,Ph d.,a professor of pathology, medicine and oncology at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine's Institute for Cell Engineering."
that we could use them as the basis of a therapy for cancer patients. We've taken a big step toward solving that problem,
and streamline immune cellular therapies, Schneck, Karlo Perica, a recent M d./Ph d. graduate who worked in Schneck's lab,
These so-called artificial antigen-presenting cells (aapcs) were pioneered by Schneck's lab and have shown promise in activating laboratory animals'immune systems to attack cancer cells.
and"present"them with distinctive proteins called antigens. This process activates the T cells to ward off a virus, bacteria or tumor,
as well as to make more T cells. In a previous study in mice, Schneck's team found that naive T-cells activated more effectively when multiple aapcs bound to different receptors on the cells,
priming the T cells both to battle the target cancer and divide to form more activated cells.
humans with magnetic aapcs bearing antigens from tumors. They then ran the plasma through a magnetic column.
The tumor-fighting T cells bound to aapcs and stuck to the sides of the column,
which relies on other white blood cells called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Those cells are trained already"to fight cancer,
and researchers have shown some success isolating some of the cells from tumors, inducing them to divide,
and then transferring them back into patients. But, Schneck says, not all patients are eligible for this therapy,
because not all have tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. By contrast, all people have naive T cells, so patients with cancer could potentially benefit from the new approach
whether or not they have tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.""The aapcs and magnetic column together provide the foundation for simplifying
and streamlining the process of generating tumor-specific T cells for use in immunotherapy, "says Juan carlos Varela, M d.,Ph d,
. a former member of Schneck's laboratory who is now an assistant professor at the Medical University of South carolina.
The researchers found that the technique also worked with a mixture of aapcs bearing multiple antigens,
which they say could help combat the problem of tumors mutating to evade the body's defenses."
"We get multiple shots on the goal, "Schneck says. While the team initially tested the new method only on cancer antigens,
Schneck says it could also potentially work for therapies against chronic infectious diseases, such as HIV. He says that
if further testing goes well, clinical trials of the technique could begin within a year and a half.##
This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (grant numbers AI072677 and AI44129),
the National Institute of General Medical sciences (grant number GM 07309), the National Cancer Institute (grant numbers CA 43460, CA 62924, CA 09243 and CA108835), the Troper Wojcicki
Foundation, the Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research, the Sol Goldman Center for Pancreatic cancer Research,
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015chemotherapeutic coatings enhance tumor-frying nanoparticles:
Duke university researchers add a drug delivery mechanism to a nanoparticle therapy already proven to target,
heat and destroy tumors July 13th, 2015super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th, 2015govt. -Legislation/Regulation/Funding/Policy Researchers Build a Transistor from a Molecule and A few Atoms July 14th, 2015world first:
Significant development in the understanding of macroscopic quantum behavior: Researchers from Polytechnique Montral and Imperial College London demonstrate the wavelike quantum behavior of a polariton condensate on a macroscopic scale and at room temperature July 14th, 2015nanospheres shield chemo drugs,
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015better memory with faster lasers July 14th,
2015nanomedicine Agilent technologies and A*STAR's Bioprocessing Technology Institute Collaborate on New Bioanalytical Methodologies July 15th, 2015nanospheres shield chemo drugs,
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015chemotherapeutic coatings enhance tumor-frying nanoparticles:
Duke university researchers add a drug delivery mechanism to a nanoparticle therapy already proven to target,
heat and destroy tumors July 13th, 2015magnetic hyperthermia, an auxiliary tool in cancer treatments July 8th, 2015discoveries For faster,
larger graphene add a liquid layer July 15th, 2015nanocrystalline Thin-film Solar cells July 15th, 2015better memory with faster lasers July 14th,
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015globalfoundries Completes Acquisition of IBM Microelectronics Business:
Winner of the 2015 Lindros Award for translational medicine, Kjeld Janssen is pushing the boundaries of the emerging lab-on-a-chip technology July 7th, 201 0
and decreasing the alkaline and acidic solubility without creating the cellular toxicity. Results of the research have applications in textile, polymer,
They can also be used in medical and military industries. Ultrasonic bath has been used in the finishing process of the fabrics.
including medicine, electronics and energy. Discovered only 11 years ago, graphene is one of the strongest materials in the world, highly conductive, flexible, and transparent.
However, current methods for production currently require toxic chemicals and lengthy and cumbersome processes that result in low yield that is not scalable for commercial applications.
The process is relatively faster, safer and green--devoid of any toxic substances (just graphite plus concentrated light.
or pump liquids in miniature devices used for chemical analysis, said Dr. Carter Haines BS'11, Phd'15,
it is expected that an important step is taken in the development of nanotechnology in the field of medicine,
The bilayer structure blocks the injection of electrons into the sol-gel material providing low leakage current, high breakdown strength and high energy extraction efficiency."
and power conditioning for defense, medical and commercial applications. But it has been challenging to find a single dielectric material able to maximize permittivity, breakdown strength, energy density and energy extraction efficiency.
and the top aluminum layer to block charge injection into the sol-gel, "Perry explained."
