#Nasa Finds Liquid Water On Mars In a Mars-related press conference this morning NASA has announced that nder certain circumstancesliquid water has been found on Mars. ars is not the dry arid planet that we thought of in the past,
but scientists had thought the atmosphere of Mars was too thin for liquid water to be possible.
These streaks had been noticed to vary following temperature changes on the surface leading to a hypothesis that the substance was water.
The presence of perchlorate in the Martian soil improves the stability of liquid water on the surface of Mars,
NASA scientists said today enabling the liquid water to exist for longer before either freezing as the temperature on the planet drops,
This means that Marswater is riny rather than ure The viability for life to exist in this water is ot clearat this stage,
NASA added although the presence of liquid water itself gives a huge boost to that search. y feeling
water is an essential ingredient for life This is tremendously exciting. We haven been able to answer the question oes life exist beyond Earth,
but finding water is critical to that. We now have, I think, great opportunities to be in the right locations on Mars to thoroughly investigate that,
The presence of liquid water on Mars could also help any future human mission to the planet
and now we know there is liquid water on the surface of this cold, desert planet,
Another key difference comes from the use of a water-based electrolyte inside the battery.
Because water circulates inside it, the new design belongs to an emerging class of batteries called aqueous flow batteries."
and water as the solvent. In tests, the researchers compared the solar flow battery's performance to that of a typical lithium-iodine battery.
Another key difference comes from the use of a water-based electrolyte inside the battery.
Because water circulates inside it, the new design belongs to an emerging class of batteries called aqueous flow batteries."
and water as the solvent. In tests, the researchers compared the solar flow battery's performance to that of a typical lithium-iodine battery.
The technology has progressed to the point that experts need a machine to tell synthesized gems apart from those extracted from mines or rivers.
It is like dropping a stone into water and then watching the waves spread across the surface,
The biofuel is produced from draff the sugar rich kernels of barley soaked in water to facilitate the fermentation process necessary for whisky production and pot ale,
The biofuel is produced from draff the sugar rich kernels of barley soaked in water to facilitate the fermentation process necessary for whisky production and pot ale,
carbon dioxide and water into sugars. Instead of sugars, however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months
To do that, they need model systems to study nature's best designs, especially the catalysts that convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars at room temperatures."
#Signs of liquid water found on surface of Mars, scientists say Despite its reputation as a forebodingly dusty, desolate and lifeless place,
Scientists reported on Monday definitive signs of liquid water on the surface of present-day Mars,
"That's a direct detection of water in the form of hydration of salts,"Mcewen said."
"There pretty much has to have been liquid water recently present to produce the hydrated salt.""By"recently,"Mcewen said he meant"days, something of that order."
"Although young Mars was inundated by rivers, lakes and maybe even an ocean a few billion years ago,
Scientists have known long that large amounts of water remain but frozen solid in the polar ice caps.
There have been fleeting hints of recent liquid water, like fresh-looking gullies, but none have proved convincing.
Scientists suspected that water played a critical role in the phenomenon, perhaps similar to the way concrete darkens when wet, with no change in the shape of the surface,
"It's very definitive there is some sort of liquid water, "Ojha said. The perchlorate salts lower the freezing temperature,
and the water remains liquid. The average temperature of Mars is about minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit,
For one, scientists do not know where the water is coming from.""There are two basic origins for the water:
from above or from below,"Mcewen said. The perchlorates could be acting like a sponge, absorbing moisture out of the air,
Liquid water is considered one of the essential ingredients for life, and its presence raises the question of whether Mars,
Christopher P Mckay, an astrobiologist at Nasa's Ames Research center in Mountain view, California, does not think the RSLS are a very promising place to Look for the water to be liquid
"But the water has got nothing.""Earthly life adapts to many hostile environments, but Don juan Pond is lifeless.
