the ship knows to drain the water so the crew can investigate. All of this automation means the ship will carry a crew of just over 150alf of
These are used to reduce energy and water consumption and pollution. Dubai, United arab emirates Although in the early stages yet, Dubai announced plans last year to turn itself into a smart city.
#Discovery of water-containing gem points to vast oceans beneath the Earth The Earth transition zone is the part of the Earth that exists between the upper and lower mantle.
Many believe that the transition zone contains a lot of water, but there was no proof to support that idea.
A group of geologists from the University of Alberta uncovered a water-containing gem that finally confirms this theory:
there is water, possibly massive oceans of it, deep beneath the Earth surface. The tiny gem was an accidental find
Their final results showed that the gem contained 1. 5 percent of its weight in water.
This discovery proves the theory that the Earth transition zone not only contains water but might also contain more water than every surface ocean combined.
This would make this discovery one of the biggest geological finds in decades. Because it so difficult to dig a hole deep enough to reach even the upper mantle of the Earth
having proof that water exists in the transition zone changes much of what we know about Earth and its composition o
Robots can help conduct research in deep oceans and harsh climates, or deliver food and medical supplies to disaster areas.
For that reason, the open ocean is the first place robots are firing on targets. In more cluttered environments like the cities where most recent wars have been fought,
#New 3d printed materials lighter than water and as strong as steel A Nanoscribe 3d printer can print models of the Empire state building in a space the width of a human hair using precision lasers.
believe such 3d printers may help craft a new generation of materials lighter than water and strong as steel.
and the world they live in is an extremely visual one. ill Van Eron owner of Headwaters
As planned by the lamplight Ambio consists of a transparent tube filled with artificial sea water
If not managed properly cover crops can deprive cash crops of water or even reduce yields. Although they make sense in theory many have wondered how cover crops would work in the real world.
The farmers responding to the survey grew cover crops on an estimated 218000 acres in 36 states mostly in the Mississippi river basin.
The system then combines the field data with a diversity of public data from the National oceanic and atmospheric administration the National aeronautics and space administration and the U s. Geological Survey and private data from companies like Earth Networks.
when resources like water are at a premium. For instance many farmers are now using methods like flow-through irrigation drip irrigation micro-sprinklers and more efficient use of groundwater to increase yields.
Getting more crop per drop not only improves farm productivity but provides enough return on investment to fund additional high-tech solutions.
While the days of farmers using the divining rod to find water are passed long since many farmers especially in developing countries still rely too much on guesswork in making planting irrigation and harvesting decisions.
Yet in U k. waters the abundant but undesirable creatures often fill fishing nets and trawls much to the displeasure of fishermen.
because nobody does said Clive Trueman a researcher from Britain's National oceanography centre and the University of Southampton laughing.
Spooky Deep-sea Creatures In a new study Trueman and colleagues found that deep-sea fish capture more than a million tons of carbon dioxide from U k. and Irish surface waters each year.
Many scientists have assumed that bottom feeders get most of their energy from tiny particles of organic matter that settle on the seafloor.
instead that at least half or more of all the fish living on the seafloor might get their energy from animals that migrate each day between the surface and deep water like jellyfish cephalopods and small fish.
otherwise recycle CO2 back into the atmosphere through the surface waters. But when they get eaten close to the seafloor by animals that never come to the surface all of the carbon these roving fish were packing gets locked down at the bottom of the ocean Trueman explained.
The researchers collected hundreds of muscle tissue samples from fish caught in trawls on the continental slope west of Ireland at depths ranging from 500 to 1800 meters (1640 to 5900 feet.
Natural carbon sinks like forests and oceans are critical for helping soak up some of these gases.
The paper may have more relevance for our understanding of biogeochemical cycles internal to the oceans.
and mining operations move into deeper waters Trueman said researchers will need to understand how bottom feeders which may play an important
or anchor machines to the seafloor, researchers say. The robotic digging machine, dubbed Roboclam, takes cues from the prolific burrowing abilities of the Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus),
a species of large mollusk found along the Atlantic coast of North america. By mimicking how these clams burrow through muddy soil in their coastal habitats,
This rapid movement sucks in water, which creates a pocket of liquid, quicksand-like material around the clam's body.
because its motors sit above the surface of the water, Winter said. Finding the sweet spot Winter said he was surprised"pleasantly"that the Roboclam could work as efficiently as the creatures that inspired it.
the water and sand did not mix into the proper fluid consistency. If the shells moved too slowly
blow up underwater mines or set sensors in the ocean.""The research was published online today (April 8) in the journal Bioinspiration & Biomimetics s
which requires extensive water energy and chemical use as well as energy for transporting that feed live animals and animal products.