"It's really a bilayer hybrid material that takes the best of both reorientation polarization and approaches for reducing injection and improving energy extraction."
New device offers clues (Nanowerk News) Why do some cancer cells break away from a tumor and travel to distant parts of the body?
A team of oncologists and engineers from the University of Michigan teamed up to help understand this crucial question.
Cancer becomes deadly when it spreads, or metastasizes. Not all cells have the same ability to travel through the body,
The differences in individual cancer cells are a key aspect of how cancer evolves becomes resistant to current therapies or recurs."
"A primary tumor is not what kills patients. Metastases are what kill patients. Understanding which cells are likely to metastasize can help us direct more targeted therapies to patients,
"says co-senior study author Sofia D. Merajver, M d.,Ph d.,scientific director of the breast oncology program at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center.
The researchers believe this type of device might some day help doctors understand an individual patient's cancer.
Which cells in this patient's tumor are really causing havoc? Is there a large population of aggressive cells?
Are there specific markers or variants on those individual cells that could be targeted with treatment?"
"This work demonstrates an elegant approach to the study of cancer cell metastasis by combining expertise in engineering
"In this work, extensive studies were performed on cell lines representing various types of cancer. The new device was designed to trace how cells move, sorting individual cells by their movement.
and appearance under the microscope of metastatic cells and expressed significantly higher levels of markers associated with metastatic cancer."
"Understanding specific differences that lead some cancer cells to leave the primary tumor and seed metastases is of great benefit to develop
and even medicine. Now a team of Northwestern University researchers has found a way to print three-dimensional structures with graphene nanoflakes.
The fast and efficient method could open up new opportunities for using graphene printed scaffolds regenerative engineering and other electronic or medical applications.
assistant professor of materials science and engineering at Northwestern's Mccormick School of engineering and of surgery in the Feinberg School of medicine,
"Supported by a Google Gift and a Mccormick Research Catalyst Award, the research is described in the paper"Three-dimensional Printing Of high-Content Graphene Scaffolds for Electronic and Biomedical Applications","published in the April
so it could be used for biodegradable sensors and medical implants. Shah said the biocompatible elastomer
But many of the advances rely on petroleum-based plastics and toxic materials. Yu-Zhong Wang, Fei Song and colleagues wanted to seek a greener way forward.
compact micro-actuators for aerospace, automobile, biomedical, space and robotics applications; and ultra-low thermal signature actuators for sonars and defense applications.
#Freshly squeezed vaccines (Nanowerk News) MIT researchers have shown that they can use a microfluidic cell-squeezing device to introduce specific antigens inside the immune systems B cells,
and implementing antigen-presenting cell vaccines. Such vaccines, created by reprogramming a patients own immune cells to fight invaders,
hold great promise for treating cancer and other diseases. However, several inefficiencies have limited their translation to the clinic,
and only one therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. While most of these vaccines are created with dendritic cells,
a class of antigen-presenting cells with broad functionality in the immune system, the researchers demonstrate in a study published in Scientific Reports("Ex Vivo Cytosolic Delivery of Functional Macromolecules to Immune Cells")that B cells can be engineered to serve as an alternative.
As cells pass through the Cellsqueeze device at high speed, narrowing microfluidic channels apply a squeeze that opens small, temporary holes in the cells'membranes.
As a result, large molecules antigens, in the case of this study can enter before the membrane reseals.
Courtesy of SQZ Biotech) We wanted to remove an important barrier in using B cells as an antigen-presenting cell population,
helping them complement or replace dendritic cells, says Gregory Szeto, a postdoc at MITS Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the papers lead author.
Darrell Irvine, a member of the Koch Institute and a professor of biological engineering and of materials sciences and engineering, is the papers senior author.
A new vaccine-preparation approach Dendritic cells are the most naturally versatile antigen-presenting cells.
In the body, they continuously sample antigens from potential invaders which they process and present on their cell surface.
The cells then migrate to the spleen or the lymph nodes, where they prime T cells to mount an attack against cells that are infected cancerous
or, targeting the specific antigens that are ingested and presented. Despite their critical role in the immune system, dendritic cells have used drawbacks
when for cell-based vaccines: They have a short lifespan, they do not divide when activated,
B cells are also antigen-presenting cells, but in contrast to dendritic cells, they can proliferate
Whereas dendritic cells constantly sample antigens they encounter, A b cell is programmed genetically only to bind to a specific antigen that matches the receptor on its surface.
As such, A b cell generally will not ingest and display an antigen if it does not match its receptor.
Using a microfluidic device, MIT researchers were able to overcome this genetically programmed barrier to antigen uptake by squeezing the B cells.
