#Wireless data delivery over active TV channels tested Rice university engineers have demonstrated the first system that allows wireless data transmissions over UHF channels during active TV broadcasts.
The researchers tested the compounds in rats that were subjected to chronic mild stress that caused the animals to act in ways that resemble human depression.
#Liquid biopsy identifies mutations in colorectal cancer undetected in tissue biopsy The results of the trial were twofold:
liquid biopsy effectively unmasked different tumor-related mutations. More specifically, in a subgroup of 41 patients who had received previously anti-EGFR therapy,
it was revealed that they had acquired KRAS mutations during the course of their disease. Such accurate information is difficult to obtain using tissue biopsy
and the results show the former (BEAMING technology) obtain more data on tumor mutation throughout the course of the disease,
enabling us to better target therapy to the specificities of patient's tumor; this could have a considerable impact on clinical practice,
The majority of clinical studies published on the use of DNA in blood to determine tumor genotype,
Arraytumor genotype plays an important role in drug resistance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer,
Liquid biopsy, also known as a blood-based biomarker test, is a fast, simple method for detecting RAS (KRAS and NAS) mutation status in tumors
and deliver targeted therapies tailored to the particularities of each tumor for an increasing number of patients.
for example, the possibility that not all tumors release enough DNA into the blood for it to be detected,
as well as the difficulty of assigning a particular genotype for each particular tumor in patients with multiple metastases,
Arraycolorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, with an estimated incidence rate of more than 1. 36 million new cases per year.
Around 694,000 people die from colorectal cancer every year, accounting for 8. 5%of all cancer deaths
ranking as the fourth most common cause of death from cancer. Approximately 55%of all colorectal cancer cases are diagnosed in the world's developed regions,
and the incidence and mortality rates are considerably higher among men than in women e
#Potential of blue LEDS as novel chemical-free food preservation technology A team of scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has found that blue light emitting diodes (LEDS) have strong antibacterial
effect on major foodborne pathogens, and are most effective when in cold temperatures (between 4°C and 15°C) and mildly acidic conditions of around ph 4. 5. This opens up novel possibilities of using blue LEDS as a chemical-free food preservation method.
In this study, the team placed three major foodborne pathogens--Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli o157: H7 and Salmonella typhimurium--under blue LED illumination,
#How the lung repairs its wounds Our lungs are exposed permanently to harmful environmental factors that can damage
According to the World health organization (WHO), lung diseases are the third most common cause of death worldwide:
toxic particles, infections, and chronic inflammatory responses pose a permanent threat to our lungs. To date, the regenerative mechanisms leading to healing of lung injury remain incompletely understood.
Since few to no causal therapies are in place for most lung diseases, it is important to understand how these healing processes,
which involve initial inflammation, fibrosis, and then resolution thereof, occur in the lung. Using novel mass spectrometry techniques,
an interdisciplinary team of scientists led by Prof. Matthias Mann, Director at the MPI of Biochemistry, and Prof.
The findings of the research team will provide an important basis for further translational research on the development of pulmonary fibrosis*and chronic lung diseases in general,
and abundance of proteins in patients with lung fibrosis and healthy individuals and will therefore likely lead to new approaches for the treatment of chronic lung diseases in general and lung fibrosis in particular,
#Nanospheres shield chemo drugs, safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions Scientists have designed nanoparticles that release drugs in the presence of a class of proteins that enable cancers to metastasize.
so that the very enzymes that make cancers dangerous could instead guide their destruction.""We can start with a small molecule
and build that into a nanoscale carrier that can seek out a tumor and deliver a payload of drug,
The system takes advantage of a class enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases that many cancers make in abundance.
The shell fragments form a ragged mesh that holds the drug molecules near the tumor.
builds on his group's earlier sucess using a similar strategy to mark tumors for both diagnosis and precise surgical removal.
That means the drug was inactivated as it flowed through the circulatory system until it reached the tumor.
The protection allowed the researchers to safely give a dose 16 times higher than they could with the formulation now used in cancer clinics,
in a test in mice with grafted in fibrosarcoma tumors. In additional preliminary tests, Callmann and colleagues were able to halt the growth of the tumors for a least two weeks,
using a single lower dose of the drug. In mice treated with the nanoparticles coated with peptides that are impervious to MMPS or given saline,
the tumors grew to lethal sizes within that time. Gianneschi says they will broaden their approach to create delivery systems for other diagnostic and therapeutic molecules."