So do ocean dwelling distant relatives like shrimp. It's why they make such a loud crunching sound
#New water-spray technology reduces coal dust by 60%Technology that has been in development by Southern Illinois University (SIU) researchers for over four years is now ready to be sold.
and relies on existing principles of water spraying which have been used for nearly a century to minimise the levels of coal dust in the air.
The new technology utilises precise placement of water spray nozzles, designed to create an mbrellaeffect to seal dust clouds in with spray,
There is an increase in the number of nozzles used and the water flow in marginally increased, in comparison to standard spray setups.
The Lumimems Reader is able to operate in air, water and other fluids or in a vacuum
and the equivalent of around 20 Olympic swimming pools of rainwater-quality water was discharged safely. Sludge is a semisolid by-product of wastewater treatment
and the mine water to be treated in a more environmentally sound way, CSIRO scientist Dr Grant Douglas said. educing the amount of sludge is beneficial
Like the leaves of a plant, the material requires only exposure to sunlight and a small amount of water to produce oxygen."
"On USS Ponce, Laws has been in test and development mode since August 2014 in the Gulf.
when placed in water. But if it is simply cut in half, it will reattach itself.
The project is the brainchild of the same clean tech researchers who last year invented a billboard capable of generating drinkable water out of thin air.
That billboard generated up to 26 gallons of water a day by collecting humidity from the air.
water and dishwashing detergent, mix them up in a blender at high speed, and come up with graphene sheets.
The property is also five times more water-efficient than the normal house, with low-flow fixtures and short-run hot-water pipes.
Says Mohammed Saddiq general manager of GENECO in a press statement issued by parent company Wessex Water:
#High-tech Exosuit gives divers access to unexplored ocean canyons Michael Lombardi the dive safety officer for the American Museum of Natural history trains in the Exosuit.
240 kilograms) designed for ocean depths down to 1000 feet (305 meters) another extreme environment where no one can hear you scream.
and conduct imaging studies of the animals that live in The Canyons a region off the New england coast where the continental shelf plunges to depths of more than 10000 feet (3050 m). Dangers in the Deep:
10 Scariest Sea Creatures The one-of-a-kind Exosuit on display at the American Museum of Natural history (AMNH) now through March 5 measures 6. 5 feet (2 meters) tall
and biofluorescence in the mesopelagic zone found at 656 to 3281 feet (200 to 1000 m) below the ocean's surface where light is dim
Billions of marine animals migrate vertically on a daily basis from deep within the ocean's darkest abysses to the surface where they feed at night only to drop thousands of feet back to the depths before dawn.
Our access to these deeper open water and reef habitats has been limited which has restricted our ability to investigate the behavior
and flashing patterns of bioluminescent organisms or to effectively collect fishes and invertebrates from deep reefs John Sparks a curator in the American Museum of Natural history's Department of Ichthyology said in a statement.
which owns the Exosuit) the AMNH the John B. Pierce Laboratory at Yale university Baruch College-City university of New york the University of Rhode island and Arizona State university.
#$1. 7 million personal submarine lets you'fly'underwater Adventurers with deep pockets can now explore the hidden depths of the ocean,
The Deepflight Super Falcon, developed by California-based Hawkes Ocean Technologies, is winged a two-seater submersible that can take passengers on undersea joyrides.
founder and chief technical officer of Hawkes Ocean Technologies, told the Chronicle.""It is like flying in the air,
To dive, submarines fill the space between the two shells with water, changing the ship's density
When submarines remain on the water's surface the area between the two shells is filled with air,
however, dives underwater like a whale, using thrust to generate"downward lift"to help the vehicle descend below the water's surface.
Hawkes Ocean Technologies, founded in 1996, got its start designing submersibles for the military and scientific communities.