Cellsqueezes microfluidic channels are etched on silicon chips and sealed with a glass layer. The channels temporarily deform cells
the researchers pass a suspension of B cells and target antigen through tiny, parallel channels etched on a chip.
temporary holes in their membranes, allowing the target antigen to enter by diffusion. This process effectively loads the cells with antigens to prime a response of CD8 or killer T cells,
which can then kill cancer cells or other target cells. The researchers studied the squeezed B cells in culture
and found that they could expand antigen-specific T cells at least as well as existing methods using antibody-coated beads.
and antigen-specific T cells into mice, observing that the squeezed B cells could expand T cells in the spleen and in lymph nodes.
The researchers also say that this is the first method that decouples antigen delivery from B-cell activation.
when ingesting its antigen or when encountering a foreign stimulus that forces it to ingest nearby antigen.
This activation causes B cells to carry out very specific functions, which has limited options for B-cell-based vaccine programming.
Using Cellsqueeze circumvents this problem and by being able to separately configure delivery and activation,
researchers have greater control over vaccine design. Gail Bishop, a professor of microbiology at the University of Iowa Carver School of medicine and director of the schools Center for Immunology and Immune-Based Diseases, says that this paper presents a creative new approach with considerable
potential in the development of antigen-presenting cell vaccines. The antigen-presenting capabilities of B cells have often been underestimated,
but they are being appreciated increasingly for their practical advantages in therapies, says Bishop, who was involved not in this research.
This new technical approach permits loading B cells effectively with virtually any antigen and has the additional benefit of targeting the antigens to the CD8 T-cell presentation pathway
thus facilitating the activation of the killer T cells desired in many clinical applications. Main squeeze Armon Sharei, now a visiting scientist at the Koch Institute, developed Cellsqueeze while he was a graduate student in the laboratories of Klavs Jensen, the Warren K. Lewis Professor of Chemical engineering and a professor of materials science and engineering,
and Robert Langer, the David H. Koch Institute Professor and a member of the Koch Institute.
Sharei, Jensen, and Langer are also authors of this paper. In a separate study published last month in the journal PLOS ONE, Sharei and his colleagues first demonstrated that Cellsqueeze can deliver functional macromolecules into immune cells.
While nucleic acids can code a cell for a target antigen, these indirect methods have drawbacks:
They have limited ability in coding for difficult-to-identify antigens, and using nucleic acids bears a risk for accidental genome editing.
These methods are also toxic, and can cause cell damage and death. By delivering proteins directly into cells with minimal toxicity,
Cellsqueeze avoids these shortcomings and, in this new study, demonstrates promise as a versatile platform for creating more effective cell-based vaccines.
Our dream is to spawn out a whole class of therapies which involve taking out your own cells, telling them what to do,
and putting them back into your body to fight your disease, whatever that may be, Sharei says.
After developing Cellsqueeze at MIT, Sharei co-founded SQZ Biotech in 2013 to further develop and commercialize the platform.
Future steps The researchers say they now plan to refine their B-cell-based vaccine to optimize distribution and function of the immune cells in the body.
A b-cell-based approach could also reduce the amount of patient blood required to prepare a vaccine.
patients receiving cell-based vaccines must have drawn blood over several hours each time a new dose must be prepared.
and cost required to engineer cell-based vaccines. We envision a future system, if we can take advantage of its microfluidic nature,
you could do it in your hospital or your doctors office. As the biology and technology become further refined
and less expensive method for developing cell-based therapies for patients. Down the road, you could potentially get enough cells from just a normal syringe-based blood draw,
run it through a bedside device that has the antigen you want to vaccinate against, and then youd have the vaccine,
Szeto says s
#Nanotechnology helps protect patients from bone infection Leading scientists at the University of Sheffield have discovered nanotechnology could hold the key to preventing deep bone infections,
after developing a treatment which prevents bacteria and other harmful microorganisms growing. The pioneering research,
showed applying small quantities of antibiotic to the surface of medical devices, from small dental implants to hip replacements, could protect patients from serious infection.
Scientists used revolutionary nanotechnology to work on small polymer layers inside implants which measure between 1 and 100 nanometers.
Lead researcher Paul Hatton Professor of Biomaterials Sciences at the University of Sheffield, said: icroorganisms can attach themselves to implants
or replacements during surgery and once they grab onto a nonliving surface they are notoriously difficult to treat
which causes a lot of problems and discomfort for the patient. y making the actual surface of the hip replacement or dental implant inhospitable to these harmful microorganisms,
the risk of deep bone infection is reduced substantially. ur research shows that applying small quantities of antibiotic to a surface between the polymer layers
which make up each device could prevent not only the initial infection but secondary infection it is like getting between the layers of an onion skin.
Bone infection affects thousands of patients every year and results in a substantial cost to the NHS.
Treating the surface of medical devices would have a greater impact on patients considered at high risk of infection such as trauma victims from road traffic collisions or combat operations,
and those who have had previous bone infections. Professor Hatton added: eep bone infections associated with medical devices are increasing in number,
especially among the elderly. s well as improving the quality of life, this new application for nanotechnology could save health providers such as the NHS millions of pounds every year.
The study, funded by the European commission and the UK Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council, is published in Acta Biomaterialia("Functionalised nanoscale coatings using layer-by-layer assembly for imparting antibacterial properties to polylactide
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