We'll test this in other models--with other classes of drug and in mice with a cancer that mimics metastatic breast cancer, for example."
"Additional authors include Matthew Thompson in Gianneschi's chemistry research group and Christopher Barback, David Hall and Robert Mattrey in UC San diego's Moores Cancer Center.
Callmann holds a fellowship through the Cancer Researchers in Nanotechnology Program at UC San diego. The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
essential in the treatment of chronic diabetic kidney disease. The drug, given in this trial at one of four doses based on disease severity,
returned blood potassium levels to normal when measured at four weeks and kept them under control for one year, the length of the trial.
a huge deal,"said George Bakris, MD, professor of medicine and director of the Comprehensive Hypertension Center at the University of Chicago Medicine."
Patients most at risk are those with chronic kidney disease combined with diabetes and hypertension or heart failure.
patients with hyperkalemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. All patients were taking RAAS inhibitors to treat their CKD prior to and during study treatment.
Thirty-five percent of patients also suffered from heart failure. Depending on the severity of their hyperkalemia
The combination of chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, hyperkalemia and, in about one-third of cases, heart failure, can be deadly.
and worsening of hypertension, plus constipation and diarrhea. Events related to patiromer primarily involved low magnesium, mild to moderate constipation and diarrhea.
Forty-four patients, 14.5 percent of the total, had serious adverse events. None of the serious events was attributed by the investigator to patiromer.
and evaluate aldosterone blockade in heart failure patients.""Previous research demonstrated the short-term benefits of patiromer,
#Noninvasive device could end daily finger pricking for people with diabetes A new laser sensor that monitors blood glucose levels without penetrating the skin could transform the lives of millions of people living with diabetes.
Currently, many people with diabetes need to measure their blood glucose levels by pricking their fingers,
this technology opens up the potential for people with diabetes to receive continuous readings, meaning they are alerted instantly
or readings directly to doctors, allowing them to profile how a person is managing their diabetes over time."
"Diabetes is a growing problem, with the need for noninvasive glucose monitoring becoming ever more critical.
This unique technology could help empower millions of people to better manage their diabetes and minimise interventions with healthcare providers.
The ultimate development of two distinct products--a finger-touch and a wearable--could give people with different types of diabetes the option of a device that best suits their lifestyle."
Professor Grant, Professor of Medicine at the University of Leeds and Consultant diabetes specialist, said:"
"Noninvasive monitoring will be particularly valuable in young people with Type 1 diabetes. Within this group, those who are attempting very tight control such as young women going through pregnancy
has identified a gene that underlies healthy information processing--a first step on a complicated road to understand cognitive aging and age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
"said Dr. Tom Mosley, director of the Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center at UMMC and senior scientist on the study."
which researchers from around the world work together to search for genetic causes of disease in the general aging population.
It is of interest that the gene has also been suggested in other studies to be involved in autism and personality traits."
and analytic resources, is significantly enhancing our ability to identify genes related to complex brain functions and disease."
#Nanoparticles used to prevent inflammatory acne through slow-released nitric oxide GW researcher and dermatologist, Adam Friedman, M d,
and prevent acne through nanotechnology. This research, published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, identified that the nanoparticles were effective at killing Proprionobacterium acnes,
the gram positive bacteria associated with acne, and even more importantly, they inhibited the damaging inflammation that result in the large,
painful lesions associated with inflammatory acne.""Our understanding of acne has changed dramatically in the last 15-20 years,
"said Friedman, associate professor of dermatology at the GW School of medicine and Health Sciences and co-author of the study."
"Inflammation is really the driving force behind all types of acne. In this paper, we provide an effective a way to kill the bacterium that serves as a stimulus for Acne without using an antibiotic,
and demonstrate the means by which nitric oxide inhibits newly recognized pathways central to the formation of a pimple,
present in the skin even before you can see the acne.""While the body makes nitric oxide for many purposes, its impact,
such as anti-inflammatory effects, are lived short. Because nitric oxide interacts with its environment so quickly and is active for only a few seconds,
which the nanoparticles could be a new way to tackle Acne, one of the most common dermatologic diseases affecting between 40-50 million people each year.
Acne develops due to an inappropriate immune system response to various factors, including bacteria on the skin such as P. acnes.