#Metal surface is so water-repellent that drops of water bounce off it like balls Researchers at the University of Rochester have created a metal surface so hydrophobic that water bounces off it
Water dropped over the metal appears like candy-dispenser bouncy balls as it richochets off.
To create the effect researchers used lasers to etch nanoscale structures into the metal surface that repel the water.
Because they are etched in at such a microscopic level they do not rub off meaning that metals etched with these structures never lose their water-resistance.
Also airplanes etched in these nanostructures could potentially avoid the dangers of water freezing on the wings.
More efficient water recollection systems could even be designed for use in underdeveloped countries. The possibilities are numerous.
Though perhaps it's simply enough to be dazzled by displays of water bouncing around like balls. he material is so strongly water-repellent the water actually gets bounced offsaid Chunlei Guo a professor of optics
#Watch Bill gates drink a big glass of filtered poop water Sedro-Woolley, a slightly Twin peaks-y logging outpost located about two hours north of Seattle in Skagit County,
He sipped on potable purified poop water that, just a few moments before, looked nothing like the clear liquid you expect to come out of your kitchen faucet."
"It's water,"the billionaire philanthropist announced, deadpan, to a rapt crowd of onlookers after he took a polite swig of the stuff without grimacing.
The miraculous poo-to-water transformation was made possible by the Omniprocessor, a large machine/small waste treatment plant developed by Janicki Bioenergy (an offshoot of Sedro-Woolley-based Janicki Industries)
Gates himself describes the waste-to-water process on his Gates Notes blog: I watched the piles of feces go up the conveyer belt and drop into a large bin.
The water tasted as good as any Ie had out of a bottle. And having studied the engineering behind it,
The molecules were positioned to create speckled patterns that would result in a holographic'S'.The sea of electrons that exists naturally at the surface of the copper layer served as their illumination.
Just as water bouncing off stones in a show pond create a rippling wave patterns, these electrons interfere with the carbon monoxide molecules to create a quantum hologram.
and rays produced calcium carbonate in their guts to rid themselves of excess calcium ingested from seawater.
But this process hadn't been factored into models of ocean chemistry.""This is the first study that has tried even to link carbonate production by fish to global carbon cycles,
and measured the amount excreted by the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta),
they used two independent computer models to calculate the total mass of fish in the world's oceans.
The models suggested that there are between 0. 8 billion tonnes and 2 billion tonnes of fish biomass in the oceans.
before this, unrecognized source of calcium carbonate in the ocean,"says Victoria Fabry, an oceanographer at California State university,
San marcos. And this might elucidate why ocean surface waters are more alkaline, or less acidic, than models have predicted.
and reduce the acidity of the water.""It helps explain a dilemma we had with the calcium-carbonate budget,
"says Richard Feely, an oceanographer at the National oceanic and atmospheric administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle, Washington,
Ocean scientists have warned that plankton and corals will produce less calcium carbonate as the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere rises,
Fish make calcium carbonate by combining calcium from seawater with carbonate ions generated from CO2 in their bodies.
If the amount of atmospheric CO2 goes up as expected leading to a CO2 increase in the oceans the fish may produce more carbonate ions and thus more calcium carbonate.
but it could also reduce the average size of fish in the oceans. Smaller fish,
which mercury is used to form an amalgam with gold particles in river sediments; or China's use of mercury catalysts in the manufacture of plastics.
000-5, 000 metres above sea level, yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is prescribed in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine for a wide range of conditions including impotence, asthma and cancer.
A total of 314 different types of bacteria were collected in air masses around 10 kilometres above the Gulf of mexico
the Caribbean sea, the Atlantic ocean, and the continental United states. Although the scientists trapped only a small amount of material,
when water molecules in the air coalesce around a seed particle, often dust or soot. Depending on temperature, these complexes can grow into large water droplets or frozen balls of ice,
leading to cloud formation and rain or snow. The latest findings support emerging theories that bacterial communities
#Ceramics surprise with durable dryness Coatings that repel water are found in myriad applications#they keep car windscreens clear in storms, for example,
following the discovery that a well-known family of durable ceramics can repel water. That is surprising because most ceramics are hydrophilic.
When water meets a ceramic such as aluminium oxide the water s oxygen atoms share some of their electrons with vacant electron orbitals on the aluminium atoms,
and the oxygens in the ceramic share their electrons with hydrogen in the water. This binds the two together.