David E Stillman, a scientist at the Southwest Research Institute's space studies department in Boulder, Colorado, said water for the streaks might be different in different regions.
suggesting that those waters might not be too salty for microbes.""If it was too salty,
#Ancient Mars had long-lasting lakes, rivers: Nasa Mars harboured long-lasting lakes and water streams about 3. 8 to 3. 3 billion years ago,
boosting the odds that life may have existed once on the Red planet, scientists, including one of Indian-origin,
have found. Using data from the Curiosity rover, Nasa's Mars science laboratory/Curiosity team has determined that, long ago,
water helped deposit sediment into Gale crater, where the rover landed more than three years ago. The sediment deposited as layers that formed the foundation for Mount Sharp,
and lakes existed at some point between about 3. 8 to 3. 3 billion years ago,
The findings build upon previous work that suggested there were ancient lakes on Mars, and add to the unfolding story of a wet Mars, both past and present.
Last month, Nasa scientists confirmed current water flows on Mars."It's clear that the Mars of billions of years ago more closely resembled Earth than it does today.
Others focused on the possibility that sediment layers were deposited in ancient lakes. The latest results indicate that these wetter scenarios were correct for the lower portions of Mount Sharp.
Based on the new analysis, the filling of at least the bottom layers of the mountain occurred mostly by ancient rivers and lakes over a period of less than 500 million years."
as well as places where streams appear to have emptied out into bodies of standing water, "Vasavada said."
"The prediction was that we should start seeing water-deposited, fine-grained rocks closer to Mount Sharp.
we're seeing finely laminated mudstones in abundance that look like lake deposits, "he said. The mudstone indicates the presence of bodies of standing water in the form of lakes that remained for long periods of time,
possibly repeatedly expanding and contracting during hundreds to millions of years. These lakes deposited the sediment that eventually formed the lower portion of the mountain.
The research was published in the journal Science e
#First nanosatellite functional: Nasa WASHINGTON: A miniature satellite sent in the space aboard an Atlas v rocket from the Vandenberg Air force base in California on October 8 is working fine,
when put in a glass of water, these 3d printed pills are (as you can see in the clip below) insanely quick. precia developed its Zipdose Technology platform using the 3dp technology that originated at MIT.
but the amount of water (the structure of the honeycomb) influences the exact frequency. All those voices can
Lewis is the Hansjörg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) and a Core Faculty member at the Ywss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard.
#Sponge Suit 3d printed bikini with cleantech material cleans water as you swim From the ocean to our local lakes and even neighbourhood swimming pools,
water contamination and pollution is an increasing concern. The ecological devastation from major oil spills can last for years,
A breakthrough uper-materialcreated by University of California Riverside engineers has the ability to repel water
and has been incorporated into a 3d printed bikini that will allow wearers to clean our oceans as they swim.
and Hamed Bay, Sponge is a highly porous and super hydrophobic material derived from heated sucrose (a form of sugar).
by helping clean seas while swimming, one stroke at a time. The team began development on the material four years ago for applications such as cleaning up oil spills
or desalinizing water, and predicts that it could be used in paint applied to airplanes and satellites,
the pads can simply be replaced with fresh ones to continue its water-cleaning mission without requiring the wearer to buy a brand new suit.
and will be presenting the entire concept at Maker Faire in Rome on Oct 16. bsorbing everything but water,
the material is a powerful tool for water and contaminant separation, said the developers. pongesuit is a preliminary effort to create an actively eco-conscious wearable technologyeprogrammability,
with any shape and form of swimming outfit, can contribute to the cleanliness of the seas by a sports activity or simply a leisurely summer vacation
#3d printed Micro-Fish to Explore the Oceans of Our Bodies In the exponentially vital industry of nanoengineering,
The material used was a tough and flexible silicone material called Shore 73a which is composed of thixotropic, a bit of kaolin mineral filler (10),
while freely fluctuating in water. In a similar way a model of a jellyfish was created also that exhibited lifelike motion.
While You Swim in the 3d printed Spongesuit Bikini As our oceans become more and more polluted by our habits of wasting
we may soon reach a point where we can no longer enjoy the pleasures that lay within the world waters.
which is a form of sugar has a highly porous structure that is simultaneously water-repellant and pollutant-absorbent.
while the environmental implications behind the material technology stands to help in many ways beyond a water cleaning bathing suit.
all while making the ocean a cleaner and more pristine place n
#Turning plastic waste into a resource What if we were to stop thinking about plastic waste as something to be disposed of,
durability and imperviousness to water means they are used everywhere, from packaging to cars and furniture and toys.