The focus of this study was on a new pathway that was highlighted recently by the team at UCLA,
involving what is known as an inflammasome, responsible for the activation of the inflammatory process in Acne."
"Many current medications focus only on one or two part of this process,"said Friedman.""By killing the bacterium and blocking multiple components of the inflammasome,
this approach may lead to better treatment options for acne sufferers, and possibly treatments for other inflammatory skin conditions
"Those tornadoes result in approximately 80 deaths and 1, 500 injuries each year. Our goal was to develop new technology that would help protect individuals against the impact of debris during natural disasters,
#HIV uses immune system's own tools to suppress it The study's goal was to determine how HIV manages to compromise antiviral responses in the initial period of infection,
also called the acute infection stage, during which the virus establishes itself in the body.
The acute infection is considered a critical period in determining the complexity, extent and progression of the disease.
It is also during this stage that HIV establishes latent infection in long-lasting cellular reservoirs.
which are the immune system's first line of defence against viral infections and are known to have a beneficial role in the early stages of HIV infection,
"says Dr. Cohen, Director of the Human Retrovirology research unit at the IRCM.""The problem is that HIV has developed mechanisms to suppress the Interferon response and, until now,
"Most of the Interferon is produced by a very small population of immune cells called pdcs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells), responsible for providing immediate defence against infections.
when they recognize the presence of a pathogen, they secrete Interferon. The Interferon then triggers a large array of defence mechanisms in nearby cells, creating an antiviral state that prevents the dissemination and, ultimately,
and leads to persistent infection, "adds Dr. Bego.""We found that HIV, through Vpu, takes advantage of the role played by BST2 by maintaining its ability to activate ILT7 and limit the production of Interferon,
"Our findings can provide tools to enhance antiviral responses during the early stages of infection.
We believe that such interventions during primary infection have the potential to limit the establishment and complexity of viral reservoirs,
or wiped out during early periods of infection, will bring us closer to ending HIV/AIDS,
Better, cheaper and more effective drugs to combat cancer, arthritis and many other disorders. This is the result of a ground-breaking new technique developed by a group of researchers from the Faculty of health and Medical sciences at the University of Copenhagen.
The method can improve a large number of so-called glycoprotein-based pharmaceuticals used to treat a variety of diseases.
One example is antibodies for cancer patients, which--by the way--is a very expensive form of therapy,
#'Cancer Driver Gene'reduces metastasis in prostate cancer A gene that is responsible for cancer growth plays a totally unexpected role in prostate cancer.
and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institiute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR) discovered a missing link for an essential role of Stat3
and IL-6 signalling in prostate cancer progression. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an important cytokine that controls the cell survival and tumor growth.
Hyperactive IL-6 may support cancer growth particularly as it controls STAT3, which was shown to have an oncogenic role in most tumours.
Many therapies are designed therefore to suppress IL-6 or STAT3. But the situation is different in prostate cancer.
Lukas Kenner's research group has shown that, contrary to expectations; active STAT3 suppresses cell growth in prostate tumours.
These findings have consequences for prostate cancer metastasis, "explained Jan Pencik, a Phd fellow in the lab, headed by Lukas Kenner.
For this reason, STAT3 and p14arf are suited ideally to act as biomarkers for the prognosis of this disease.
As only about 10%of patients with prostate cancer die from the disease, this can help to prevent unnecessary therapeutic interventions with severe side effects such as incontinence and impotence.
Receptor blockers can enhance prostate cancer The reversed role of interleukin 6 as an inhibitor of prostate cancer has an additional significance.
Blockade of interleukin 6 is used to treat other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. According to Kenner, this means that therapies that block the IL-6 pathway may enhance the growth of prostate cancer.
Thus, the drug that is used to treat inflammatory disease may exacerbate malignancies.""Applying IL-6/Stat3 blockers to clinical practice might be dangerous for patients with cancerous lesions,
further studies are mandatory to assess the possibility of increased cancer risk right now, "says coauthor of this study, Helmut Dolznig, also from the Medical University of Vienna.
The study was financed mainly by the LBI-CR and the FWF. These results have just been published in the distinguished scientific journal Nature Communications s
#Device keeps donor livers healthy outside the body until transplant The technique and device are part of a Phase 1 clinical trial at Toronto General Hospital (TGH),
The new preservation solution decreases inflammation and protects the liver from injury. The liver is the second organ in the body
preventing the disease in infants as well as opportunities to improve care. They determined which populations are at greatest risk
"The database has allowed us to assess the national burden of HIV infection through vertical transmission throughout the HIV/AIDS epidemic
and effective drugs with fewer side effects to treat conditions including high blood pressure, diabetes, depression and even some types of cancer.