But what if a ceramic failed to accept electrons from water? Then the ceramic might actually be reasoned hydrophobic
Kripa Varanasi, a materials scientist at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) in Cambridge. He looked to the oxides of the lanthanides#the row of metals nestled almost at the bottom of the periodic table, from cerium to lutetium.
which should make them much less attractive to water s oxygen, thought Varanasi. Proving that sometimes the simplest experiments are the best,
The team then dropped water onto the pellets and watched what happened. Every single one repelled the liquid.
When water condensed on to the discs, it did so in neat droplets rather than the films that would form on non-hydrophobic materials such as silicon.
Gisele Azimi and Adam T. Paxsona thin film made of a water-repelling ceramic material#here a rare-earth oxide#can help you stay dry.
The water-repelling properties of cerium dioxide had been noticed before2 for example by a student working with Barry Cheung, a materials scientist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
missing oxygen atoms#that allowed water to latch on. Cheung suggests that Varanasi's ceramics were particularly hydrophobic
water condenses onto the blades and forms droplets many micrometres across. The rotating blades lose energy as they smash into these droplets, accounting for up to 30%of the inefficiency of the turbine,
A hydrophobic coating made of tough ceramic would prevent films of water forming on the blades,
where films of water on the blades can, if they freeze in cold weather, lead to catastrophic failures.
#Genomes link Aboriginal australians to Indians Some Aboriginal australians can trace as much as 11%of their genomes to migrants who reached the island around 4, 000 years ago from India,
In Madagascar, the team identified four mammal species#including two lemurs#representing one in eight of all the island s mammals.
#Meteorite carries ancient water from Mars It may just look like your average rock, but in fact it's an extra-special delivery from the red planet.
Laboratory analysis has revealed that a specimen bought from a Moroccan meteorite dealer in 2011 is the first sample of Martian origin that is similar to the water-rich rocks examined by NASA s rovers.
contains a concentration of water by weight about ten times higher than in any of the other 100
found in the Sahara desert, has a higher water content than any Martian meteorite previously analysed.
Those rocks showed evidence of chemical alteration by interactions with liquid water, notes Agee. The composition of NWA 7034 also matches that of rocks studied by Curiosity, NASA s newest rover,
or surface processes involving water may have lasted well beyond the 4-billion-year mark, Agee adds.
That is not a surprise, given the map of hydrogen (a stand-in for water) generated by an instrument on the Mars Odyssey orbiting spacecraft and the presence of small amounts of water in younger Martian meteorites
and the presence of water in it suggests that crustal rocks on Mars interacted with surface water that was delivered by volcanic activity,
whether that water content truly reveals an abundance of surface water on Mars 2. 1 billion years ago awaits further study u
but proponents of a hydrogen economy say that it could be produced in vast quantities from water using excess electricity from wind turbines and solar plants.
Furthermore, the reaction uses both the catalyst and a strong alkali to rip apart methanol and water, turning them into three parts hydrogen and one part carbon dioxide.
and with the help of satellite imaging and undersea sensors, researchers have discovered a long-elusive source for the deep ocean streams of cold water that help to regulate the Earth's climate.
Antarctic bottom water (AABW) is cold, highly saline water that forms near the shores of Antarctica.
Being denser than typical seawater, it sinks to the depths and then moves north in sluggish currents that spread across the globe.
in the Weddell sea, was found in 1940; two others were found in the Ross Sea
and along the Ad#lie Coast of East Antarctica in the 1960s and 70s. But for years, researchers have suggested that these were not the only ones.
In particular, water samples from an area called the Weddell gyre contain atmospheric pollutants known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS),
indicating that the deep water came into contact with the air far too recently to have been carried there from one of the known AABW sinks.
and his colleagues have traced that water to a fourth AABW source, in the Cape Darnley polynya.
Polynyas are regions of open water near sea ice that are kept from freezing by wind and currents that sweep newly formed ice away.
because most of the salt in sea water is expelled as it freezes. Armed with the hypothesis that the missing source might be such a polynya,
the researchers moored instruments on the seabed, hoping to spot the descending current. In addition, they relied on data from elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) tagged with instruments that monitor ocean conditions."