Most of the existing uses for old tyres involve making low value secondary products such as asphalt, aggregate for cement, artificial reefs, footwear, plastic and rubber composites,
The opah Lampris guttatus has a global range that includes the southern waters of Australia and swims at depths between 10 and 450 metres.
As the warm blood leaves the core and travels toward the surface of the gills, it transfers its heat to the cold blood that is travelling back from the gills where it has absorbed oxygen from the water.
and says the exchange stops the heat from nearing the gill surface where it would be cooled by the water flow through the gills.
insulating them from the frigid water. The researchers found the opah was able to maintain body warmth of about 5 degrees Celsius higher than the surrounding water temperature."
"The fish aren't warming up to the same degree as animals and birds,"says Wegner."
"If the opah was swimming in waters at 10 degrees Celsius than its body temperature would be about 15 degrees Celsius."
and also attached temperature tags to wild fish that could measure both the water temperature and body core temperature.
the southern moonfish is known to be very active despite living in cold, deep waters.""They are very,
and has the ability to go into deeper water.""Wegner says he thinks the Lampris may be unique,
Their innovative Hydrelio Floating PV system allows standard PV panels to be installed on large bodies of water such as:
drinking water reservoirs, quarry lakes, irrigation canals, remediation and tailing ponds, and hydro electric dam reservoirs.
This simple and affordable alternative to ground-mounted systems is particularly suitable for water-intensive industries who cannot afford to waste either land or water.
it may soon be feasible to harness the sun to split water. In the Labasianscientist (Oct 13, 2015)- Researchers at the University of Tokyo and Miyazaki University have produced hydrogen under natural sunlight at an energy conversion efficiency of 24.4 percent,
using high efficiency solar cells to power water electrolysis. Their results, published in Applied Physics Express,
***a polymer network that can absorb water and expand significantly; the amount of expansion depends on the chemical properties of the gel and the environment around it.
and that, in turn, changes the frequency at which the protons in water molecules around and inside the gel resonate in response to radio-frequency radiation.
***Hydrogels are linked cross networks of polymers that can absorb various amounts of water depending on their chemical composition and structure.
The biomolecule sorting technique was developed in the laboratory of Joanna Aizenberg, Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science at Harvard School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) and Professor in the Department of chemistry and Chemical Biology.
The authors say that the system could provide a means of removing contaminants from waternd even be tailored to enable energy-efficient desalination of seawater.
a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university and the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science at Harvard School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS), has developed an entirely new,
and extended use,"said the study's lead author Xu Hou, Ph d.,Research Associate at the Wyss Institute and SEAS."
"said co-author Alison Grinthal, Ph d.,Research Scientist at Harvard SEAS.""Basic fluid mechanics dictate the precise extraction and output of a wide variety of liquid and gas mixtures according to easily-calculated pressure adjustments."
who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Bioengineering at Harvard SEAS."
where a nanophotonic sensor could be built to scan for pollutants not just in food but also in air and water.
and insolubility in water--properties that allow the body to clear the drug too quickly,
forming a water-soluble nanoparticle with the drug hidden in its core. These nanoparticles are highly soluble in blood
excess water is released which reacts with titanium oxysulfate to form a solid shell of titanium hydroxide with a thickness of 3 to 4 nanometers.
and to extract chemicals or dye molecules out of water. Membranes with these particles attached could be used in devices to detect water contamination
or in filters to remove chemicals or dyes from industrial waste. However, to be effective and safe,
and into the water. range of state-of-the-art facilities on campus was used by the researchers. The Cornell Center for Materials Research (funded through the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science
so it won degrade from being exposed to air and water, Frey said, explaining that this keeps the chemical where it needs to be
Researchers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied science (SEAS) have developed a new system that can produce stable, amorphous nanoparticles in large quantities that dissolve quickly.