#Discovery about brain protein causes rethink on development of Alzheimer's disease Researchers at the University of Melbourne have discovered that a protein involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease also has properties that could be helpful for human health.
The discovery helps researchers better understand the complicated brain chemistry behind the development of Alzheimer's disease, a condition that affects hundreds of thousands of Australians.
Researchers have been interested intensely in the role of beta-amyloid in the development of Alzheimer's disease. This is because clumps of the protein are formed in brains of people with the illness.
In the late 1990s, high levels of copper were discovered within these clumps. Copper is essential to health,
Many scientists began to suspect that this copper might be contributing to the disease. They found that beta-amyloid can bind to copper indiscriminately
and the number of people affected by the Alzheimer's disease continues to grow. Dr Drew and the team from Poland are now working to develop a method for identifying the copper-bound form of the short beta amyloid in the body.
and how this may change in aging and disease.""If a beneficial role in copper balance can be established,
"As the amount of beta amyloid in the brain increases during Alzheimer's disease, the shorter form can also clump together
PCR is used in the early diagnosis of hereditary and infectious diseases, and for analysis of ancient DNA samples of mummies and mammoths.
#New cancer marker identified; possible therapeutic target for breast cancer A new way to detect --and perhaps treat--one of the deadliest types of breast cancer has been found.
Researchers from BUSM and the University of Cyprus compared the markers on the surface of the cancer cells to gene expression profile of breast tumors deposited by researchers in international public databases
they found that the tumor growth was significantly slower in models. Furthermore, models that received the altered cancer cells had very small or no metastasis to the lungs,
which suggested that IL13RA2 was involved in cancer growth and spread.""This discovery offers a glimmer of hope for patients stricken with BLBC.
Personalized cancer therapies could be developed by targeting breast cancer cells that express copious levels of IL13RA2,
"explained corresponding author Sam Thiagalingam, Phd, associate professor of genetics & genomics, medicine and pathology & laboratory medicine at BUSM.
Other deadly cancers, including brain, pancreatic, ovarian, and colonic cancers also can have high levels of IL13RA2
which suggests its importance.""Studies directed at this biomarker will be of high significance to improve the quality of life of all cancer patients harboring this alteration,"added Thiagalingam.
While this is hopeful news for some patients, more research is needed to further understand not only IL13RA2, but other molecules in breast cancers that may guide diagnosis, prognosis,
#Paper Test Quickly Detects Ebola, Dengue, And Yellow fever Researchers in the US have developed a silver nanoparticle-based paper test to simultaneously detect dengue, yellow fever and Ebola.
This could provide a cheap and reliable diagnosis for all three diseases, that as quick as a home pregnancy test.
The Ebola epidemic in West Africa underscores an urgent need for rapid diagnostics; quick identification and patient isolation can benefit the sick and the healthy.
However, dengue, yellow fever and Ebola all initially manifest as a fever and headache, so are mixed easily up.
Now, this huge problem has a tiny solution an 8×3cm lateral flow test. Lee Gehrke and his team at the Massachusetts institute of technology and Harvard Medical school adapted the traditional single marker lateral flow test to diagnose several diseases at once.
It costs $2, takes 10 minutes, and there is no need for a power supply, trained specialist or expensive equipment.
The test is made from strips of paper containing antibodies attached to triangular silver nanoparticles of varying size according to the disease they recognize
distinctive colored lines appear on the paper to indicate positive results for Ebola, dengue or yellow fever.
but the team are also working on a mobile phone application to aid diagnosis. n app could be very useful for diseases that are mosquito-spread,
and geographical stamp to the test results so the spread of disease can be followed in real-time.
hey have solved the immense problem of detecting multiple disease targets at the same time. The next step will be to clinically validate the technology.
One South Boston restaurant added the hashtag##cabin fever#to its Twitter messages. The area's deepest snowfall on Sunday was the 20 inches (50 cm) recorded in Ipswich, Massachusetts,
The epidemic has killed nearly 9, 000 people over the last year, mainly in the three worst-affected West african nations.
say will prevent some inherited incurable diseases but which critics see as a step towards creating designer babies.