"The seals went to an area of the coastline that no ship was ever going to get to,
"punching through into a layer of this dense water cascading down to the abyss. They gave us very rare and valuable wintertime measurements of this process.
The new finding fills a gap in researchers understanding of the Southern ocean s role in global climate,
the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet and changes in sea level, says Richard Alley, a geophysicist at Pennsylvania State university in University Park,
the resulting changes in cold-water circulation could have important effects on global climate, letting the ocean depths warm
and thereby changing the rate of heat exchange between Antarctica and the tropics. Moreover, he says
sea levels could rise#owing to the fact that water expands as it warms #and temperature changes could affect deep-sea ecosystems s
"Any water on the surface would disappear very quickly, Barclay says.""There is almost no chance of an atmosphere or liquid on the surface.
The researchers tested their approach on 637 Austronesian languages spoken mainly on islands in Southeast asia and the Pacific, including Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia.
More impressively, the method allowed the authors to determine the structure of miyakosyne A a chemical made in very small quantities by a species of sea sponge.
including the planned closure of the Experimental Lakes Area research station in northwestern Ontario. But this year, the government offered some support for clean energy companies.
but they cannot operate in water#a serious obstacle to using such devices in living organisms.
Now, Saraf s team has shown that the nano-necklace device works in water and can monitor a cell s vital signs."
"Now that we can do this in water, we want to try mammalian cells, Saraf says
#Gene-analysis firms reach for the cloud For Chaim Jalas at the Center for Rare Jewish Genetic disorders in New york,
Oracle, based in Redwood Shores, California, has its own products aimed at helping researchers and hospitals to analyse data.
and at sea testing than any other company, says Caitlyn Antrim, executive director of the Rule of law Committee for the Oceans in WASHINGTON DC,
and a deep-seabed-mining consultant. The venture could add#40#billion (US$60#billion) to the UK economy over the next 30#years,
Cameron s government sponsored Lockheed s claim to the 58,000-square-kilometre potential mining site through the company s subsidiary UK Seabed Resources in London.
The International Seabed Authority in Kingston Jamaica, which granted the exploration rights, has granted also claims in the region to several other countries,
Polymetallic nodules form over thousands of years on the sea floor, through processes that are still not fully understood;
and the founder of Seaminr, a seabed-mining consultancy in Urbanna, Virginia. PAUL JACKMAN/NATUREHARVESTING nodules is technically easier than mining the mineral-rich remnants of non-active hydrothermal vents on the sea floor,
a proposal that has garnered also attention (see Nature 447,246-247; 2007). ) Nodules rest unattached, and often visible, in seafloor sediments,
so obtaining them would not entail grinding up rocky seafloor crust. Lockheed has released not specific plans,
but the general scheme for harvesting uses a device that moves along the sea floor, vacuuming or raking up nodules.
The equipment would grind down the nodules to create a slurry that would be pumped to ships
and then transported onshore for processing (see Wealth from the sea). The most lucrative product would probably be nickel,
or creatures that live higher in the water column, such as fish. A study at a nodule plain off Peru found that seafloor communities showed limited recovery after disturbance
with sediment dwellers gradually returning over 7 years (H.#Bluhm Deep-sea Res. II 48,3841-3868;
) Craig Smith, a deep-sea biologist at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, will lead an initial assessment of seafloor life for Lockheed s project, gathering baseline data for the potential harvest zone
One official emphasized that the administration had no intention of modifying existing plans for the outer continental shelf
#Life found deep under the sea For the first time, scientists have discovered microbes living deep inside Earth s oceanic crust#the dark volcanic rock at the bottom of the sea.
formed when water flows through the iron-rich rock, to convert carbon dioxide into organic matter.
Chemosynthesis also fuels life at other deep-sea locations such as hydrothermal vents but those are restricted to the edges of continental plates.
where rising lava meets sea water and cools. The newborn rock#mostly basalt#is pushed away from the ridges
the team heated the rock samples to 65#C in water rich in chemicals found on the sea floor.
Lever now plans to analyse fragments of crust collected from other sites in the Pacific ocean and the North atlantic."
ndosomes are like buckets of water that have to be kept full despite the leaks in them.
Altering either the faucet or the leak rate can dramatically change the water level in the bucket.
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