The technique involves first dissolving the substances in good solvents, such as water or alcohol. The liquid is pumped then into a nebulizer
the water is going to evaporate faster when you stand in the wind, said Amstad. he stronger the wind,
The possible applications range from rewritable paper, to water decontamination, to the controlled delivery of drugs or other substances.
In addition to durable ewritable paper, Klajn suggests that future applications of this method might include removing pollutants from water certain nanoparticles can aggregate around contaminants
a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
especially the catalysts that convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars at room temperatures.""This is not about mimicking nature directly
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a
-which created templated that could be filled with water-and fat-loving molecules known as amphiphillic molecules.
and is constantly emitting water molecules through tiny pores in the skin. Scientists of the Nanochemistry group led by Bettina Lotsch at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart
phosphorous, oxygen and hydrogen atoms. t long been known to scientists that this material is able to take up water
This water uptake also changes the properties of the material. For instance, its electrical conductivity increases as the number of stored water molecules rises.
This is what enables it to serve as a measure of ambient moisture. A sandwich nanomaterial structure exposed to moisture also changes its colour However
for instance by moving a finger towards the screen. he reason for this lies in the storage of water molecules between the phosphatoantimonate layers,
A team led by Cockrell School of engineering associate professor Christopher Ellison found that a synthetic coating of polydopamine--derived from the natural compound dopamine--can be used as a highly effective, water-applied flame retardant for polyurethane foam.
The polydopamine was coated onto the interior and exterior surfaces of the polyurethane foam by simply dipping it into a water solution of dopamine for several days.
The compound is repelled by water at neutral ph, which allows it to easily diffuse through cellular and nuclear membranes,
#Innovative Bioelectronic Nose Smells Traces of Bacteria in Water A bioelectronic nose that mimics the human nose can detect traces of bacteria in water by smelling it, without the need for complex equipment and testing.
and it can detect tiny amounts of contamination in water, making it more sensitive than existing detection methods.
There are two main problems caused by bacteria and other microbes in water: they can make the water toxic,
and make it smell bad. At high concentrations, bacteria can be toxic in drinking water. But at lower levels virtually undetectable by current culturing techniques they can cause an ff flavor,
even if the water isn toxic, you don want to drink it. We wanted to develop a way to detect
so people are happy to drink water. raditionally, water was tested for contamination with bacteria by taking a sample
and trying to grow the bacteria in the lab . When the bacteria grow, scientists can count the number of colonies
and calculate the concentration of bacteria in the water. Another approach is to detect the smells directly;
compact device for testing water that is suitable for using on-site. In addition to contamination of drinking water bacteria and other microbes can also contaminate rivers and lakes for example, the algal blooms in Hong kong.
Catching this kind of contamination early means it easier to control. We have five senses sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste.
Bacteria that contaminate water give off particular smells that are associated with a handful of smell molecules.
The new nose-like device can detect these smells at very low concentrations of just 10ng per liter of water.
And on top of that was water, into which the scientists injected the molecules that spontaneously form the toxic aggregates."
the aggregates appear as tiny bright spots in a sea of black: bright where the liquid crystal has been disturbed to let light pass."
or for drug researchers to put the amyloid proteins in water, inject their drug, and study how the drug influences the growth of the aggregates over time."
They are sharing concepts and ideas with researchers across the Pacific ocean. In Asia, Japan aerospace exploration agency (Jaxa) is also working on a hypersonic airliner called Hytex intended to cross the Pacific ocean in two hours at speeds of Mach 5. Both Lapcat-II
and Jaxa are part of a hypersonic knowledge-transfer project between Europe and Japan called Hikari.
If the hydrogen can be sourced from natural gas, instead of from the electrolysis of water, the airfare tickets of a hypersonic trip could drop to about half the price of a business-class ticket.
They are able to grow in seawater, and their strong, stilt-like root systems allow them to thrive in swamps, deltas or coastal areas.
"After the 2004 (Indian ocean) tsunami, it became evident-particularly in Sri lanka which was impacted severely-that those villages that had suffered intact mangroves significantly less damage than those that did not.