It is designed to help families with mitochondrial diseases, incurable conditions passed down the maternal line that affect around one in 6,
brain disorders, blindness and muscular dystrophy. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA is separate from DNA found in the cell nucleus and does not affect human characteristics such as hair or eye color, appearance or personality traits."
the choice to become a mother without fear of passing on a lifetime under the shadow of mitochondrial disease to their child,"Robert Meadowcroft,
chief executive of the Muscular dystrophy Campaign, said following the Vote in an open letter to lawmakers, 11 international campaign groups, including the U s. United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation,
described the condition as"unimaginably cruel.""""It strips our children of the skills they have learned,
referring to Cameron's son Ivan who suffered from cerebral palsy and severe epilepsy and died aged six in 2009.
Critics say the technique will lead to the creation of genetically modified"designer babies"however,
a 68-year-Old south Korean man developed a cough and fever. He visited four health facilities seeking treatment
and inadvertently triggered the biggest outbreak of Middle east Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outside that region, and what is verging on national panic at home.
More than half of South korea's infections have been traced to a hospital in Pyeongtaek city, 65 km (40 miles) southwest of Seoul, where the man shared a room with another patient."
and it appears that more infections took place as he went out of the room for checks,
an infectious disease specialist advising the government. Others became infected at three of the four health facilities the man visited,
"We reported him to the disease control center but because he went to Bahrain, which was all we knew at that time,
most of the MERS infections in South korea came from the health facilities the index patient visited. x
the soft mesh might even be used in humans to treat conditions such as Parkinson disease, says Charles Lieber, a chemist at Harvard university on Cambridge, Massachusetts,
it could potentially treat brain damage caused by a stroke, as well as Parkinson disease. Lieber team is funded not by the US govern ment US$4. 5-billion Brain research through advancing innovative neurotechnologies (BRAIN INITIATIVE,
launched in 2013, but the work points to the power of that effort multidisciplinary approach,
Then within 24 hours or so of an infection or injury, they start to take these structures apart."
This unexpected insight could lead to new treatments for Alzheimer's disease, gout and a host of other ailments,
June 30 (Reuters)- The World health organization on Tuesday declared Cuba the first country in the world to eliminate the transmission of HIV and syphilis from mother to child.
In 2013, only two children in Cuba were born with HIV and five with syphilis, the statement said."
The PAHO and WHO credited Cuba with offering women early access to prenatal care, HIV and syphilis testing,
The two organizations began an effort to end congenital transmission of HIV and syphilis in Cuba and other countries in The americas in 2010.
a neurobiological Oz crewing our bodies and minds from behind the scenes with unique biology and unique pathologies.
When exposed to foreign bacteria, viruses, tumors, and transplant tissue, the body stirs up a torrent of immune activity:
white blood cells devour invading pathogens and burst compromised cells; antibodies tag outsiders for destruction. Except, that is, in the brain.
meaning it can tolerate the introduction of outside pathogens and tissues. The central nervous system was seen as existing separately from the peripheral immune system,
In most parts of the body, antigens molecules on pathogens or foreign tissue that alert our immune system to potential threats are presented to white blood cells in our the lymph nodes causing an immune response.
namely how the immune system contributes to neurological and psychiatric disease. t early to speculate, says Kipnis,
ut I think that alteration in these vessels may affect disease progression in those neurological disorders with a prominent immune component, such as multiple sclerosis, autism and Alzheimer disease."
"For example MS, at least in some cases, is thought to result from autoimmune activity in response to an infection in the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid.
and that somehow improving their patency might help rid the brain of the pathologic protein.
Other recent work by Kipnis and colleagues found that an injury to the central nervous system results in a strong activation of T-cells in the deep cervical lymph nodes.
that too much or too little drainage from the central nervous system to the immune system might contribute to brain disease.
Abnormal immune activity was reported in schizophrenia in the 1930s, and numerous mental and neurologic illnesses are known
One implant eases the involuntary tremors associated with Parkinson disease. Another allows completely paralyzed patients to manipulate robotic arms.
Such research may provide valuable insights into the causes of brain disease and how the brain processes informationpening the door for reverse engineering certain processes in computers,
or restoring a degree of freedom to those suffering paralysis. And more.)And of course, the less invasive, the better.
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