A report by the International union for conservation of nature (IUCN) published 12 months after the devastating tsunami compared two coastal villages in Sri lanka that were hit by the wall of water.
"Another advantage of a healthy mangrove ecosystem is stilted that the root systems serve as nurseries for many of the fish species that go on to populate coral reefs.
and why water should be filtered. Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
In trials at 25 contaminated water sources in South africa, Ghana and Bangladesh, the paper successfully removed more than 99%of bacteria.
Tiny amounts of silver or copper also leeched into the water, but these were well below safety limits.
and pour water into it from rivers, streams, wells etc and out comes clean water-and dead bacteria as well,
According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water. A book could filter one person's water supply for four years.
working with the charities Water is Life and ide. In these trials, the bacteria count in the water samples plummeted by well over 99%on average-and in most samples
it dropped to zero.""Greater than 90%of the samples had basically no viable bacteria in them,
after we filtered the water through the paper, "Dr Dankovich said.""It's really exciting to see that not only can this paper work in lab models,
could be fitted into a"kolshi"-the traditional water container used by many Bangladeshis. Dr Daniele Lantagne, an environmental engineer at Tufts University, said the data from the trials showed promise."
and why water should be filtered. Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
In trials at 25 contaminated water sources in South africa, Ghana and Bangladesh, the paper successfully removed more than 99%of bacteria.
Tiny amounts of silver or copper also leached into the water but these were well below safety limits.
and pour water into it from rivers, streams, wells etc and out comes clean water-and dead bacteria as well,
According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water. A book could filter one person's water supply for four years.
working with the charities Water is Life and ide. In these trials the bacteria count in the water samples plummeted by well over 99%on average-and in most samples,
it dropped to zero.""Greater than 90%of the samples had basically no viable bacteria in them,
after we filtered the water through the paper, "Dr Dankovich said.""It's really exciting to see that not only can this paper work in lab models,
could be fitted into a"kolshi"-the traditional water container used by many Bangladeshis. Dr Daniele Lantagne, an environmental engineer at Tufts University, said the data from the trials showed promise."
New CRISPR-Cas9 strategy edits genes 2 ways The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been in the limelight mainly as a revolutionary genome engineering tool used to modify specific gene sequences within the vast sea of an organism
n the astroglial endfeet there are special water channels (aquaporin-4 water channels) which are critical for how efficiently the glymphatic system can get rid of waste
because it allows water to move fast through the brain tissue so as to lushwaste products out efficiently.
It is like dropping a stone into water and then watching the waves spread across the surface,
Now, researchers from MIT and the Federal University of Goias in Brazil have developed a new technique that uses ultraviolet (UV LIGHT to extract man-made pollutants from soil and water.
Knowing that UV radiation is used for removing bacteria from water, they developed the idea of using their discovery for water purification.
hydrophilic (water-loving) shell and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) spherical core. he polymers are synthetized to ensure that
the water-loving part is separated from the water-fearing part. When this happens on a nanoparticle,
and therefore clump together to minimize contacts with water, Bertrand explained. From there, these larger aggregates can easily be retrieved through filtration or sedimentation,
with more than 95 percent of the nanoparticles removed from the water. When the nanoparticle loses its protective layer,
polymers are released into the water. While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,
Still, even with the small amount of material released into the water Bertrand nanoparticles have compared benefits with current purification processes.
Plus, these chemical degradation processes do not work on all types of chemicals. hen unusual/unheard of molecules are found as contaminants (for example, the chemical spill in Elk River, WV, in January 2014),
other processes, such as activated carbon extraction, require great energy to push large quantities of water through filters. n our technology,
By filtering water through paper embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles, 99.9 percent water purity is achievable.
She calls it he Drinkable Book. Silver nanoparticles eliminate a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and some viruses
which is put in a special holding device that water is filtered then through. One page can filter 26 gallons of drinking water;
one book can filter a person water needs for four years. Dankovich presented her technology
For example, if we need to use it to purify huge quantities of water the researchers said.
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